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This year we remember the 39th anniversary of the atomic bomb explo­ sions in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, which led to the exposure of thou­ sands of people to high doses of ionizing radiations. Nearly 18 years earlier, on the 15th of September, 1927, H. J. Muller presented his paper The Problem of Genic Modification at the Fifth International Congress of Genetics in Berlin, in which he brilliantly demonstrated the muta­ genic activity of X-rays. In 1928, K. H. Bauer formulated his mutation theory of the origin of cancer, and already in 1914, Th. Boveri speculat­ ed that tumor cells originate from an abnormal chromosomal comple­ ment. In the meantime we have learned that also nonionizing radiation and an immense number of environmental chemicals, both, man-made and naturally occurring, are mutagenic in a variety of test systems, in­ cluding human cells. In no case has it been shown unequivocally that physical or chemical mutagens have led to an elevation of the mutation rate in the germ cells of man, but in view of the huge body of experi­ mental data this seems to be a problem of detection. It can be expect­ ed that germ cell mutations are induced as a consequence of exposure to mutagens in man, as yet undetectable with the methods at hand. An uncontrolled addition of mutations to the human gene pool may well have unforeseen and catastrophic consequences in future genera­ tions for whom we should feel responsible.

The book covers the various cell signaling pathways responsible for prostate cancer progression, conventional therapies used for prostate cancer treatment, new emerging therapeutics, and challenges in the treatment of cancer patients. It describes the different molecular pathways responsible for prostate cancer progression to improve readers'knowledge about the role of signaling networks, and cellular and molecular aspects of prostate cancer progression. These topics include mechanisms responsible for prostate cancer malignancy with a focus on molecular pathways. It also discusses the current challenges in prostate cancer treatment such as drug resistance and immune evasion and introduces novel therapeutics such as gene therapy and nanotherapeutics for prostate cancer. This book is completely novel and unique and covers all aspects of prostate cancer progression and challenges in therapy while presenting solutions. Written by prestigious researchers around the world, this book will be interesting to researchers and practitioners, especially those working in urological cancers.

This is a book about medical communication. Communication is a skill, as such it is learnable and can be refined. Between what we learn in college and clinical practice there is a gap regarding communication with patients and their families that many health professionals want to fill. Thus, the goal of this book is to encourage readers to develop their communication skills in patient care. Chapters cover the possible therapeutic origin of the human word, the placebo effect of the medical word, the distinction between information and communication, and the importance of empathy while communicating with patients. An overview of the medical words throughout history up to our current practice is presented. In addition, the content helps to develop a strategy for nonverbal communication and to analyse the impact of empathy on communication and patient satisfaction. Current topics such as special needs for LGBTQ patient care, telehealth and virtual communication are also featured in this book. Knowing how to communicate is healthy not only for the patient but also for the doctor. Therefore, the prevention of medical burnout through adequate communication, both in routine practice, and with patients with special needs, as well as in telemedicine is also discussed. Finally, the author addresses a personal and non-transferable task: each individual must build their own toolbox for communication - the stories, the anecdotes, the metaphors, the silences with which each of the readers will use to communicate with their patients. The aim of this book is to bridge a gap between the graduate and postgraduate training for dealing with information and problems in communicating during clinical practice. Since it is never too late to acquire or improve our communication skills, this work will be a useful and valuable resource for any health professional interested in the subject.

In this book the most recent technical and technological advancements in the treatment of intracranial tumours will be described, and a wide and updated review of the literature on neurosurgical pathologies with high clinical impact will be offered to the readers. Technical nuances and surgical pearls, as well as tricks suggested by the most renowned experts in the field will be explained and illustrated in the light of the most modern approach to oncological neurosurgical pathologies. Each surgical technique will be contextualized in a multi-modal approach to the pathology, defining specific aims and goals of surgery, and a comparative analysis of surgical and clinical results deriving from the different approaches will be systematically discussed, analyzing the specific drawbacks and advantages in approaching the different pathologies, and emphasizing the preservation of patient's functioning and quality of life as well as the neurological status. Through this book, the editors aim to provide an effective educational support to already trained and experienced neurosurgeons, who want to approach the multi-modal management of intracranial tumors according to the principles of Evidence Based Medicine, highlighting classes of evidence, by using schemes and therapeutic algorithms based on most updated data available in the literature.

Despite the advances in precision medicine and the progressive tailoring of multimodal therapies, surgery still remains the mainstay treatment in the majority of pediatric solid tumors and plays a key role in the multidisciplinary evaluation and management of pediatric oncology patients. The surgeons will face a variety of challenging situations in many aspects of the treatment of a child with cancer. Whether in the emergency department, evaluating a new patient or in the operating room, a clear and concise decision-making plan needs to be developed to assure optimal care and survival. The Survival Handbook in Pediatric Surgical Oncology is to provide an up-to-dated, portable, easy to read and schematic overview of the main topics of the surgeon's role in pediatric oncology, delivering a quick reference guide especially designed for pediatric surgery residents, fellows and young practitioners. The wide coverage of general aspects of the field, like epidemiology, basic oncology, anesthesia and imaging, will be completed with a detailed but brief analysis of most prevalent solid tumors. Other important topics will also be treated, like oncological emergencies and fertility considerations. The chapters will be in charge of key opinion leaders in every topic, looking to deliver only the crucial information, in order to help in the bedside decision making plan. This handbook will be an important partner for many pediatric surgeons around the world, because in this kind of disease it's crucial to act quickly and correctly in order to assure the right diagnosis and start treatment as soon as possible.

This book presents the fields of radiation oncology and radiation biology and projects the potential changes over the next 100 years. The first section describes the status of the medical specialty of radiation oncology and offers predictions for the evolution of the specialty over the next decades. The second section deals with the predictions of the future of radiation biology. This more comprehensive and detailed section deals with two major categories: space travel and the medical and physiological consequences of long-term exposure to space irradiation, and the late effects of ionizing irradiation on humans who have received therapeutic radiotherapy. Expanding use of high dose rate, small volume targeted stereotactic radiosurgery, and stereotactic ablative radiosurgery is expected to increase the numbers of long-term surviving patients. The medical, physiological, and radiobiological consequences of radiation late effect is described in detail. The current novel techniques of radiotherapy including FLASH irradiation, high LET particle irradiation, and novel strategies for a theranostics (combined radiographic diagnosis of metastatic deposits, and delivery of therapeutic radiation) are described, as well as the use of clinical radioisotopes in cancer therapy. This is an ideal guide for radiation oncologists and trainees who are particularly interested in where the field will progress over the next 100 years.

This textbook is intended to give most of the information a Mammographer should have to understand and perform successfully breast imaging techniques. It is structured in 6 parts, Basic theory, Technical quality, Clinical quality, on the Report, other breast imaging techniques and Radio-Protection, Ergonomics, the academic training and the communicant skill. Every part is divided in chapters, made up of short paragraphs with very specific titles, to give the reader the opportunity to find the answer to her/his question easily. Much importance is given to the image produced, which should be characterized by a very high level of diagnostic information, to allow the reader to find the lesion, if it is there, as early as possible. The topic of how to produce the image is dealt with then, but also of how to evaluate thoroughly and appropriately the quality of it. Giving this in-depth knowledge was the aim of this work. The book covers up-to-date information about breast imaging and the surveillance pathway of the patient with breast cancer; it is therefore, of significant interest to Radiographers, Technologists, Radiologists, Breast Nurses; Radiographers students, both undergraduate and postgraduate; Physiotherapists.

This book addresses the pressing problem of drug resistance in the treatment of breast cancer. It provides a comprehensive understanding of the complex mechanisms underlying drug resistance and presents the latest advances in therapeutic approaches to overcome this enormous challenge. The book begins with an introduction to the biology of breast cancer, treatment modalities and the mechanisms of drug resistance. This includes the principles of drug resistance in targeted, immune-, endocrine and chemotherapy. In the following sections, the authors present innovative strategies to overcome drug resistance and new research directions, among others the role of the microbiome in drug resistance, molecular profiling of patients for personalized medical care, and new drug delivery systems. Finally, the book concludes with a discussion of the differences in the prevalence and treatment success of breast cancer between high- and low-income countries. This book is an informative resource for students, researchers, and clinicians in the field of breast cancer research and oncology in general.

Hematological cancers or blood cancers are a heterogeneous group of malignant neoplasms, including leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma, primarily affect the blood and bone marrow. The “Hematological Cancer Pathophysiology: An Interdisciplinary Approach” is the tenth volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, publishes a comprehensive volume on the pathophysiology of hematological cancers. This volume has an interdisciplinary approach in hematological cancers, including myeloproliferative neoplasms, T-cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, and intraocular lymphoma. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and IgG4-related diseases are also discussed in the last chapters. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on hematology and oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to hematologists and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on hematological cancers.

The book comprehensively discusses the surgical management of thyroid and parathyroid diseases. It includes separate chapters dedicated to preliminary evaluation enabling the reader to understand the decision making process. It discusses details of specific preparation for optimizing the conditions suitable for operation. It provides comprehensive description of the complex anatomy of neck and the variations supported by representative photographs. It includes appropriate flowcharts and videos of procedures for better understanding. The book describes the steps of all surgical procedures of thyroid and parathyroid glands emphasizing practical aspects of surgical techniques, supported by representative photographs. It covers chapters on the management of immediate and late complications, adjuvant treatment as well as treatment of late recurrences. Parathyroid diseases are not common but are known to induce disabling complications. The book also discusses various aspects of presentation and treatment of parathyroid diseases in detail. It stresses upon the role of specialists in different department in the postoperative management of thyroid cancers. The book meets the curriculum requirements of postgraduate students in specialties like general surgery, head and neck surgery, and endocrine surgery. It also serves as a reference for junior surgeons and enables them to prepare and perform proper thyroid surgeries as well provides guidance in the postoperative management of all thyroid diseases especially thyroid cancer.

There are different types of treatment for breast cancer, including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy. Deciding on the types of treatment depends on several factors, such as the stage and grade of cancer, biomarkers, and general health of patients. The seventh volume of the “Interdisciplinary Cancer Research” series, entitled “Breast Cancer Treatment: An Interdisciplinary Approach” publishes comprehensive reviews on different treatment opportunities on breast cancer. An update on treatment of triple-negative breast cancer and ductal carcinoma in situ is provided. Ablative breast cancer surgery, radiotherapy, and percutaneous breast cancer treatment are explained. Promising hormone immunotherapy combination as well as targeted therapies for breast cancer is also discussed. This interdisciplinary series is of special value to researchers working on oncology. This is the main concept of Cancer Immunology Project (CIP), which is a part of Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN). This interdisciplinary book will be of special value to researchers and oncologists who wish to extend their knowledge on breast cancer treatment.

This book is a case-based resource detailing the latest diagnostic and management strategies applicable to a number of carefully selected situations in clinical gynecological oncology. It emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach to tackling difficult and unique clinical presentations. Each chapter presents a specific pathology and features descriptions of clinical scenarios and presentations that are both commonly and rarely encountered. Techniques and strategies for ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancer are discussed in accordance with the latest evidence-based knowledge on the topic. Relevant'tips and tricks'are identified in each chapter to assist the reader in developing a thorough understanding of the topics discussed and enhance their decision making skills.Case-Based Gynecological Oncology is a practical guide to clinical presentations of a range of conditions encountered in the field, making it a valuable resource for all clinicians who encounter these patients in their day-to-day practice.

The book provides comprehensive review of common uro-oncology cases mainly focusing on its management aspect. It includes diagnosis and clinical staging, surgical management, pathological staging, adjuvant treatment and follow up. It provides current evidence-based approaches for the management of common urological malignancies. All the chapters are written uniformly in a simple yet informative manner by experts in their respective fields. It contains well-prepared illustrations, relevant clinical images and flowcharts. The book is helpful for practicing urologists, uro-oncologists, oncologists as well as urology trainees, uro-oncology fellows in providing a holistic approach to cancer patients. It helps them to develop critical thinking and encourage discussion toward improving the overall care of the patients.

This book is composed of 13 informative chapters written by world-renowned healthcare providers and researchers in the fields of endocrinology, pharmacy, radiology, infertility, pediatrics, internal medicine, psychology and genetics. From topics covering psychosocial impacts to pharmacokinetic and homecare resources, the intent of this book is to provide guiding principles for a safe and informative transition of care for pediatric and adolescent patients with various familial endocrine cancer syndromes that are transitioning from pediatric to adult health care. It provides an in-depth exploration of the diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, survivorship navigation intervention, patient, caregiver and primary care provider challenges, and multidisciplinary care plans for conditions such as MEN1, MEN2 and other familial and genetic endocrine neoplasias.Familial Endocrine Cancer Syndromes: Navigating the Transition of Care for Pediatric and Adolescent Patients is a much-needed resource, as the literature currently lacks a comprehensive publication to facilitate pediatric patients'transition to adult clinics and resources following endocrine cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Offering a one-stop guide to recognition and therapeutic decision making, Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare Gynecologic Cancers fills a gap in the medical literature on uncommon ovarian, uterine, cervical, and vulvovaginal cancers and trophoblastic diseases. This authoritative text, edited by Drs. Michael Frumovitz, Mario Leitao, and Preetha Ramalingam, has been authored by internationally recognized experts from top institutions such as MD Anderson Cancer Center and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center. Each chapter covers different cancer subtypes and has been reviewed by an oncologist and a pathologist. - Provides up-to-date clinical guidance on assessment and therapeutic options for patients with rare gynecologic malignancies. - Presents information in a templated, easy-to-read format. Each chapter includes an introductory clinical case followed by epidemiology of disease, pathologic assessment, basic science/molecular/translational research, work-up of newly diagnosed disease, staging, treatment of newly diagnosed disease, treatment of recurrent disease, potential therapeutic targets, and a case resolution. - Includes diagnostic and treatment algorithms for each form of cancer. - Contains numerous anatomical figures, radiographs, photographs, and tables for quick visual reference.

Since the first edition of this book in 2012, the field of molecular pathology has expanded exponentially. The advent of complete cancer genome sequencing, new diagnostic molecular tests, and biomarkers for targeted therapy and immunotherapy have demonstrated the importance of molecular tools both in patient care and in the practice of pathology. Furthermore, the development of many new molecular technologies has revolutionized the practice of modern pathology. The rapid growth of this field has led to an expansion of knowledge of molecular processes and many more clinical applications in our daily practice of surgical pathology. Thus, this updated second edition of Molecular Surgical Pathology aims to serve as the best available “quick reference” for pathologists, oncologists, geneticists, primary care physicians, and other medical professionals with an interest in this specialty. Molecular Surgical Pathology 2nd Edition focuses on the practical utility of molecular techniques and on molecular biomarkers for the practicing surgical pathologist. The emphasis is on the impact of molecular pathology for tumor classification, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, as well as its implications for patient management and personalized care. This concise overview of molecular surgical pathology and molecular classification of tumors of different organ sites will help not only practicing physicians, but also those in training, including residents and fellows in various disciplines.

This book addresses Epigenetics in Cancer and covers the most recent advances in RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics in Oncology. RNA/histone/DNA epigenetics have been shown to play pivotal roles in cancer initiation, progression, maintenance and drug response/resistance, tumor microenvironment, cancer stem cell self-renewal, cancer metabolism, and tumor immune evasion. In particular, research in RNA cancer epigenetics has made impressive progress in the last few years.Individual chapters in Part I (focusing on RNA epigenetics) are devoted to RNA modifications in Cancer Metabolism and Microenvironment, Cancer Stem Cell Biology, Immune Surveillance, Solid Tumors and Tumor Immunity, and Hematopoietic Malignancies, as well as to RNA editing in Cancer. Chapters in Part II and III of the book focus on histone epigenetics and DNA epigenetics, respectively.By familiarizing readers with the latest developments in this complex and challenging field, the book offers a valuable resourcefor scientists, graduate students and clinicians alike.

Offering up-to-date, authoritative information in a quick-reference format, The Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Oncology, Sixth Edition, is a comprehensive yet concise review of the management of different cancer types. Drs. Jame Abraham, James L. Gulley, and a team of expert contributors emphasize practical information that can be applied in everyday patient care situations, and thoroughly revised content keeps you current with advances in this fast-changing field.

This book fills an important gap in the professional's daily practice of both Oncology and Hematology. From the understanding of oncological and hematological diseases, drugs and protocols, to the administration of an oncology pharmacy, this book is an essential guide to supporting health professionals working or that intend to work in this area. This golden standard to practice is featured as a pocket guide easy to be carried around the hospital or clinic. The chapters cover topics such as support drugs; immunotherapy; CART-cells; chemotherapy for rheumatology, surgery and ICU; tumor lysis; extravasation; adverse effects; and stem cell transplantation. The content gathered in this volume is an invaluable resource not only to oncologic, clinical and hospital pharmacists, but also residents, postgraduate and undergraduate students.

The standard-setting text in oncology for 40 years, DeVita, Hellman and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles and Practice of Oncology, 12th Edition, provides authoritative guidance and strategies for managing every type of cancer by stage and presentation. Drs. Vincent T. DeVita, Jr., Theodore S. Lawrence, and Steven A. Rosenberg oversee an outstanding team of expert contributing authors who keep you up to date and fully informed in this fast-changing field. This award-winning reference is also continually updated on Health Library and VitalSource platforms for the life of the edition.

This book aims to examine all immunohistochemical and molecular pathological biomarkers that can be useful and effective in patient diagnosis, prognosis and treatment decision, especially when faced with a carcinoma of unknown primary. For this purpose, epithelial malignancies of all systems and related biomarkers are examined one by one, and to look at the subject through the metastatic regions window, biomarkers that can be used to determine the primary focus for carcinomas seen in the areas most frequently metastasized are emphasized. With this bi-directional perspective, the reader is able to find biomarkers of any type of carcinoma on a system basis, as well as access to which biomarkers can be used when faced with a metastatic carcinoma. The importance of biomarkers in patient follow-up and treatment is also conveyed through the clinician's eye, and so biomarkers are handled with a holistic approach in all aspects. This book primarily targets pathologists, as well as clinicians (oncologists and surgeons) who manage cancer patients.

This volume introduces the reader to the most important standards and principles of prophylactic surgery. After discussing the comparative effectiveness of screening in the treatment of hereditary cancer syndromes and evaluating genetic predisposition, the book moves on to address ethical, legal, social and cost-effectiveness dimensions of prophylactic surgery. With the aim of preventing hereditary predisposition syndromes, it also includes a chapter on the application of preventive surgery to all specific fields of surgery. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership, from experienced surgeons to students.

This book provides clinicians, clinicians-in-training and researchers with a unique rapid-access educational resource on the spectrum of issues at the intersection of skin and malignancy. In it, there is clinical detail provided on how the skin reveals systemic malignancy via cutaneous metastases, genodermatoses or paraneoplastic dermatoses. At the same time, it reviews pharmacologic treatment of internal malignancy and how this can result in cutaneous adverse reactions; conversely, therapeutics for skin conditions can increase risk for internal malignancy. As arguably the most significant cutaneous malignancy, melanoma receives specific attention for its metastatic potential, current diagnostic advances, and recent therapeutic breakthroughs. Dermato-Oncology Study Guide: Essential Text and Review serves a critical educational need for clinicians caring for patients with systemic malignancy by creating an easy-to-use resource that provides practical tools to recognize skin signs of internal malignancy. Furthermore it helps in anticipating and managing adverse reactions of therapeutics for systemic malignancy, and gives the reader the opportunity to weigh the risks of malignancy of pharmacologic agents for skin disease.

Biological Mechanisms and the Advancing Approaches to Overcoming Cancer Drug Resistance, Volume 12, discusses new approaches that are being undertaken to counteract tumor plasticity, understand and tackle the interactions with the microenvironment, and disrupt the rewiring of malignant cells or bypass biological mechanism of resistance by using targeted radionuclide therapies. This book provides a unique opportunity to the reader to understand the fundamental causes of drug resistance and how different approaches are applied. It is a one-stop-shop to understand why it is so difficult to treat cancer, and why only a very few patients respond to therapy and a significant portion develop resistance. Despite a rapid development of more effective anti-cancer drugs and combination therapies, cancer remains the leading cause of lethality in the developed world. The main reason for this is the ability of heterogeneous subpopulations of tumor cells interacting with constantly evolving tumor microenvironment to resist elimination and eventually, trigger cancer relapse. In this book, experts review current concepts explaining molecular and biological mechanisms of cancer drug resistance and discussing advancing approaches for overcoming these therapeutic challenges. - Provides the most updated knowledge on the mechanisms of cancer drug resistance and the emerging therapeutic approaches reviewed by experts in the field - Brings detailed analyses of most important recently reported developments related to drug resistance and their relevance to overcoming it in cancer patients - Discusses in-depth molecular mechanisms and novel concepts of cancer resistance to conventional and advanced therapies

The treatment of cancer has been revolutionized by therapies that modulate the immune system, with benefits for quality of life and survival. Standards of care have changed to reflect developments, but the area is moving fast. Keeping abreast of new therapies and trial data can be challenging. This second edition of'Fast Facts: Immuno-Oncology'takes you from the fundamentals of immunology through to the new concepts of immunoediting and immunotherapy and likely future directions. Whether you have worked in oncology for decades and need a refresher or you are just starting out and need a crash course, this book provides all you need to know about immuno-oncology, concisely summarized.

This comprehensive guide describes the aftercare that is appropriate in young cancer patients and discusses in detail the risk and detection of treatment sequelae. It explains the impacts on body and mind of both the disease itself and the different risk-adapted cancer treatments currently in use. Clear guidance is provided on diagnosis and management of the principal treatment-related toxicities in different organs and organ systems and for a wide variety of tumor types. In addition, the role of genetic polymorphisms in the development of adverse therapy-related outcomes is explored, and advice offered on genetic counselling. As the number of long-term survivors of childhood cancer and of cancer in young adults continues to grow, so issues surrounding potential sequelae, second malignancies, and quality of life are becoming ever more important. All practitioners involved in the care of young cancer patients will find this book to be a helpful source of up-to-date information andassistance.

The present book on Molecular & Diagnostic Imaging and Treatment Strategies of ovarian cancer is one of two companion books with the second one being focused on Cell and Molecular Biology of Ovarian Cancer. Both books include new exciting aspects of ovarian cancer research with chapters written by experts in their respective fields who contributed their unique expertise in specific ovarian cancer research areas and include cell and molecular details that are important for the specific subtopics. Comprehensive and concise reviews are included of key topics in the field.

This book presents a compact overview of the history, evolution and fascinating novel applications of antibodies for the treatment of cancer, leading the reader step by step to the latest advances. Interesting anecdotes, together with self-explanatory and clearly structured figures with a humorous touch, facilitate the reader's understanding of this complex topic. Clinical cases round out the book, making it a valuable aid for professionals in their everyday practice. The growing importance of the topics covered here was highlighted by the joint award of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Chemistry to Frances H. Arnold (directed evolution of enzymes), George P. Smith (phage display of peptides) and Sir Gregory P. Winter (phage display of antibodies). Furthermore, the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to James P. Allison and Tasuku Honjo for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation. Many of the antibodies that are now being brought to market target precisely these immune checkpoint modulators. The book addresses a broad readership, ranging from professionals and experts in the field to residents and medical students.

Pediatric Surgery provides an authoritative, up-to-date and comprehensive analysis of current practice in the field. It is divided into three topical volumes, with a total of seven sections focusing on general principles, newborn surgery, general pediatric surgery, tumor surgery, trauma, transplantation, and pediatric urology surgery. Detailed descriptions of surgical techniques and pre- and postoperative management are provided by experts from various parts of the world.The result is an international reference on the surgical management of both common and rare diseases of infants and children that will be an ideal source of information and guidance for pediatric surgeons, pediatric urologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, and all those seeking more detailed information on surgical conditions in children.The three topical volumes are as follows: General Principles and Newborn Surgery General Pediatric Surgery, Tumors, Traumaand Transplantation Pediatric Urology

This book is intended as a comprehensive resource for clinicians and researchers seeking in-depth information on geriatric oncology. The coverage encompasses epidemiology, the biology and (patho)physiology of aging and cancer, geriatric assessment and management, hematologic malignancies, solid tumors, issues in patient care, and research methods. Since cancer is a disease of aging and people are living longer, most cancer patients are now aged 70 and older. Yet the more we age, the more diverse we become in terms of our health, biologic fitness, and cancer behavior. Typically, however, general oncology clinical trials address only a selected healthier and younger population of patients. Geriatric oncology is the area of oncology that addresses these issues but while a wealth of knowledge has been accumulated, information is often difficult to retrieve or insufficiently detailed. The SpringerReference program, in which this book is published, offers an ideal format for overcoming these limitations since it combines thorough coverage with access to living editions constantly updated chapter by chapter via a dynamic peer-review process, ensuring that information remains current and pertinent.

This book covers the full range of pathologic conditions encountered during childhood and youth, including tumors and tumor-like conditions of all organ systems, with direct links to developmental biology pathways and genetics. It provides a user-friendly road map to the main diagnostic criteria and combines an organ-related approach with an explanation of the diagnostic approaches to various specific diseases and syndromes, including sequential segmental analysis of congenital heart disease. More than 500 new full-color macro- and microphotographs using more than 500 multi-photographic panels are included to provide a realistic basis for comparison macroscopically and under the lens, and summarizing tables highlight key information in the concise form required for at-a-glance review. Pathologists will find the book very helpful when signing out complex and challenging cases, and it will also prove invaluable for exam preparation and continuing medical education.

Immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field that mandates frequent revision of the book as new insights to fight cancer emerge. The third edition of Immunotherapy is an updated overview of immuno-oncology in different cancer types and toxicities associated with immunotherapy. It explores the breath of immunotherapeutic strategies available to treat a wide range of cancers, from melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer to gastrointestinal, genitourinary, gynecologic and nervous system malignancies. With increasing use of checkpoint inhibitors as standard of care and in clinical trials, the challenges associated with their use undoubtedly increase. As objective response is limited to a subset of patients and is often associated with distinct immune related side effects that are potentially life threatening, it is essential to identify patients who are likely to respond to immunotherapy and those who are at a risk for developing treatment-related side effects. In the absence of a validated predictive biomarker, innovative technologies and assays are being used to identify critical biomarkers that drive the immune response. Hence, a chapter to provide a basic understanding of the diagnostic procedures has been included besides the chapter on the cellular components of the human immune system. This new edition will also inform readers on use of novel microbiome and imaging approaches. Finally, the book includes a chapter on patient-reported outcomes in patients treated with immunotherapies as the authors recognize the importance of including missing patient voice in clinical trials and longitudinal assessment of symptom reports. In short, the third edition of this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the field of immune-oncology that will help health care professionals make informed treatment decisions. The book's chapters are written by a diverse cast of experts conducting cutting-edge research,providing the reader with the most up-to-date science.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the role of interleukins in the tumor microenvironment. Each chapter focuses on the various ways to target the tumor microenvironment by intervention in the interleukin biology, including IL-1, IL-8, IL-21, IL-36 signaling, and more. Taken alongside its companion volumes, Tumor Microenvironment: The Role of Interleukins – Part A updates us on what we know about various aspects of the tumor microenvironment, as well as future directions. This book is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the management of brain and skull base tumors. It features detailed insight into the intrinsic molecular biology, anatomical foundation, radiological planning, surgical execution, and the novel therapeutics that guide today's treatment regimens. The first section features concepts related to the epidemiology and pathological basis of disease processes, including relevant cellular and molecular biology. In the second section, integral anatomical foundations and principles are covered including microsurgical anatomy of the cerebrum, white matter tracts, ventricles, brainstem, skull base, advancements in radiological imaging, and cognitive examinations. Surgical approaches and how to execute these procedures are then subsequently discussed in the third part of the work. Principles of Neuro-Oncology: Brain & Skull Base is a practically applicable guide to the latest treatment techniques available to treat these patients. Therefore, it is an indispensable resource for all physicians who utilize these methodologies in their day-to-day practice.

This is a unique book focusing on the management of rare sarcomas, which pose an important challenge in Europe and in the US, as they represent nearly one quarter of all new diagnoses of cancer and have lower survival rates than common cancer. Discussing a range of tumors from clear cell and epithelioid sarcoma to solitary fibrous tumor and myxoid fibrosarcoma, this book provides invaluable expertise according to evidence-based guidelines and uses a patient-centered multi-disciplinary approach.Each of the chapters discusses the forms of rare sarcomas both from an oncological and a pathological perspective. This book aims to help the sarcoma expert in improving the management, quality of care and outcome for patients with rare tumors, which have now been recognised as a public health priority.The authors are experts from specialist sarcoma centers focusing on the capacity to develop clinical guidelines, and to foster clinical, translational and epidemiologicalresearch for rare cancers.

This volume comprehensively reviews oncology in the precision medicine era of personalized care, latest developments in the field, and indications and clinical trials for the treatment of cancer with targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and epigenetic modulators. It thoroughly addresses concerns of various types of cancers including cancers of the head and neck, lung, colon, esophagus, bladder, pancreas, and breast; melanoma; multiple myeloma; hepatocellular carcinoma; renal cell carcinoma; and sarcomas. It is organized and written in a format that is easy to follow for both clinicians and non-clinical scientists interested in personalized medicine. Chapters cover the identification of the clinical problem and summary of recent findings, tumor biology and heterogeneity, genomics, examples of simple and complex cases, biological pathways, future clinical trials, and financial considerations. Oncology in the Precision Medicine Era: Value-Based Medicine will serve asa useful resource for medical oncologists and healthcare providers tailoring medicine to the needs of the individual patient, from prevention and diagnosis to treatment and follow up.

The book covers all relevant topics of uropathology (tumoral and non-tumoral), from the normal histology of the genitourinary tract to pathological findings of diseases in the male genital and urinary tract. To make the content more accessible, all content is arranged alphabetically and each entry is uniformly structured, presenting the epidemiology, the clinical signs, the gross and histological features, the immunohistochemical stainings, and the molecular data for each disease. Histological pictures clarify the microscopic findings and help readers understand the differential diagnosis for genitourinary tract diseases. In addition to internationally respected experts on pathologies of the prostate, bladder, kidney and testis, researchers coming from other disciplines such as molecular biologists, soft tissue pathologists, dermatopathologists, hematopathologists and gynaecopathologists have contributed to this book, thus making it interesting for uropathologists, but also for students, residents, clinicians (surgeons, radiotherapists, oncologists, urologists, dermatologists) and researchers who deal with disciplines that call for knowledge of the pathologies of the male genital and urinary tracts.

This book is a practical guide on image-guided robotic (CyberKnife®) radiosurgery of the brain and the spine. The volume introduces the radiosurgical community to the potential of image-guidance in the treatment of neurosurgical diseases including neuro-oncological, vascular and functional disorders. Principles of image-guided radiosurgery, including physics and radiobiology are considered. Each chapter provides a critical review of the literature and analyses of several aspects to offer an assessment of single and hypofractionated treatments. Based on the authors'experience, tables or summaries presenting the treatment approaches and associated risks are included as well. Providing a practical guide to define the selection of dose, fractionation schemes, isodose line, margins, imaging, constraints to the structures at risk will support safe practice of neuroradiosurgery. This book aims to shed new light on the treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases of the central nervous system using the CyberKnife® image-guided robotic radiosurgery system. It will be adopted by neurosurgery residents and neurosurgery consultants as well as residents in radiation oncology and radiation oncologists; medical physicists involved in radiosurgery procedures may also benefit from this book.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. Now updated online for the life of the edition, DeVita, Hellman, and Rosenberg's Cancer: Principles & Practice of Oncology, 11th Edition keeps you up to date in this fast-changing field. Every quarter, your eBook will be updated with late-breaking developments in oncology, including new drugs, clinical trials, and more.

Neuroendocrine neoplasms comprise a large family of proliferative lesions that involve almost every part of the body. Our understanding of their cells of origin as well as the pathology, pathophysiology and genetics of these neoplasms has made tremendous advances in the last few decades. While they are often discussed as separate entities in textbooks of gastroenteropancreatic pathology and pulmonary pathology, their scope is much broader. The book conveys the similarities and differences of these fascinating tumors that may be found from the hypothalamus and pituitary to the rectum, and in soft tissue as well as in many organs. Written by experts in the field, the authors emphasize their structural, functional, predictive and prognostic features and attempt to provide the clinical context that allows improved diagnosis and therapy while building on the genetics that clarifies patterns of inheritance and predisposition to tumor development through precursor lesions.The Spectrum of Neuroendocrine Neoplasia provides a broad overview of neuroendocrine neoplasms using a practical approach to diagnosis, histological classification and therapy, and presents the most important and significant developments of the technologies used to diagnose, classify and treat them.

Revealing essential roles of the tumor microenvironment in cancer progression, this book provides a comprehensive overview of the latest research on the tumor microenvironment in over thirty human organs, including the parathyroid gland, heart, intestine, testicles, and more.Taken alongside its companion volumes, these books update us on what we know about the different aspects of the tumor microenvironments in distinct organs as well as future directions. Tumor Microenvironments in Organs: From the Brain to the Skin – Part A is essential reading for advanced cell biology and cancer biology students as well as researchers seeking an update on research in the tumor microenvironment.

This book reviews the role of exosomes and extracellular vesicles in both normal and pathological conditions. It first explains isolation methods for exosomes, and analyzes their fine structure and biological functions. Further, it highlights exosomes'role as the key regulator in embryonic-maternal communication, and in the pathogenesis of various diseases, including cancer and urogenital, infectious, and neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, it reviews the latest advances in using stem-cell-derived exosomes as a cell-free strategy in regenerative medicine, as well as the potential of exosomal microRNA as a promising non-invasive biomarker and targetable factor in cancer diagnosis and treatment. Lastly, it explores the use of natural and synthetic exosomes as nano-vehicles for efficient drug delivery.

This book addresses the biological processes relevant to the immune phenotypes of cancer and their significance for immune responsiveness, based on the premise that malignant cells manipulate their surroundings through an evolutionary process that is controlled by interactions with innate immune sensors as well as the adaptive recognition of self/non-self. Checkpoint inhibitor therapy is now an accepted new form of cancer treatment. Other immuno-oncology approaches, such as adoptive cell therapy and metabolic inhibitors, have also shown promising results for specific indications. Immune resistance is common, however, limiting the efficacy of immunotherapy in many common cancer types. The reasons for such resistance are diverse and peculiar to the immune landscapes of individual cancers, and to the treatment modality used. Accordingly, approaches to circumvent resistance need to take into account context-specific genetic, biological and environmental factors that may affect the cancer immune cycle, and which can best be understood by studying the target tissue and correlated systemic immune markers. Understanding the major requirements for the evolutionary process governing human cancer growth in the immune-competent host will guide effective therapeutic choices that are tailored to the biology of individual cancers.

This textbook discusses core principles and practices in gastrointestinal oncology and covers a wide range of practice areas such as pathology and radiologic images, epidemiology, genetics, staging, multidisciplinary management of specific gastrointestinal cancer, and pathology for each primary tumor site. The comprehensive coverage makes Textbook of Gastrointestinal Oncology a useful resource for the practitioner wishing to gain a greater understanding of the principles of managing malignant gastrointestinal disease, as well as medical oncology fellows, surgeons, radiation oncologists, gastroenterologists and fellows, and residents.

This book, part contributed volume, part proceedings, discusses state-of-the-art advances on human cell transformation in cell models for the study of cancer and aging. Several of the chapters are from the Human Cell Transformation: Advances in Cell Models for the Study of Cancer and Aging conference that was held in June 2018 at McGill University. The authors represent international expertise on a wide variety of topics ranging from different types of cancer (prostate, bone, breast, etc.) to tumor microenvironment, tumor progression, homogeneity, and possible therapies and treatments.

The questions we ask in this book about cancer are actually quite elementary. What is the origin of cancer? Does cancer arise in any cell in the body, or only in certain cells? Is cancer a genetic or a stem-cell disease? We illustrate that cancer is a multicellular rather than a unicellular process, a cellular rather than a genetic problem, and a stem-cell rather than a somatic-cell disease. We reveal that the incredible resemblance between a cancer cell and a stem cell suggests that they are intimately related. The uncanny ingenuity of a cancer cell is also innate in a stem cell. The recognition that cancer has a stem-cell origin indicates that a stem-cell theory of cancer may be the unified theory that we need to make sense of the torrents of new data and new insights into different facets of cancer, to see how they fit together into one picture, and to disarm the disease. A stem-cell theory of cancer can potentially accept, embrace, and integrate all of its genetic, epigenetic, proteomic, and metabolic aspects. Such a unified theory can account for all cancer hallmarks, including metastasis, heterogeneity, dormancy, and immune evasion. It predicts that multimodal therapy may be more beneficial than targeted therapy, and integrated medicine more effective than precision medicine for the management of all but the simplest tumors. It predicts that when we have the correct cancer theory, clinical progress will advance by monumental leaps rather than incremental steps. Indeed, I predict that successful clinical outcomes will ultimately provide irrefutable validation that cancer is a stem-cell disease. Therefore, the thesis of this book is actually quite simple. When we have a pertinent and correct theory of the origin of cancer, all ideas, observations, experiments, and treatments will begin to fall into place and make perfect sense. We would like to convince readers that a stem-cell theory is the elusive, long-sought unified theory, the theory of all theories, of cancer.

Six years ago when the first edition of this volume appeared as the first of the series, questions were posed in its preface that are as valid today as they were then. In that preface, I proposed the following challenges: (1) We must identify carcinogenic agents, and by an analysis of their'nature,'e. g., structure and physical characteristics, we may better understand their mechanism of action. (2) We must identify crucial interactions between these carcinogens and impor­ tant macromolecules within the cell, distinguishing those which relate to carcinogenesis from those which are extraneous. (3) We must examine the alterations of cell function induced by these reactions, for it is with an understanding of phenotypic variation that we may know why malignant cells escape from normal homeostatic control. (4) Last, and perhaps of greatest importance, we must define malignancy--define those charac­ teristics of cellular activity that permit the malignant cell to compete so effectively with the normal constituent, which ultimately Ieads to such destructive events. Although great strides have been made toward those goals, as evidenced by a number of new chapters and the new information gathered into others, and although the achievement of those goals sometimes appears but a tantalizing experiment away, none have been achieved. For example, several chapters indude descriptions of the progress that has been made toward the development of'quick assays.

The ability to measure and monitor cancer biomarkers in “body fluid biopsy” should greatly impact oncologic practice. “Biomarkers in Proximal Fluids”, the third of the “Cancer Biomarkers in Body Fluids” series details cancer signatures in none or minimally circulating body fluids including saliva, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, exhaled breath condensate, nipple aspirate fluid, gastric and pancreatic juice, stool, urine, and prostatic, peritoneal and cerebrospinal fluid. These fluids are enriched with biomarkers, especially those emanating from cells of the proximal tissue. Chapter 1 examines the global burden of cancer and the need for regional efforts at primary prevention, early detection and patient care. Chapters 2-12 address tissue-specific biomarkers in associated body fluids. The tumor interstitial fluid as a microenvironment rich in cancer biomarkers is detailed in chapter 13, while chapter 14 looks at the human body fluid microbiome and itsevolving role in cancer. Commercially available assays using proximal fluids are examined at the end of the respective chapters. This book complements its predecessors and is equally useful to oncologists, cancer researchers, clinicians, medical students, nurses, diagnostic laboratory and pharmaceutical industry personnel.

This fully indexed, 2-volume book covers all aspects of gynecologic and obstetric pathology. It focuses on practical issues in each chapter by demonstrating pitfalls of diagnosis in addition to general criteria needed for each disease entity. As a reference book on gynecologic and obstetric pathology, it is targeted for practicing pathologists, pathology residents, gynecologic pathology and oncology fellows, clinicians, healthcare providers, and biomedical researchers and is intended for use as a bench or scope side reference, resource for studying for board examinations or to satisfy any interest in certain topics within the field of gynecologic pathology. Volume 2 contains 17 chapters covering disease entities of the uterine myometrium, ovary, fallopian tube, peritoneum, placenta, gestational trophoblastic diseases, and gynecology related cytology. It covers all the recognized recent advances within the field. Key diagnostic and differential diagnosis related points are illustrated in numerous tables. In addition, plenty of high quality pictures are presented for the vast majority of entities to facilitate both learning and teaching.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from 3rd Party sellers are not guaranteed by the Publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The Bethesda Handbook of Clinical Oncology is a comprehensive review of the management of numerous cancer types, emphasizing practical information that can be applied in everyday, fast-moving patient care situations. With contributions from experts and scholars at the National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Cleveland Clinic, and other renowned institutions, this latest edition has been thoroughly revised with new content and continues to provide practical guidance on how to evaluate, diagnose, and treat cancer patients.