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This book offers a general framework for a better understanding of the differences and similarities between the institutional rules of intergovernmental organizations that include parliamentary elements, and analyzes the role of various types of international parliamentary assemblies in the system of global governance, as well as insights into the process known as “parliamentarization of international organizations.” Firstly, it presents a case study of various types of international parliamentary assemblies, which is then used to analyze the law of particular international organizations that include parliamentary assemblies or relate to them. Secondly, the book compares two parliamentary assemblies of international organizations – the Parliamentary Assembly of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE PA) and the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) – in terms of structure, powers, and relations with their IGOs. It also investigates the activities of assemblies and their cooperations for the purpose to explore the positive effects of the work of international parliamentary assemblies and their potential for having an impact at the national level. Lastly, the book analyzes the tangible and desirable powers of international assemblies by comparing examples of existing international parliamentary assemblies with the UN Parliamentary Assembly project. Based on that, the author compiles a list of essential requirements and principles for effective international parliamentary assemblies.

Undoubtedly one of the paragons of public international law in contemporary times, Colin Warbrick is truly held in high esteem by his peers at home and abroad. His breadth of knowledge is reflected in a large number of scholarly works and in his appointment as a Specialist Adviser to the Select Committee on the Constitution of the House of Lords and as a consultant to both the Council of Europe and OSCE. This festschrift celebrates on his retirement as Barber Professor of Jurisprudence at Birmingham University, his extraordinary talent and academic career by bringing together a group of eminent judges, practitioners and academics to write on international human rights, international criminal justice and international order and security, fields in which Professor Warbrick has left an indelible mark.

Non-recognized States are a widespread and politically sensitive de facto phenomenon in international politics, raising numerous questions from both a public international law and private law perspective. The present book deals with rarely analysed questions on how States deal with legal issues of private law arising with regard to non-recognized States and what issues of international trade and investment law arise in such cases. The book takes the non-recognized States that emerged in the post-Soviet area after 1990/1991 as examples, but also makes references to other non-recognized States. The book is written from a comparative perspective, giving room to authors from various States and non-recognized States (state-like entities) alike. Recent developments have led to the disappearance of three non-recognized States in the region. In this regard, the book may also be interesting as a source of information that has already disappeared or will probably soon disappear from the Internet. Further, the book is highly relevant for the remaining non-recognized States in the region, while also offering a source of inspiration for private law (including civil procedure) and investment law aspects concerning non-recognized States in general.

The cases analysed involve litigation concerning a disparate range of contemporary US culture wars including equity in access to public services unrestricted by religious bias, resistance to the teaching of historical facts relating to racial tensions in America including the so-called ‘critical race theory'debate, the right of schoolchildren to exposure concerning a diversity of views, current USSC litigation about US university admissions policy that considers ‘race'(ethnicity) as one factor amongst many in admission, contemporary cases concerning the constitutionality of US abortion law grounded on Roe v Wade and the scope of State and indigenous sovereign powers These contemporary culture war US landmark cases are then compared to similar cases in non-US jurisdictions and courts to consider in more depth the underlying core issues in these cases. The book highlights the risk to a democracy of recasting fundamental human rights litigation as essentially nothing more than the sorting out of political quagmires and cultural conflicts best left to the discretion of government rather than the courts. Then, the major risk is that constitutional controversies will increasingly not be decided by an independent judiciary but rather by self-interested politicians as the courts more often than not decline to weigh in on highly sensitive human rights controversies. A further risk is that instead such cases will be decided through a judicial majoritarian political lens rather than a largely apolitical consensus judicial opinion constructed by both philosophically left leaning (so-called liberal) and right leaning (so-called conservative) jurists.

This book, finished in September 2023, addresses the fundamental principles enshrined in Resolution 2625 (XXV): sovereignty, the principle of non-intervention, the prohibition of the use of force, and self-determination. Studying these principles can help us understand some of the main features of international law and the international community in the 21st century: the role of traditional and new subjects alike; the sources of international law; issues of international responsibility; and new international challenges. For this purpose, the book analyses in each chapter the main controversial practices regarding principles. In addition, a section is devoted to an analysis of the particular relationship between the European Union and these principles, given the EU's unique role as an important evolution in international law as both a subject and treaty maker. Further, the EU provides an example of the institutionalisation of the international community and helps to solidify the concept. The book is chiefly intended for experts on International Law. Its purpose is to offer an updated vision of the international community through analysis of the core principles of international law, highlighting contradictions and problems regarding its application and interpretation. The book should also be of great interest and value to those starting careers in international law, offering them key insights into the international community and the roots of the international system.

Global risks present formidable challenges to international law. Although they have long been identified in many other scientific disciplines, they are currently only considered on a sectoral basis in international law in the absence of a legal definition. The aim of this book is threefold: to identify the main elements that characterise global risks in a legal perspective, to determine the characteristics that make them a new category of risk, and to analyse the changes they bring about in the main mechanisms of international law. Drawing on the relationship between international law and other legal systems, and in particular national law, this book highlights possible responses to the challenges posed by global risks. The study is based on extensive practice related to the examples of climate change and pandemics, but opens up perspectives on conclusions that could be common to other global risks, such as financial risks or cyber risks. Interview with the author

The book analyses state of play regarding regional level of government in the countries of South East Europe, particularly countries succeeding former Yugoslavia (Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Kosovo, and North Macedonia) using the research methods from the fields of Law, Public Administration and Political Science. The book offers fresh analytical perspective of the regional self-government issues in these countries, out of which every country has particular issues to deal with. Be it controversial territorial restructuring debate (Croatia), complex institutional system (B&H), dealing with territorial concentrated ethnic minorities (Serbia, Kosovo, North Macedonia) or the issue of small size and non/existence of regional forces (Slovenia, Montenegro). Besides the introductory (methodological) and concluding (synthesis, trends and issues for further research) chapters, the book contains country chapters written by experts from a particular country in the region who follow the same chapter structure which allows further comparisons. Besides that, the book contains three chapters on several cross-cutting issues such as position of ethnic minorities and their territorial (regional) concentration and institutional representation in the overall system of local and regional self-government, analysis of regional political parties and movements that influence the debate in these countries, and the analysis of position and interplay of decontenrated state administration and regional self-government in analysed countries.

This book explores how non-governmental organizations (NGOs), with their sphere of influence within the State and beyond, enrich the international community by working on critical areas affecting people's lives and expectations, to facilitate a more humanising international law. It provides ideas, highlights issues, and identifies actors, actions, and the scope of NGOs in international law. It charts possibilities and limitations of NGOs within the legal framework of a State and its evolution over the years. The book highlights how NGOs, having obtained'consultative status'from the UN Economic and Social Council, have now extended their access and area of influence to international actors like inter-governmental organisations, international courts and tribunals. It provides an overview of NGO's performance and the important role they play in the making of human rights, protection of environment and business ethics. The book is primarily doctrinal containing case studies of important NGOs. The purview is an inquiry, analysis and overview of literature of NGOs in international law from a wide range of sources. The book will help shape the debate over power and functions of NGOs in the background of new loci of NGOs'work. It is useful for students, research scholars, the NGO community, corporations'CSR departments, and concerned governmental agencies. Additionally, being interdisciplinary in nature, it caters to the demands of politics, sociology, management, public policy and social work apart from law.

This book unravels the intricate tapestry of Chinese state-society and government-citizen interactions in both legal historical and contemporary contexts. Set against the backdrop of China's meteoric rise as a global economic and political powerhouse, it presents a comprehensive and nuanced exploration of China's governance norms and their transformative evolution in the modern and contemporary eras. The book analyses China's multifaceted governance landscape, including its profound influence on the dynamics of government-citizen interactions in contemporary China. By introducing the concept of “juridification”, it demystifies the complexities of Chinese governance traditions and transitions. At its core, the book reveals how legislative, administrative and judicial authorities address the collective grievances of Chinese citizens. Through a combination of historical, legal and sociological analyses, it equips readers with an understanding of the formal and practical mechanisms used by Chinese authorities, spanning from the 1980s to the present, to address mass actions. In addition, the book assesses an underexplored aspect: the changing narratives and diverse perspectives found in news coverage of government responses to mass actions, shedding light on the socialisation of principles of public accountability and the safeguarding of civil rights in China. The book is intended to make the topic accessible to both scholars and an interested global audience, helping them understand the Chinese legal governance model, its underlying rationale, recent developments and social implications.

In this thoroughly updated second edition of what has quickly become the definitive text in the field of international humanitarian law (IHL), leading expert Marco Sassòli evaluates the application of IHL, the way in which hostilities should be conducted against an adversary, and the pertinence of traditional distinctions, such as that between international and non-international armed conflicts or civilians and combatants. Drawing on the author's practical experience to provide unique and invaluable insights, the second edition discusses the rules protecting certain categories of persons, including prisoners of war, as well as governing different types of conduct of hostilities and the difficulties in determining whether a destruction was unlawful. Significantly, the edition takes the armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine into account, discussing what remains of neutrality, defending the strict separation between the prohibition of aggression and the humanitarian rules to be respected by both sides, which must however be nuanced in the field of naval warfare. New sections explore IHL in relation to persons with disabilities, sieges and humanitarian corridors, the role of the media, IHL in outer space, and the concept of meaningful human control over lethal autonomous weapons systems. Structured in a clear and accessible manner, this new edition is essential reading for all students and scholars of international humanitarian law, as well as those in human rights, and public international law. For military practitioners and NGO lawyers, as well as those working in intergovernmental organizations, this is simply a must-have resource.

The relationship between domestic courts and international law is usually defined by the frameworks of monism and dualism. The Engagement of Domestic Courts with International Law advances and develops a new paradigm for describing, assessing, and understanding the role of domestic courts in the international legal order. Two trends are examined in parallel in this volume. The traditional dividing lines between national and international law norms and institutions have become increasingly blurred. However, the practice of domestic courts can less and less be understood by reference to a formal approach that dictates how national legal orders receive international law. The solutions that courts reach are often based on a variety of other considerations that are not captured by the classical formal models. The aim of the book is to bring together the wide variety of types of engagement, as an important step towards a better understanding of what courts do and, eventually, towards a normative exercise of articulating principles or guidelines for the engagement of domestic courts with international law. To bring together the pragmatic approaches of domestic courts, the International Law Association Study Group on Principles on the Engagement of Domestic Courts with International Law engaged in studies with experts from a variety of backgrounds. On the basis of the Study Group's Final Report, the editors of this book continued to work with experts from different jurisdictions to collect and analyse alternate pragmatic forms of engagement from domestic courts. This publication contains the outcome of this process.

Diese systematische Gesamtdarstellung des Völkerrechts wendet sich in erster Linie an Studierende und Referendare. Ihnen wollen die Autorinnen und Autoren ein Hilfsmittel für Studium und Prüfung geben, das mehr ist als eine Einführung oder ein Kurzlehrbuch. Die 9. Auflage des Lehrbuches bietet wiederum eine umfassende Darstellung des gesamten Völkerrechts unter Berücksichtigung seiner Grundlagen, seiner Bezüge zu anderen Rechtsgebieten und seiner aktuellen Entwicklungen – in einem Band, von erfahrenen und renommierten Hochschullehrerinnen und Hochschullehrern verfasst. Acht gleichgewichtige Abschnitte decken das Völkerrecht in seiner ganzen thematischen Breite ab: seine Grundlagen; sein Verhältnis zur staatlichen Rechtsordnung; seine Subjekte; die Raum-, Umwelt-, Wirtschafts- und Kulturordnungen des Völkerrechts; die internationale Verantwortlichkeit, das Völkerstrafrecht und das Recht der Streitbeilegung; das Recht der Friedenssicherung und das humanitäre Völkerrecht.

Public International Law: A Multi-Perspective Approach is a comprehensive yet critical introduction to the diverse field of public international law. Bringing together a unique range of perspectives from around the world and from different theoretical approaches, this textbook introduces both the overarching questions and doctrines of public international law, as well as the specialised sub-fields. These include emerging fields such as international law in cyberspace, international migration law, and the international climate regime. The book includes numerous case examples, references to debates and controversies in the literature, and focus sections addressing topics in more depth.Featuring an array of pedagogical features, including learning objectives, suggested further reading and resources, and QR codes to interactive exercises, this book is ideal for students studying this field for the first time and also offers something new for students who would like to deepen their knowledge via a diverse and engaging range of perspectives.The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike (CC-BY-SA) 4.0 License.

This book provides a comprehensive view to those who are interested in human trafficking, child trafficking, and child protection in China. Based on over 2000 case laws from 1990 to 2020, this book provides an in-depth analysis of the causes, criminal patterns, and consequences of child trafficking happened in 30 provinces in China. It reveals a phenomenon that has not attracted much attention at the international level -- the trafficking of children, intranational and transnational, for resale and illegal adoption.

This collection of papers addresses two main themes: firstly, whether there is a distinctively European contribution to or even leadership in the contemporary formation and evolution of international law; secondly, the extent to which non-governmental actors (e.g. NGOs, international organizations, companies, individuals) contribute decisively to the formation of international law at the present time. These issues are explored within a number of different contexts of contemporary significance, in particular: the protection of human and minority rights; protection of the environment; control of transnational organized crime; prosecution of war crimes and crimes against humanity; the definition of statehood and the right to self-determination; transnational commercial and economic activity. The discussion is firmly located within the theory of international law and relations and also the continuum of international history.Comparisons are drawn with both global and other regional developments to test the hypothesis of a'European international law'. The work will be of interest to teachers, students and practitioners (legal and otherwise) in the field of international law and relations.

This book reflects on the nature of the rule of law in the European Union and the present and future consequences of the attacks that are undermining it. Presenting various case studies, it analyses violations of the rule of law and their impact on the quality of European democracy and on the workings of civil and political society. Written from an interdisciplinary perspective, the book connects legal aspects related to infringements of the rule of law with their political and sociological consequences at both a general and the EU level.The book is divided into three parts. The first focuses on the rule of law in the European context and the threats to democracy posed by its violations. It examines how populist movements and parties utilize the erosion of the checks and balances in liberal democracies to weaken resisting intermediate bodies, such as dissenting civil society groups. The second part concentrates on the political perspectives, which it approaches both in terms of its general features and through a set of case studies related to violations of the rule of law. The third part provides a legal perspective on these issues and examines the impact of the rule of law and its infringement in several areas, impacting both the internal and external dimensions of the EU.

This book simultaneously sheds light on the most pressing global challenges facing humanity in the 21st century and pays tribute to President Vaclav Havel of the Czech Republic, who had a great impact on the transformation of world politics in the 20th century. It examines in detail contemporary international issues such as climate change, mass migration, refugees, internal armed conflicts, great power rivalry, and regional political instability. It also underscores the increasing inability of the Westphalian model to solve complex transnational problems and calls for a new approach. Included as a postscript is an extensive analysis of the resurgence of dictatorial regimes in many regions of the world and their attempt to undo the rules-based international order established after World War II. This trend is a setback for those who fought tirelessly to end the Cold War and to spread freedom and democracy to millions of people across the globe. Today that legacy is being challenged by autocratic regimes that see respect for human rights as a threat to their political survival. International law is what unites us as citizens of the world; and only through international law and multilateral cooperation, can we address the global challenges examined in this book.

Launched in 1991, the Asian Yearbook of International Law is a major internationally-refereed yearbook dedicated to international legal issues as seen primarily from an Asian perspective. It is published under the auspices of the Foundation for the Development of International Law in Asia (DILA) in collaboration with DILA-Korea, the Secretariat of DILA, in South Korea. When it was launched, the Yearbook was the first publication of its kind, edited by a team of leading international law scholars from across Asia. It provides a forum for the publication of articles in the field of international law and other Asian international legal topics. The objectives of the Yearbook are two-fold: First, to promote research, study and writing in the field of international law in Asia; and second, to provide an intellectual platform for the discussion and dissemination of Asian views and practices on contemporary international legal issues. Each volume of the Yearbook contains articles and shorter notes; a section on Asian state practice; an overview of the Asian states'participation in multilateral treaties and succinct analysis of recent international legal developments in Asia; a bibliography that provides information on books, articles, notes, and other materials dealing with international law in Asia; as well as book reviews. This publication is important for anyone working on international law and international relations.

This timely book scrutinises the mechanisms for guaranteeing respect for the rule of law in the European legal system. Focusing on external relations, it assesses the capacity of the EU to disseminate these values as a global actor and offers novel suggestions for how this capacity could be exercised more effectively.Using EU legislation and case law, the book identifies the essential elements of the rule of law, and distinguishes the general limits it places on the behaviour of public authorities. Focusing on EU sanctions, trade policy and relations with neighbouring and membership candidate countries, it argues that the EU's promotion of the rule of law internally and externally has strengthened considerably over time. Nevertheless, given the degradation of the rule of law on the international scene, contributors call for an overhaul of EU rule of law policy to uphold the EU's ethical commitments and strengthen its international standing.This book will be an important read for scholars and students of European law, trade law and international relations. Presenting detailed analyses of EU policy and case law, it will also be highly useful for practitioners and policy-makers seeking to promote human rights and democracy.

This collection of essays celebrating the work of Professor Marcelo Kohen brings together the leading scholars and practitioners of public international law from different continents and generations to explore some of the most challenging issues of contemporary international law. The volume is a testimony of esteem and friendship from colleagues and former students, and it covers a vast expanse, reflecting the width and diversity of Professor Kohen's own contribution. Written in English, French and Spanish, the essays in this volume will appeal to a broad public of academics, practitioners and students of international law from around the world.

This yearbook is a compilation of thematically arranged essays that critically analyse emerging developments, issues, and perspectives in the field of comparative law. It comprises three parts wherein the first part focuses on public law and its related issues, the second part engages with issues in the field of private law, and the third part discusses general themes in comparative law. The yearbook includes papers on comparative study between universalism and Asian exceptionalism under human rights perspective, reclaiming the German concept of the rule of law “Rechtsstaat”, the Guarantee Clause in global constitutionalism, administrative justice, constitution and culture, and the category of the'stranger'in modern legal and political thought. The Yearbook touches upon various issues, e.g., forest protection and the idea of Justice, the application of defamation law on politicians, the intersection of customary law relating to child marriage in different countries, hybrid statehood and Buddhist nationalism. Further, scholarly work on the themes of comparative law, customary law, environmental law, and constitutional law is also highlighted.The yearbook intends to seamlessly tie together discussions on both public and private law aspects of comparative law. It encourages readers to gain a nuanced understanding of the working of the law, legal systems and legal cultures while aiding deliberations on the constituents of an ideal system of law.

Through its careful consideration of the status of armed groups within a complex legal landscape, this insightful book identifies and examines the tensions that arise due to their actions existing across a spectrum of legality and illegality. Considering the number of armed groups currently exercising governance functions and controlling territory and population in the world, its analysis is especially topical. Armed Groups and International Law provides essential peer-reviewed analyses of the place of armed groups in the legal framework. A collaborative effort between eminent scholars from different disciplines, it summarises various points of contention within the study of these armed actors, detailing examples that are highly relevant to the contemporary world, such as Afghanistan and Syria. Addressing law-making, rebel governance and accountability, this illuminating book will be of great benefit to students of international humanitarian law, human rights law, international criminal law, and public international law seeking to expand their understanding of the treatment of armed groups within the international legal system. It will also serve as a useful resource for practitioners working in the area of civilian protection and academics conducting research on armed conflict from a variety of disciplines.

This book adopts a transnational methodology to reflect on the legalisation of international economic relations. A Liber Amicorum for Professor Francis Snyder, it outlines the ways in which legal scholarship has taken his legacy further in relation to the concept of transnational law, the'law in context'method, and the evolution of sustainability law. The lens is both theoretical and practical, delving into international investment law, financial/monetary law, free trade agreements, indigenous rights, and food law, and covering case studies from EU law, WTO law, American law, Chinese law, and Indonesian law.The chapters explore how Snyder's ideas have advanced legal research and determined change in regulation, impacting trade relationships worldwide. Part I of the book gives an overview of the actors, the norms, and the processes of transnational economic law, discussing sites of governance, legal pluralism, and soft law. Part II takes stock of the'law in context'research method, looking not only at the way in which it can be refined and used by academics, but also at the practical implications of such a method to improve regulatory settings and promote social and policy goals (including the emerging generation of FTAs, such as TPP, TTIP, and RCEP). Part III focuses on sustainability law, assessing Francis Snyder's contribution to systemic changes and reforms in China and the Asia Pacific region.The book is a must have for any academic or practitioner interested in an up-to-date account of the recent developments in transnational trade law research.

This book seeks to promote investment opportunities in a global context, given San Marino's advantageous tax and corporate system. After introducing readers to the country's historical, geographical and political background, it focuses on current economic trends, business practices and the main institutions for economic development. In turn, the book illustrates San Marino's unique international status, which supports its active membership in numerous international organizations. Additionally, it reports on the country's ties with the world's largest economies. These ties are chiefly characterized by international treaties and Double Tax Agreements (DTAs), which are also analyzed. In closing, the book shares insights into other small European countries'dealings with San Marino (Andorra, Lichtenstein and Monaco).

This textbook presents a detailed insight into the structures and processes of preparing students for Model United Nations (MUN) conferences and for attending Model United Nations conferences, subsequently. It serves as a handbook and practical guide for the implementation of MUN into courses and classes in educational institutions. Written by a Faculty Advisor, and offering additional insights from an experienced award-winning MUN delegate, the book provides a particularly exceptional insightful, and well-rounded approach. The author explains how a MUN course can be taught, presents exercises to prepare students for the conference, and discusses how the MUN delegation and trip to the conference can be organized. This comprehensive guide offers insights into a broad range of topics, including debates with peers, diplomacy to solve international crises, and learning about the system of the United Nations (UN) organization through simulation. Further, it covers the development of soft skills and communication at the conferences and building international friendships, while it additionally allows learning more about the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the process. With tips, tricks, and bonus material this book will serve as an anchor throughout the students'first MUN experience, as well as provide valuable help for more advanced participants. The book, therefore, is a must-read for both academic staff teaching MUN, as well as students attending MUN courses and planning to attend MUN conferences.

This book provides an expanded conceptualization of legalization that focuses on implementation of obligation, precision, and delegation at the international and domestic levels of politics. By adding domestic politics and the actors to the international level of analysis, the authors add the insights of Kenneth Waltz, Graham Allison, and Louis Henkin to understand why most international law is developed and observed most of the time. However, the authors argue that law-breaking and law-distorting occurs as a part of negative legalization. Consequently, the book offers a framework for understanding how international law both produces and undermines order and justice. The authors also draw from realist, liberal, constructivist, cosmopolitan and critical theories to analyse how legalization can both build and/or undermine consensus, which results in either positive or negative legalization of international law. The authors argue that legalization is a process over time and not just a snapshot in time.

This handbook provides a comprehensive account of how international law is understood and practiced in Europe, which is defined for the purposes of the book as Council of Europe countries, in the past and in the present. It is separated into parts covering Europe's values, intellectual traditions, and institutions, as well as examinations of European countries and regions. A diverse group of leading scholars and practitioners of international law are led by three overarching focus points: the success and failures of the pacifying effect of international law, the diversity of international legal experiences and traditions within Europe, and the impact of European ideas on international law globally. By examining these areas, the book also analyses Europe's changing role in the world, and the impact of global influences on the understanding of international law in European countries. The book is a study of regionalism in international law, but also a study of the impact of a region which, at least historically, has had an overwhelming influence on the development and interpretations of international law.

This volume offers a concise yet thorough picture of the principles of EU external relations law. By carefully examining the role of the Union on the global scene, it aims to provide a systematic overview of the relevant rules and competences, reflecting on the legal developments in their political and societal context. The book contains up-to-date analyses of inter alia the Common Foreign and Security Policy, the Common Security and Defence Policy and the Common Commercial Policy. Moreover, it devotes specific attention to the EU's external powers as regard the environment, fundamental rights and development cooperation. In addition, it includes a dedicated chapter exploring the relations with neighbouring countries, as well as one that elucidates the complex interplay between rules of domestic, European and international provenance. One of the work's key assets is how reflections on the law are interwoven with, and supplemented by, insights from adjacent disciplines likeinternational studies, political science, and public administration. The third edition, like its predecessors, continues to have an undergraduate readership in mind. The inclusion of chapter overviews, clarifying boxes, and countless topical examples should prove extra enlightening for those audiences. The book managed to attract particular praise earlier for its lucid style and great accessibility. As before, its compact dimensions, transparent design and comprehensive approach should enable users to master the central features of this gripping field of law with ease. Newly appearing in the Springer Textbooks in Law series, it remains an invaluable resource for students and lecturers alike.

This volume provides an innovative and engaging way of assessing the development of international law scholarship and practice to date and its potential future development by focusing upon the ‘leading works'of the discipline. International law has established itself as an important area of academic study and legal practice. Given its academic, legal and everyday significance and its prolific role within law school teaching and research, it is important to question and analyse the development of international law, exploring the complex and shifting interplay between law, policy, theory and culture and the role of international and national actors within a diverse and dynamic community of nations. This collection presents contributions from leading scholars of public international law across the globe and the works chosen by the editor represent a diverse range of subjects within the broader discipline. Each chapter analyses the importance and legacy of a specific work, with a view to reflecting upon how that publication has contributed to shaping the broader literature in the field of international law and how it may continue to have an influence on both scholarship and practice in the future. Taken as a whole, the chapters included in this collection provide an original exploration of a variety of important themes about how the discipline has evolved over time. The Prologue and Epilogue critically assess the development of international law in light of the reflections by contributors. The book will be a valuable resource for lawyers, international law practitioners, students, and academics alike.

Volume 24 of the Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) is dedicated to investigating IHL's universalist claims from different perspectives and regarding different areas of IHL. While academic debates about “universalism versus particularism” have dominated much of the critical scholarship in international law over the past two decades, they remain relatively underexplored in the field of IHL. The current volume fills this gap in IHL literature by focusing on the ways in which different interpretive communities approach questions of IHL from differing perspectives. Authors were invited to use the concept of culture to deconstruct and take critical distance from the production, interpretation, and application of IHL, and those keen on challenging the idea that IHL needs critical deconstruction were also invited to argue their case. The Volume contains four articles dedicated to the subject of cultures of IHL. It also features a book symposium on Samuel Moyn's Humane: How The United States Abandoned Peace and Reinvented War (2021) and ends, as usual, with a Year in Review section. The Yearbook of International Humanitarian Law is a leading annual publication devoted to the study of international humanitarian law. The Yearbook has always strived to be at the forefront of the debate of pressing doctrinal questions of IHL and will continue to do so in the future. As this volume shows, it is also a forum for taking a step back and reflecting on the broader, theoretical issues that inform the practice and thinking about the field. The Yearbook provides an international forum for high-quality, peer-reviewed academic articles focusing on this crucial branch of international law. Distinguished by contemporary relevance, it bridges the gap between theory and practice and serves as a useful reference tool for scholars, practitioners, military personnel, civil servants, diplomats, human rights workers and students.

This book analyses the principle of equality from three perspectives: public international law, private international law and EU law. It is the first book in English providing a comprehensive overview of this principle in these areas of law and showing the current trends and issues concerning its application. Its main goal is to understand whether and to what extent the principle of equality has been affirmed in public and private international law, as well as EU law, and what – if any – the common core of this principle is.The analysis carried out in this contributed volume starts from general analyses of the principle of equality in the areas of the law covered by the book and then discusses the principle in more specific areas, such as human rights law, international adjudication (including investment law) and the law of international organizations. The book is intended to become a benchmark for academics dealing with matters of equality in public international law, private international law and EU law. It will be a useful tool for practitioners too, the collected chapters being based on the relevant case law dealing with the principle of equality. Daniele Amoroso is Professor of International Law in the Department of Law of the University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy. Loris Marotti is Assistant Professor of International Law in the Department of Law at the Federico II University of Naples, Italy. Pierfrancesco Rossi is Postdoctoral Fellow in International Law in the Department of Law of Luiss University, Rome, Italy. Andrea Spagnolo is Professor of International Law in the Department of Law of the University of Turin, Turin, Italy. Giovanni Zarra is Professor of International Law and International Litigation in the Department of Law at the Federico II University of Naples, Italy.

Presenting a thorough examination of intelligence activities in international law, Sophie Duroy provides theoretical and empirical justifications to support the cutting-edge claim that states'compliance with international law in intelligence matters serves their national security interests. This book theorises the regulation of intelligence activities under international law, identifying three layers of regulation: a clear legal framework governing intelligence activities (legality); a capacity to enforce state responsibility (accountability); and the integration of legality and accountability into responsive regulation by the international legal order (compliance). The empirical relevance of these three layers of regulation is demonstrated through in-depth case studies of state responsibility in the CIA-led war on terror and an analysis of the accountability of Djibouti, the Gambia, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States for conduct in the CIA-led war on terror. Overall, the author shows that the most reliable path to long-term national security is the effective regulation of intelligence activities under international law. Making an original contribution to existing theories of compliance and regulation, as well as the law of state responsibility and its enforcement, this book will be essential for students and scholars of public international law, human rights, intelligence and security studies, and international relations. It will also be a valuable resource for practitioners of international law with an interest in intelligence, state responsibility, and terrorism and security law.

The sixth edition of Public International Law continues the book's accessible, student-friendly tradition with a writing style that is both conversational and easy to read. Uniquely both a textbook and a casebook, the facts of each case and the details of decisions are succinctly set out, followed by detailed commentary and, where appropriate, a brief explanation of subsequent events. Fully up to date with all recent developments, the sixth edition covers the major areas of public international law and examines the leading cases of the International Court of Justice and other international courts and tribunals, whilst paying attention to judgments of national courts, including the UK Supreme Court, the US Supreme Court, and courts of many other countries when they make challenging or novel contributions to international law. Features designed to support learning include highlighted key cases, introductory chapter overviews and concise outlines, and recommended further reading. New to this edition are study boxes which apply public international law to recent events and examine controversial legal issues in a constructive way, including the ongoing armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the murder of Jamal Khashoggi, and the judicial battle of Julian Assange. Diagrammatic aides-mémoires at the end of each chapter have also been updated to further summarise topics covered in that chapter. This book is an ideal learning tool for students of law or political science, practitioners, and legal advisors and provides a clear and straightforward overview for anyone with an interest in international law.

Presenting up-to-date case law and a freshly updated bibliography, this second edition of The Law of Treaties is a valuable addition to contemporary international law scholarship. It offers much-needed clarity on complicated cases and questions whilst maintaining a highly readable style.This timely second edition offers both theoretical and practical insights into the modern law of treaties. Chapters include new additions based on recent legal developments, such as updated information on the invalidity of treaties, and provides precise legal analyses through the integration of modern treaty practice.The Law of Treaties will be highly beneficial for students and academics of international law, politics and international relations looking to expand their knowledge of international affairs. It will also be a valuable read for practitioners wishing to remain informed about new treaties law.

International Law: Text, Cases and Materials provides not only an essential introduction to the core concepts and foundational principles of international law, but also a detailed overview of each established area in which international law operates.Featuring cases, materials, and illustrative figures throughout to enhance the level of context and detail provided, the book covers everything a student of international law requires. Topics include the law of treaties, international organisations, the international protection of human rights, responsibility in international law, jurisdiction, diplomatic and consular law, territory in international law, the law of the sea, international air and space law, international economic law, international environmental law, and international humanitarian law. This comprehensive textbook will be essential reading not only for any course on international law, but also as a starting point for those wishing to grasp the context of a particular area of international law before exploring further.

First published in 1970, Akehurst's Modern Introduction to International Law rapidly established itself as a widely used and successful textbook in its field. Being the shortest of all the major textbooks in this area, it continues to offer a concise and accessible overview of the concepts, themes, and issues central to the growing system of international law, while retaining Akehurst's original positivist approach that accounts for the essence and character of this system of law.This new ninth edition has been further revised and updated by Alexander Orakhelashvili to take account of a plethora of recent developments and updates in the field, accounting for over forty decisions of international and national courts, as well as a number of treaties and major incidents that have occurred since the eighth edition of this textbook was published.Based on transparent methodology and with a distinctive cross-jurisdictional approach which opens up the discipline to students from all backgrounds, this engaging, well-structured, and reputable textbook will provide students with all the tools, methods, and concepts they need to fully understand this complex and diverse subject. It is an essential text for all undergraduate and postgraduate students of international law, government and politics, and international relations.This book is one of the only textbooks in international law to offer a fully updated, bespoke companion website: www.routledge.com/cw/orakhelashvili.

Multilateralism has served as a foundation for international cooperation over the past several decades. Championed after the Second World War by the United States and Western Europe, it expanded into a broader global system of governance with the end of the Cold War. Lately, an increasing number of States appear to be disappointed with the existing multilateral arrangements, both at the level of norms and that of institutions. The great powers see unilateral and bilateral strategies, which maximize their political leverage rather than diluting it in multilateral fora, as more effective ways for controlling the course of international affairs.The signs of the crisis have been visible for some time – but recent crises indicate an acceleration of the on-going disintegration of the multilateral system, such as Brexit, growing resistance on the part of States to international monitoring of compliance and the radical change in the US foreign policy during the presidency of Donald Trump which saw the US withdraw from several multilateral agreements (e.g. the Iran Nuclear Deal and the Paris Agreement), leave some international organizations or bodies (e.g. the United Nations Human Rights Council or the World Health Organization) or paralyze some others (e.g. the World Trade Organization (WTO)).Tackling the debate surrounding the crisis of multilateralism and the related transformation of the underlying international legal order, The Crisis of Multilateral Legal Order analyzes selected aspects of the current crisis from the perspective of public international law to identify the nature of the crisis, its dynamics, and implications.

Volume 12 of the EYIEL focuses on “The Future of Dispute Settlement in International Economic Law”. While new forms of dispute settlement are emerging, others are in deep crisis. The volume starts off with reflections on Dispute Settlement and the World Trade Organisation, most prominently the crisis of the Appellate Body, but also addressing international intellectual property law and the African Continental Free Trade Area. This is followed by a section on Dispute Settlement and Investment Protection/International Investment Law, which includes articles on the summary dismissal of claims, the margin of appreciation doctrine, the use of conciliation to settle sovereign debt disputes, and contract-based arbitration in light of Achmea and Hagia Sophia at ICSID. Further contributions consider the emerging role of commercial courts, the dejudicialization of international economic law, dispute settlement in the UK-EU Withdrawal Agreement, reference mechanisms in dispute resolution clauses,and UNCLOS.

This timely Research Handbook examines the dynamic and interdependent relationship between law and diplomacy in the contemporary international system. Through accounts of the actual practice of international law and diplomacy, it provides insights into how international law and relations operate and examines the complex relationship.An impressive selection of contributors provides analyses of bilateral and multilateral diplomacy in international law making, interpretation, and adjudication. These accounts include examinations of legal diplomacy, reforms within international organisations, judicial diplomacy, and the role of non-state actors – including NGOs and corporations – in the international system. Chapters consist of case studies of treaty negotiations, multilateral legal reform, and the resolution of disputes under formal and informal international legal mechanisms. This Handbook also assesses the relative roles of lawyers, diplomats and lawyer-diplomats within the international system, and the ethical framework for their professional conduct.This Handbook will be helpful to advanced undergraduate, graduate, and law students, as well as researchers, practitioners, and policy makers interested in multilateralism, diplomacy, international law, international organisations, civil society, and the ethics of law and diplomacy.

Eleven does not have the rights to sell this book in Italy. To purchase in Italy, please order via the co-publisher https://www.giappichelli.it/This textbook provides an overview of the general functioning of international law, rather than presenting an extensive overview of the immense developments of international law in the last few decades. These developments cover a wide range of topics, including the regulation of the subjects, sources, state responsibility, the means of dispute settlement, and the increasingly problematic relation to domestic jurisdictions. In addition, substantive international law has expanded into numerous branches, such as the law of the sea, environmental law, jurisdictional immunities, human rights law, investment and trade law, and international criminal law. Due to its concise nature, this book will be an incentive to students at first degree level to study the subject, while complementing the possible use of a syllabus in the public international law course. The basic character of the narrative is also meant to help attorneys understand how intertwined international law and domestic rules are, which they interpret and apply on a daily basis. And this may result in the use of many more arguments in their pleadings before a national court.

This comprehensive Research Handbook considers the place of human security, both in practice and as a concept within international law, examining the preconditions for and consequences of applying human security to international legal thinking and practice. It also proposes a future international law in which human security is central to the law's purpose.Contributions by leading authors in the field critically engage with 25 years of human security practice in different areas of international law and explore the challenges, successes and setbacks of realising human security in a state-based international legal order whilst re-conceptualizing central elements of international law from a human security perspective. Organised around six core themes, the Research Handbook shows how human security can be used as an overarching framework to preserve peace, protect people and counter vulnerability through international law.Progressive and engaging, this Research Handbook will be a key resource for scholars and students of public international law, security, and international relations, who wish to further their knowledge of human security as the central purpose of international law.

This book discusses the future role of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in a world facing survival challenges. It discusses threats such as climate change, environmental degradation and pandemics, and argues that in the future the ICJ will need to carry out judicial, security and protection functions as it is the only organ of the United Nations (UN) that can discharge such functions in view of its independence and expertise. The author proposes that the ICJ can apply a hitherto unused jurisdictional provision in Article 36 of its statute that allows it to deal with'All Matters Specially Provided for in the UN Charter'and presents three examples of issues that would require the urgent attention of the ICJ: vaccine equity in a global pandemic, climate disaster, and mass movements of people across frontiers due to climate change and environmental degradation. Bertrand Ramcharan (Guyana) is a Barrister-at-Law of Lincoln's Inn with a Doctorate in international law from the London School of Economics (LSE) and the Diploma in International Law of the Hague Academy of International Law. He was LSE International Law Scholar and has been Commissioner of the International Commission of Jurists and a Member of the Permanent Court of Arbitration. He has also been Director of the Research Centre of the Hague Academy of International Law (The Right to Life), Professor at the Geneva Graduate Institute, and Chancellor of the University of Guyana. He is a former Chief speech-writer of the UN Secretary-General, and has performed the functions of UN High Commissioner for Human Rights. His doctoral thesis was on the approach of the International Law Commission to the codification and progressive development of international law.

This book deals with the problem of human trafficking in Tanzania in the light of international law and considers human trafficking as both a criminal offence in Tanzania and a human rights violation within international law in general.The book broadens the reader's understanding of the subject of human trafficking and Tanzania's legal approach to the issue and allows the reader to grasp Tanzania's anti-trafficking piecemeal efforts from the 1970s onwards, the reasons that made Tanzania ratify the Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, and Tanzania's NationalAssembly's deliberations regarding the enactment of the Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2008 and the impact those deliberations have had on the current legal framework of Tanzania.It provides a firsthand critical analysis of the Tanzania anti-trafficking law, pointing out its strengths, weaknesses and areas for improvement in a comprehensive manner such as has never been attempted before. The book shares many tips and even insights on how to read and apply Tanzania's 2015 Anti-Trafficking Regulations in relation to the main law harmoniously. It also offers complete instructions for common-law practitioners, court personnel, researchers and other anti-trafficking personnel on how to investigate and prosecute human trafficking, prevent trafficking, both lawfully and from occurring, as well as assist victims of human trafficking and protect their human rights.Nicksoni Filbert Kahimba is a doctoral researcher in the Faculty of Law of the Humboldt Universität zu Berlin in Berlin, Germany. The author also lectures at the School of Law of the University of Dar es Salaam in Tanzania.Specific to this book:•Contains the only up-to-date critical analysis of the Tanzanian anti-trafficking law in light of international law.•Equips common-law practitioners, court personnel, researchers and other anti-trafficking personnel with basic principles on how to combat human trafficking effectively while also protecting the victims thereof.•Simplifies a complicated picture of human trafficking and its myriad aspects in respect to the Tanzanian anti-trafficking legal and institutional frameworkThis is Volume 27 inthe International Criminal Justice Series

Souvent invoquée par les États – afin de lutter contre les menaces qui les assaillent – la notion de sécurité nationale n'a pas été beaucoup étudiée par la doctrine francophone du droit international : celle-ci s'est bornée à l'appréhender sous l'angle d'une clause conventionnelle permettant de déroger aux obligations principales énoncées dans un traité. Apparaissant sous bien d'autres formes dans la pratique du droit international et jouant un rôle créatif dans l'évolution de cette branche du droit, la notion de sécurité nationale trouve son origine dans des considérations politiques. À cet égard, l'auteur ne s'arrête pas à une présentation de la sécurité nationale relevant de la seule technique juridique. Il se réfère à la sociologie des relations internationales et met en exergue la relation dynamique qui unit droit et politique.

This fully updated, go-to treatise explores the historical evolution and contemporary operation of international law. Still direct and incisive, it offers an accessible and yet nuanced text for a variety of audiences, including university and law school students, practitioners, researchers, and others who want to know what international law is and what it does in the twenty-first century. The fifth edition weaves in-depth considerations of key cases, core disputes, and essential international agreements into a broad overview of all important aspects of the subject. Readers will find an authoritative discussion of traditional topics such as the sources of international law and the methods of international dispute resolution alongside consideration of pressing issues such as cross-border cyberattacks, climate change, and contemporary challenges to the international legal order. As a new feature, each chapter is followed by questions for discussion, in addition to up-to-date suggestions for further reading.

Despite their exponential growth in number and activities, there is not an established legal concept of an international organization. This book tackles the topic by examining the nature of the legal systems developed by international organizations. It is the first comprehensive study of the concepts by which international organizations'legal systems are commonly understood: functionalism, constitutionalism, exceptionalism, and informalism. Its purpose is threefold: to trace the historical origins of the different concepts of an international organization, to describe four groups under which these different notions can be aligned, and to propose a theory which defines international organizations as'dual entities'. The concept of an international organization is defined by looking at the nature of the legal systems they develop. The notion of'dual legal nature'describes how organizations create particular legal systems that derive from international law. This situation affects the law they produce, which is international and internal at the same time. The effects of the dual legal nature are considered by analysing international responsibility, the law of treaties, and the validity of organizations'acts.

This thought-provoking book addresses the legal questions raised by the nexus between the rule of law and areas of limited statehood, in which the State lacks the ability to exercise the full depth of its governmental authority. Working from an international law perspective, it examines the implications of limited statehood for the traditional State-based framing of the international legal order.Featuring original contributions written by renowned international scholars, chapters investigate key issues arising at the junction between domestic and international rule of law and areas of limited statehood, as well as the alternative modes of governance that develop therein, both with and without the approval of the State. Contributors discuss the impact of contested sovereignty on the rule of law, international responsibility with regard to rebel governance in these areas, and the consequences of limited statehood for international peace and security.This book will be useful for students and scholars of international law and international relations, particularly those working on sovereignty and statehood, non-state actors, State responsibility, and the rule of law. It will also appeal to practitioners and policy-makers working in these same fields in either State or global governance apparatus.

This revised and expanded edition of the Research Handbook on International Law and Cyberspace brings together leading scholars and practitioners to examine how international legal rules, concepts and principles apply to cyberspace and the activities occurring within it. In doing so, contributors highlight the difficulties in applying international law to cyberspace, assess the regulatory efficacy of these rules and, where necessary, suggest adjustments and revisions.More specifically, contributors explore the application of general concepts and principles to cyberspace such as those of sovereignty, power, norms, non-intervention, jurisdiction, State responsibility, human rights, individual criminal responsibility and international investment law and arbitration. Contributors also examine how international law applies to cyber terrorism, cyber espionage, cyber crime, cyber attacks and cyber war as well as the meaning of cyber operations, cyber deterrence and the ethics of cyber operations. In addition, contributors consider how international and regional institutions such as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO and Asia-Pacific institutions and States such as China and Russia approach cyber security and regulation.This Research Handbook is an essential resource for scholars of international law, international relations and public and private law as well as for legal practitioners and policymakers.

This book deals with two areas: Global Commons and Security: inextricably melted together and more relevant than ever in a world which is ever globalized and… with an incognita looming on the horizon: the effects of the Coronavirus pandemic upon the International Relations and globalization. Global Commons have always been relevant. It was Mahan who argued that the first and most obvious light in which the sea presents itself from the political and social point of view, is that of a great highway; or better, perhaps, of a wide common… Nowadays, this view has been further developed and, in addition to the unique legal implications that the Global Commons introduce, they are viewed, more and more intently, as a common pool of resources. Or perhaps, not that common… Resources, the key word! Which has to be always supplemented by two key words: access and security. And still, another one: data, the cyberspace contribution to the equation.