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Although the interest in the concept of partitivity has continuously increased in the last decades and has given rise to considerable advances in research, the fine-grained morpho-syntactic and semantic variation displayed by partitive elements across European languages is far from being well-described, let alone well-understood. There are two main obstacles to this: on the one hand, theoretical linguistics and typological linguistics are fragmented in different methodological approaches that hinder the full sharing of cross-theoretic advances; on the other hand, partitive elements have been analyzed in restricted linguistic environments, which would benefit from a broader perspective. The aim of the PARTE project, from which this volume stems, is precisely to bring together linguists of different theoretical approaches using different methodologies to address this notion in its many facets.This volume focuses on Partitive Determiners, Partitive Pronouns and Partitive Case in European languages, their emergence and spread in diachrony, their acquisition by L2 speakers, and their syntax and interpretation. The volume is the first to provide such an encompassing insight into the notion of partitivity.

This two-volume work contains a selection of papers first presented at the 22nd International Colloquium on Latin Linguistics, held in Prague (2023). The papers address important issues in Latin linguistics with a variety of theoretical and methodological approaches. The first volume ('Word') contains texts concerning Latin phonology, etymology, flexion and derivation, and lexical semantics, both with respect to individual words and to entire word classes. Both diachronic and synchronic perspectives are employed in the discussion of the various issues. The second volume ('Clause and Discourse') includes papers dealing with issues of syntax and semantics, and with the structure of texts and pragmatic aspects. One of the subchapters, entitled'Conversation and Dialogue', contains papers presented at the conference in a separate workshop of the same name, linked by a common methodological framework of'Conversation Analysis'. This book provides essential texts for researchers in the field of Latin linguistics and may also be of use to linguists who work primarily with other languages.

The Manual of Galician Linguistics provides a comprehensive and accessible overview of the current situation of the Galician language and introduces its readers to the most important topics of current linguistic research on Galician. Thevolume includes chapters covering diachronic and synchronic descriptions of all main areas of language structure (phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and lexicology), as well chapters on social and regional variation, language contact, sociolinguistics, language variation and other interesting areas of linguistic research. Rich in descriptive details and grounded in modern linguistic theory, this manual will be an essential research tool for students and researchers who are interested in the Galician language and in Romance linguistics. The preparation of this work has been partially funded through grants from the Ministerio de Cultura of the Government of Spain to the Instituto da Lingua Galega, and from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade of the Xunta de Galicia to the research group Filoloxía e Lingüística Galega of the Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (ED431C 2021/20).

The IJBF is the only regularly published, truly international, Festschrift bibliography. Since 1983, more than 920,000 articles from more than 41,000 Festschriften, published between 1977 and 2022, have been catalogued.

Unfinishedness and incompleteness are a central feature of ancient Greek and Roman literature that has often been taken for granted but not deeply examined; many texts have been transmitted to us incomplete. How and to what extent has this feature of many texts influenced their aesthetic perception and interpretation, and how does it still influence them today? Also, how do various editorial arrangements of fragmentary texts influence the reconstruction of closure? These important questions offer the opportunity to bring together specialists working on Greek and Roman texts across various genres: epic, tragedy, poetry, mythographic texts, rhetorical texts, philosophical treatises, and the novel. Reading a text by focusing on its current unfinishedness or incompleteness, or the textual signs suggesting an unfinished or incomplete state, the contributors examine the relations between author, reader and text as underscored by the verbal, generic and aesthetic features of each work. This edited volume brings together a broad spectrum of approaches to ancient and modern texts and aims to reach out to a broad scholarly community consisting not only of Classicists but also scholars of other literature and aesthetics.

Seit über hundert Jahren ihrer Institutionalisierung ermöglichen Kulturwissenschaften oder cultural studies und Semiotik durch die Anschlussfähigkeit ihrer Theorien und Methoden eine inter- und transdisziplinäre Forschungspraxis, sichtbar heute etwa an den von Semiotik und Naturkulturwissenschaften oder naturalcultural studies geteilten Forschungsthemen. Die im Band versammelten Beiträge setzen Wegpunkte zu einer systematischen Kartierung der Vielfalt und Geschichte des Austauschs der Terminologien und Modelle zwischen cultural studies oder Kulturwissenschaften und Semiotik und verzeichnen epistemologische Vorteile einer fortschreitenden Zusammenführung für künftige Forschung und als Aufgabe einer kritischen Methodologie.

Dieser Begleitband zur neuen Teubnerausgabe der spätantiken Prosakomödie Aulularia sive Querolus vereint Prolegomena und einen sowohl textkritischen als auch sprachlich-inhaltlichen Kommentar. Damit liegt erstmals ein ausführlicher moderner Kommentar zu diesem Stück vor. Die Prolegomena sind in zwei Teile untergliedert. Im ersten Teil wird das Stück in seine Entstehungskontexte sowie sein geistes- und literaturgeschichtliches Umfeld eingeordnet. Dabei wird dargelegt, dass der Querolus entgegen der Lehrmeinung christlich geprägt ist. Zudem werden die sprachlichen, stilistischen und rhythmischen Eigenheiten des Texts herausgearbeitet. Der zweite Teil umfasst überlieferungsgeschichtliche Untersuchungen, auf denen das neue, zweispaltige Stemma aufbaut, das der Edition zugrunde liegt. Der ausführliche Kommentar erhellt sprachliche und inhaltliche Besonderheiten und Schwierigkeiten. Zudem begründet er die editorischen Entscheidungen und die Textkonstitution der Teubneriana.

Word classes are linguistic categories serving as basis in the description of the vocabulary and grammar of natural languages. While important publications are regularly devoted to their definition, identification, and classification, in the field of Romance linguistics we lack a comprehensive, state-of-the-art overview of the current research. This Manual offers an updated and detailed discussion of all relevant aspects related to word classes in the Romance languages. In the first part, word classes are discussed from both a theoretical and historical point of view. The second part of the volume takes as its point of departure single word classes, described transversally in all the main Romance languages, while the third observes the relevant word classes from the point of view of specific Romance(-based) varieties. The fourth part explores Romance word classes at the interface of grammar and other fields of research. The Manual is intended as a reference work for all scholars and students interested in the description of both the standard, major Romance languages and the smaller, lesser described Romance(-based) varieties.

The dictionary example is the culminating component of the information presented in articles of dictionaries intended for language learning. This study analyses the example comprehensively: its provenance, its theoretical status, its distinction from multiword lexical units (to be presented as infralemmas), types and specific functions. The example not only illustrates the data provided by the definition, the equivalent, the grammatical, collocational and pragmatic items, but also provides valuable complementary information on the use of each lexical unit described. Examples are models with which users can form other sentences but are also instantiations of the language that escape systematicity and reflect unpredictable but real uses. Theoretical reflection on the theory of the example (with special emphasis on the bilingual), analysis of how (especially bilingual) dictionaries present examples and what kind of information each type of example provides can assist lexicographers in planning their dictionaries and making theoretically based choices when it comes to the selection and presentation of examples.

Von der Antike und der Spätantike bis ins Mittelalter und in die Neuzeit stellt die Kommentierung der aristotelischen Schriften eine der fundamentalen Formen philosophischer Tätigkeit dar. In diesem Sammelband werden wesentliche Etappen der griechischen Kommentartradition zu den Schriften des Aristoteles sowie ihre philosophische und kulturgeschichtliche Bedeutung an ausgewählten Beispielen analysiert und interpretiert. Die Autorinnen und Autoren setzen sich dabei sowohl mit den Manuskripten und der Überlieferung einzelner Schriften als auch mit der Rezeption und Weiterentwicklung der Aristotelischen Philosophie auseinander. Der Kernbestand der hier versammelten Beiträge geht auf die dreitägige internationale Konferenz „Aristoteles-Kommentare und ihre Überlieferung in Spätantike, Mittelalter und Renaissance'(26.–28.10.2017) zurück, die dank der Förderung der Karl und Gertrud Abel-Stiftung an der Universität Hamburg am Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures stattgefunden hat.

Plusieurs ouvrages de synthèse sur les langues romanes tels que le Lexikon der romanistischen Linguistik ou l'Oxford Guide to the Romance Languages comportent une section sur l'occitan, mais on ne disposait pas, jusqu'à présent, d'un ouvrage traitant spécifiquement, de façon détaillée et approfondie, de la langue et de la linguistique occitanes.Le Manuel de linguistique occitane vient combler ce manque. Il offre une vue d'ensemble incluant les recherches les plus récentes et propose une série de contributions consacrées aussi bien à la diachronie qu'à la description synchronique de la langue, à la variation diatopique, aux questions de sociolinguistique, d'aménagement et d'équipement linguistique, à l'enseignement et à la pédagogie de l'occitan.L'ouvrage comprend 26 chapitres regroupés en sept parties : La place de l'occitan dans la Romania. L'occitan comme objet d'étude. Diachronie. Description synchronique interne. Géographie de l'occitan. Ressources linguistiques. Aspects sociétaux.Ce manuel constitue un ouvrage de référence pour quiconque s'intéresse à la linguistique occitane et romane, il s'adresse aussi bien à des étudiants qu'à des enseignants ou à des chercheurs confirmés.

With more than two thousand languages spread over its territory, multilingualism is a common reality in Africa. The main official languages of most African countries are Indo-European, in many instances Romance. As they were primarily brought to Africa in the era of colonization, the areas discussed in this volume are thirty-five states that were once ruled by Belgium, France, Italy, Portugal, or Spain, and the African regions still belonging to three of them. Twenty-six states are presented in relation to French, four to Italian, six to Portuguese, and two to Spanish. They are considered in separate chapters according to their sociolinguistic situation, linguistic history, external language policy, linguistic characteristics, and internal language policy. The result is a comprehensive overview of the Romance languages in modern-day Africa. It follows a coherent structure, offers linguistic and sociolinguistic information, and illustrates language contact situations, power relations, as well as the cross-fertilization and mutual enrichment emerging from the interplay of languages and cultures in Africa.

This volume of essays in honor of Lucia Athanassaki offers a great variety of chapters on a number of topics in Greek and Latin literature and genres, from Greek epic and lyric poetry to Greek drama and late antiquity, Greek historiography, and Latin lyric poetry.

Research on left periphery phenomena has increased in the last 20 years, resulting in consistent studies from a wide range of languages and a fruitful debate on the functional projections within the CP system. Throughout these years, important contributions have been made on Brazilian Portuguese, especially on wh-interrogative sentences, focalization, topicalization and relative clauses. As for exclamative and imperative sentences, however, there is a considerable research gap in all grammatical levels. Regarding interrogatives, semantic and prosodic studies are still lacking (as well as research on the acquisition and processing of these constructions). This collected volume fills some of those gaps, gathering studies on wh-exclamatives, imperatives and wh-questions in Brazilian Portuguese which approach syntactical, semantical and prosodic aspects of these constructions through a rich and yet unregistered set of data. They also deliver novel acquisition and diachronic data that will further both the comprehension of Brazilian Portuguese grammar and the ongoing discussions on left periphery phenomena.

Das Ständesystem der mittelpersischen zoroastrischen Texte wird oft als reine Übernahme eines avestischen Vorbildes gedeutet. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigt die Untersuchung, wie zoroastrische religiöse Spezialisten in der Sāsānidenzeit begannen, kreativ ältere Vorlagen in ein neues System der Identititätstypen zu integrieren. Damit reagierten sie nicht nur auf die immer komplexer werdende sāsānidische Gesellschaft, sondern schufen auch ein heuristisches System, dass es ihnen erlaubte, verschiedenste Aspekte der Realität in eine universelle Ordnung zu integrieren. Anhand etlicher mittelpersischer Primärquellen wird dieser Prozess nachgezeichnet und mit dem sozialen Denken der manichäischen Quellen verglichen. Ausgehend von einer theoretischen Diskussion des Identitätsbegriffs wird die Entstehung des Ständesystems durch eine umfassende Darstellung der sāsānidischen Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte kontextualisiert. Seine Kombination aus historischer Darstellung, umfassender Quellenarbeit und religionsökonomischen Überlegungen machen das Buch sowohl für Religionswissenschaftlicher/-innen als auch Historiker/-innen, Islamwissenschaftler/-innen und Iranist/-innen interessant.

This is the third volume in the series of commentaries on Early Greek Epic Fragments (EGEF III). It contains introduction, text, translation, and commentary on the Herakleia by Panyassis of Halikarnassos and on the Theseis. Two other volumes have been already published (EGEF I: Genealogical and Antiquarian Epic, De Gruyter 2017; EGEF II: Epics on Herakles: Kreophylos and Peisandros, De Gruyter 2022) and one more is to follow (EGEF IV: The Persika by Choerilos of Samos). This sub-series within TCSV aims to provide scholars and students with up-to-date commentaries on the extant fragments of early Greek epic that have not received, contrary to Cyclic epic, the attention they deserve.

The contributions in the edited volume deal with different aspects of language contact which were hitherto not or not sufficiently considered in linguistic research. The impact of the colonial languages Polish and German on the structures of the written varieties of Latvian is surveyed and compared. The opposite case – the impact of indigenous languages of Nigeria and Ghana on the colonial language English – is scrutinized from the perspective of the nexus of language and culture. Language contact in a diasporic context is examined in the case study on Jordanian Chechen. The effects of language contact on the lexicon and grammar of Basque are analyzed. In the in-depth study on Maltese adpositions, the influence of the contact language Italian is a central theme. The morphosyntax of place names is analyzed for the contact languages which typically arise in colonial contexts – Pidgins and Creoles. In the typological study dealing with areal phonology, languages of Europe are investigated revealing that the role of language contact is crucial for the distribution of phonological phenomena. The novel nature and new strands of research in the contributions call for further investigations and form a new component in language-contact theory.

This book examines the Romanian mihi est construction (Mi-e foame/frică, me.dat = is hunger/fear ‘I am hungry/ afraid'). While it disappeared from all other Romance languages to be replaced with a habeo structure, the mihi est pattern is in Romanian the most common way of expressing psychological or physiological states. By means of synchronic and diachronic corpus studies, the book investigates the status of the core arguments of the mihi est structure, i.e. the dative experiencer and the nominative state noun, as well as its evolution throughout the centuries. The data analysis reveals that the dative experiencer syntactically behaves like nominative subjects, whereas the state noun shows predicate behavior. As for the evolution of the mihi est structure, the analysis shows a certain tendency toward innovation, since in present-day Romanian it can coerce nouns coming from other semantic fields into the construction's psychological or physiological interpretation. Could this be another unique trait of Romanian, which causes it to seemingly go against the tendency of most Romance languages toward canonical marking of core arguments?

Systeme zur Referenz auf Personen sind in den meisten deutschen Dialekten komplexer als im Standard. So werden in gut vernetzten dörflichen Sprechgemeinschaften zusätzlich zur offiziellen Abfolge im Gesamtnamen (Rufname Familienname) Strukturen mit vorangestellten Familiennamen verwendet (die Müller Anna bzw. (s) Müllers Anna), Sie enthalten Reste ehemaliger Genitivflexion und stellen eine der letzten Domänen des Genitivs in deutschen Dialekten dar. Diese Monografie befasst sich mit der strukturellen und soziopragmatischen Variation in der Abfolge von Ruf- und Familienname großflächig sowie in Einzeldialektstudien mithilfe von syn- und diachronen Daten. Dabei bedient sich die Untersuchung eines Mixed Methods-Ansatzes aus direkten und indirekten Erhebungsmethoden. Auf struktureller Ebene werden morphosyntaktische Besonderheiten und Entwicklungstendenzen in Arealen und einzelnen Dialektsystemen analysiert. Mithilfe von Fragebogendaten werden soziolinguistische Steuerungsfaktoren für die beiden Abfolgen herausgearbeitet. Referenztheoretische sowie kulturhistorische Perspektiven auf vorangestellte Familiennamen tragen zur Erklärung des Genitiverhalts bei. Auf der Basis von Fokusgruppeninterviews werden Verwendungskontexte der Familiennamenvoranstellung untersucht. Somit leistet die Arbeit einen Beitrag zur Etablierung geeigneter empirischer Methoden zur Erhebung dialektpragmatischer Phänomene.

Während die Mhd. Grammatik von Hermann Paul seit der 20. Auflage (1969) und die Frühneuhochdeutsche Grammatik (1993) – beide in der Reihe „Sammlung kurzer Grammatiken germanischer Dialekte“ publiziert – einen Syntaxteil enthalten, erschien in Ergänzung zur „Althochdeutschen Grammatik I“ erstmals 2004 ein Teil II „Syntax“ von Richard Schrodt, der stark theoretisch geprägt und weniger an einer strukturierten Dokumentation des Materials interessiert war. Die nun vorliegende Neufassung ist im Einklang mit der Zielrichtung der Reihe dagegen stärker materialbezogen. Die Grundstrukturen des Althochdeutschen werden materialbasiert dargestellt. – Die Darstellung beginnt bei den Kasusfunktionen, dokumentiert die elementaren Satzbaupläne auf der Grundlage der Valenzgrammatik. Es folgt eine strukturierte Darstellung des Aufbaus der Nominal- und Verbalphrase, der Satzarten, der Satzfelder (Satzklammer), der Para- und Hypotaxe, der verschiedenen Nebensatzarten und der Negation. Die syntaktischen Strukturen werden, soweit möglich, aus allen Quellengattungen des gesamten althochdeutschen Zeitraums (8. bis 11. Jahrhundert) unter Einschluss des Glossenmaterials belegt. Band I und Band II der Althochdeutschen Grammatik sind auch als Set erhältlich.

The renowned Basler Homer-Kommentar of the Iliad, edited by Anton Bierl and Joachim Latacz and originally published in German, presents the latest developments in Homeric scholarship. Through the English translation of this ground-breaking reference work, edited by S. Douglas Olson, its valuable findings are now made accessible to students and scholars worldwide.

In der Reihe CICERO – Studies on Roman Thought and Its Reception erscheinen Monographien, Sammelbände, Editionen oder Kommentare zu allen Aspekten der römischen Philosophie, Geschichte, Rhetorik, Politik, Rechts- und Kulturgeschichte sowie deren Rezeption, einschließlich der Patristik und christlichen Philosophie. M. Tullius Cicero, der Namensgeber der Reihe, steht mit seinem Wirken nicht nur als Politiker, sondern auch als Redner und Philosoph für die thematische Vielseitigkeit und Interdisziplinarität dieses Publikationsorgans. Die Basler Stiftung Patrum Lumen Sustine ist die herausgebende Institution der einem Peer-Review-Prozess unterliegenden Reihe, die wissenschaftliche Aufsicht liegt bei der Société Internationale des Amis de Cicéron (SIAC, Paris). Reihenherausgeber Ermanno Malaspina Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Mireille Armisen-Marchetti, Francesca Romana Berno, Carmen Codoner, Perrine Galand, Henriette Harich-Schwarzbauer, Robert Kaster, David Konstan, Carlos Lévy, Sabine Luciani, Rita Pierini, Mortimer Sellers, Jula Wildberger Redaktion (für Fragen und/oder Einreichungen von Manuskripten) Veronica Revello (cicero_siac_deg@tulliana.eu)

Im vorderasiastisch-arabischen Raum gibt es keine Marmorvorkommen. Syrien, eine der reichsten kaiserlichen Provinzen des Römischen Reiches, hat diesen Mangel durch Importe aus dem Mittelmeerraum kompensiert, sei es in Form ausgearbeiteter Marmorskulpturen, sei es durch Halbfabrikate bzw. Rohlinge, die erst im Lande ihre künstlerische Gestaltung erfuhren. Es fehlte bisher an einer adäquaten Vorlage der Denkmäler. Diese sind für die Klärung des Transfers griechisch-römischer Bildmotive in die lokal-orientalische Kunst jedoch von grundlegender Relevanz. Mit der Rezeption gingen zugleich neue Bedeutungszuweisungen und formale Transformationen einher, die jeweils eine eingehende Betrachtung verlangen.Die hier vorliegenden Ergebnisse resultieren aus einer Vielzahl von Analysen, die die Skulpturen nach gegenständlichen, typologischen, ikonographischen und stilistischen Gesichtspunkten diskutieren und sie soweit wie möglich kontextualisieren. Es entsteht ein fundiertes Bild über die zeitliche und örtliche Verteilung der Marmorskulpturen in jenen Städten, die sich selber gerne als „griechisch“ bezeichneten. Zugleich kommt das doch hohe Maß an kultureller Diversität zum Tragen, am stärksten sichtbar in kultischen Zusammenhängen.Die von den Herausgebern und 16 weiteren Autoren erarbeitete Publikation versammelt die Ergebnisse mehrjähriger, durch die Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft geförderter Untersuchungen zu den bis heute ermittelten griechischen und römischen Rundskulpturen aus dem Großraum Syrien. Der als Katalog gestaltete Text ist entsprechend der Fundorte der Werke nach Regionen und innerhalb dieser nach Städten gegliedert. Nahezu alle Denkmäler sind im Tafelband mit bis zu vier Fotografien dokumentiert.

The Bibliotheca of Pseudo-Apollodorus, perhaps the best-known mythographic text, stands out for its comprehensive aim and state of preservation. The handbook has regularly been disregarded as a repository of'standard'myths or as a primary witness to archaic stories, a reductive view at once underestimating and romanticizing the merits of the Bibliotheca. This monograph unlocks the Bibliotheca as a literary work in its own right by offering the first systematic commentary on an essential selection, the Cretan and Theban myths in Bibl. III.1-56, and by presenting an in-depth analysis of the text. In so doing, this volume closes a gap in current research, from which a philological commentary is entirely missing. The main part of the study focuses on various aspects of composition and organization by addressing structuring principles, narratorial interventions, and the author's method and sources. It lays to rest persistent misconceptions about the representative character of the Bibliotheca's myths, the author's merits, and his source use, all of which have divided the scholarship to this date. In addition, it provides an update on the author, date, purpose and readership, text history, and book division of the Bibliotheca.

The IJBF is the only regularly published, truly international, Festschrift bibliography. Since 1983, more than 900,000 articles from more than 40,000 Festschriften, published between 1977 and 2021, have been catalogued.

The long felt absence of a trustworthy critical edition of Philostratus'Life of Apollonius of Tyana has been remedied by the publication of the new Teubner edition of this text, published in 2022. In the preface to the edition the publication of a companion volume was announced. This book fulfils this promise. After an introduction dealing with the transmission of the text and with Philostratus'Greek there follows an extensive series of critical notes in which a large number of editorial choices are explained. In these notes much attention is paid both to the morphological and syntactic peculiarities of Greek of the Imperial period in general and to the idiosyncratic syntax employed by Philostratus in particular. The notes deal with every aspect of the text, ranging from the use of particles and word order to moods and tenses, and containing ample discussions of conjectures and interpretations of earlier scholars. This book is an indispensable working tool for scholars using the new Teubner edition of the Life of Apollonius. It also caters for the needs of students of Greek language and literature in general, and especially of those interested in the Second Sophistic and the works of Flavius Philostratus.

This ambitious study of all proper names in the Chanson de Roland is based for the first time on a systematic survey of the whole geographical and historical literature from antiquity to after 1100 for the Geographica, and on working through (almost) the entire documentary tradition of France and its neighbouring regions from 778 to the early 12th century for the personal names. The overall result is clear: the surviving song is more tightly and profoundly structured, even in smaller scenes, than generally assumed, it is also richer in depicting reality, and it has a very long prehistory, which can be traced in outline, albeit with decreasing certainty, (almost) back to the Frankish defeat of 778. Here are some individual results: for the first time, a detailed (and ultimately simple!) explanation not only of the ‘pagan'catalogue of peoples, but also of the overarching structure of Baligant's empire, the organisation of North Africa, the corpus of the Twelve Anti-Pairs as well as the ‘pagan'gods are given, and individual names such as Bramimunde and Jurfaret, toponyms such as Marbrise and Marbrose are explained. From Roland's Spanish conquests (v. 196–200), the course of the elapsed set anz toz pleins is reconstructed. Even the names of the weapons prove to be a small structured group, in that they are very discreetly adapted to their respective ‘pagan'or Christian owner. On the Christian side, the small list of relics in Roland's sword is also carefully devised, not least in what is left out: a relic of the Lord; this is reserved for Charlemagne's Joiuse. The author explains for example, why from the archangel triad only Michael and Gabriel descend to the dying Roland, whereas ‘the'angel Cherubin descends in Rafael's place. Munjoie requires extensive discussion, because here a (hitherto insufficiently recorded) toponym has been secondarily charged by the poet with traditional theological associations. The term Ter(e) major is attested for the first time in reality, namely in the late 11th century in Norman usage. For the core of France, the fourth cornerstone – along with Besançon, Wissant and Mont-Saint-Michel – is Xanten, and its centre is Aachen. The poet's artful equilibration of Charles's ten eschieles and their leaders is traced. The'Capetian barrier'emerges as a basic fact of epic geography. Approximatively, the last quarter of the study is devoted to the prehistory of the song, going backwards in time: still quite clearly visible is an Angevin Song of Roland from around 1050, in which Marsilĭe, Olivier, Roland, Ganelon, Turpin and Naimes already have roles similar to those in the preserved Song. Behind it, between about 970 and shortly after 1000, is the Girart de Vienne from the Middle Rhône, already recognised by Aebischer, with the newly invented Olivier contra Roland. Finally, in faint outlines, an oldest attainable, also Middle Rhône adaptation of the Roland material from shortly after 870 emerges. For the Chanson de Roland, Gaston Paris and Joseph Bédier were thus each right on the main point that was close to their hearts: the surviving song has both the thoroughly sophisticated structure of great art that Bédier recognised in it, and the imposingly long prehistory that Paris conjectured.

The book series Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie, founded by Gustav Gröber in 1905, is among the most renowned publications in Romance Studies. It covers the entire field of Romance linguistics, including the national languages as well as the lesser studied Romance languages. The editors welcome submissions of high-quality monographs and collected volumes on all areas of linguistic research, on medieval literature and on textual criticism. The publication languages of the series are French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian as well as German and English. Each collected volume should be as uniform as possible in its contents and in the choice of languages.

Nachdem im Jahre 56 v. Chr. auf der Konferenz von Luca das Triumvirat von Caesar, Pompeius und Crassus bekräftigt worden war, verteidigte Cicero in demselben Jahr – womöglich auf Drängen der Triumvirn hin – den spanischen Provinzialen Lucius Cornelius Balbus, dem das römische Bürgerrecht verliehen worden war, gegen eine Anklage, die den bürgerrechtlichen Status des Balbus für illegitim erklärte. Die Verteidigungsrede Ciceros ist neben derjenigen für den Dichter Archias eines der wichtigsten Dokumente für die Fragen und Diskussionen bezüglich der Bürgerrechtsverleihung in spätrepublikanischer Zeit. Daneben legt die Rede aufgrund der Behandlung von Fragen über außerordentliche Befugnisse für Feldherren aber auch beredtes Zeugnis ab für den sich andeutenden politischen Paradigmenwechsel und damit auch für die Agonie der römischen Republik, deren Ende einige Jahre später besiegelt sein sollte. Dieser in erster Linie philologische Kommentar behandelt daher neben grammatischen, rhetorisch-stilistischen sowie textkritischen Fragen auch historische, vor allem rechtshistorische Probleme. Die vergleichsweise wenig beachtete Rede Pro Balbo findet dadurch vielleicht ein Forum für eine intensivere Rezeption und Behandlung in den Altertumswissenschaften.

Hannah M Cotton's collected papers focus on questions which have fascinated her for over four decades: the concrete relationships between law, language, administration and everyday life in Judaea and Nabataea in particular, and in the Roman world as a whole. Many of the papers, especially those devoted to the Judean Desert documents of the 2nd century CE have been widely cited. Others, having appeared in less accessible publications, may not have received the attention they deserve. On the whole, rather than addressing the grand narratives of world or national history, they look at the texture of life, seeking to provide tentative answers to historical questions and interpretations by paying fine attention to the details of literary and, especially, documentary evidence. Taken together they illuminate fundamental, often legal, questions concerning daily life and the exercise of Roman rule and administration in the early imperial period, and especially, their impact on life as it was lived in the province and the period where Roman and Jewish history fatefully intersected. The volume includes a complete bibliography of her publications.

Nuclear chemistry represents a vital fi eld of basic and applied research. This Volume 1 Nuclear- and Radiochemistry: Introduction describes the relevant parameters of stable and unstable atomic nuclei, the various modes of radioactive transformations, the corresponding types of radiation, and fi nally the mechanisms of nuclear reactions. The 2nd edition has updated the chapters throughout with additional material. The reader is also referred to the new edition of Volume 2 Nuclear- and Radiochemistry: Modern Applications.

Der Ereck Hartmanns von Aue liegt für den akademischen Unterricht bislang ausschließlich in Editionen vor, die vergeblich beanspruchen, mithilfe zahlreicher Konjekturen einen Autortext des 12. Jhs. zu rekonstruieren. Dabei ist der Roman abgesehen von vier Fragmenten nur in einer einzigen Handschrift vom Anfang des 16. Jhs., dem'Ambraser Heldenbuch', annähernd vollständig überliefert. Nur dieser von Hans Ried im Auftrag Kaiser Maximilians I. abgefasste Text kann die Grundlage einer verlässlichen Studienausgabe darstellen. Die vorliegende Studienausgabe mit philologischem Kommentar und moderner neuhochdeutscher Übersetzung bietet nicht nur den Ambraser Text, sondern sämtliche Überlieferungszeugen des ersten deutschsprachigen Artusromans im Paralleldruck und verzichtet aufgrund ihrer Handschriftennähe dabei weitgehend auf Konjekturen. Damit ist diese verbesserte Neuauflage der textgeschichtlichen Edition von 2017 bestens für den akademischen Unterricht geeignet, der die aktuellen textphilologischen und kulturwissenschaftlichen Diskussionen der mediävistischen Literaturwissenschaft zum Ereck berücksichtigen möchte. „Dass hier verspätet geschieht, was die germanistische Editorik längst hätte in Angriff nehmen müssen, liegt meines Erachtens auf der Hand. Den Herausgebern gebührt daher bereits durch ihre Initiative aller Dank'(Martin Baisch).

Die im Jahre 1905 von Gustav Gröber ins Leben gerufene Reihe der Beihefte zur Zeitschrift für romanische Philologie zählt zu den renommiertesten Fachpublikationen der Romanistik. Die Beihefte pflegen ein gesamtromanisches Profil, das neben den Nationalsprachen auch die weniger im Fokus stehenden romanischen Sprachen mit einschließt. Zur Begutachtung können eingereicht werden: Monographien und Sammelbände zur Sprachwissenschaft in ihrer ganzen Breite, zur mediävistischen Literaturwissenschaft und zur Editionsphilologie. Mögliche Publikationssprachen sind Französisch, Spanisch, Portugiesisch, Italienisch und Rumänisch sowie Deutsch und Englisch. Sammelbände sollten thematisch und sprachlich in sich möglichst einheitlich gehalten sein.

Traditional semantic description of Ancient Greek prepositions has struggled to synthesize the varied and seemingly arbitrary uses into something other than a disparate, sometimes overlapping list of senses. The Cognitive Linguistic approach of prototype theory holds that the meanings of a preposition are better explained as a semantic network of related senses that radially extend from a primary, spatial sense. These radial extensions arise from contextual factors that affect the metaphorical representation of the spatial scene that is profiled. Building upon the Cognitive Linguistic descriptions of Bortone (2009) and Luraghi (2009), linguists, biblical scholars, and Greek lexicographers apply these developments to offer more in-depth descriptions of select postclassical Greek prepositions and consider the exegetical and lexicographical implications of these findings. This volume will be of interest to those studying or researching the Greek of the New Testament seeking more linguistically-informed description of prepositional semantics, particularly with a focus on the exegetical implications of choice among seemingly similar prepositions in Greek and the challenges of potentially mismatched translation into English.

Der Phrasemtyp der halbschematischen Phrasem-Konstruktionen eignet sich in hohem Maße – sowohl aufgrund seiner Flexibilität in der Slotbesetzung als auch wegen seiner graduellen Schematizität bzw. Produktivität – für konstruktionsgrammatische Studien, was in der bisherigen Forschung leider kaum wahrgenommen wurde. Andererseits ist die kontrastive Perspektive zwischen dem Deutschen und den romanischen Sprachen in der Konstruktionsgrammatik bis heute auf wenig Aufmerksamkeit gestoßen. In diesem Zusammenhang will der Band dazu beitragen, den defizitären Stand der Phraseologieforschung im Zusammenhang mit der Konstruktionsgrammatik zu verbessern und neue Impulse für die Untersuchung der Phrasem-Konstruktionen sowohl aus intra- als auch aus interlingualer Perspektive zu schaffen. Diesem Ziel Rechnung tragend, werden im Sammelband verschiedenartige Phrasem-Konstruktionen sowohl monolingual (im Deutschen und Spanischen) als auch bi- und multilingual im Deutschen, Englischen, Italienischen, Russischen, Spanischen und Ungarischen näher erläutert und größtenteils korpusbasiert beschrieben. Der Sammelband erweist sich besonders nützlich für Germanisten/-innen und allgemein für Interessierte an der Phraseologie und Konstruktionsgrammatik.

WSK Formenlehre ist ein alphabetisches bilingualisiertes Fachwörterbuch, das zum Wörterbuchtyp des fachlichen Lern- und Konsultationswörterbuchs gehört und als Teilband zusammen mit WSK Syntax den WSK-Doppelband Grammatik bildet. WSK Formenlehre enthält über 2000 Fachwörterbuchartikel, die von Experten in den jeweiligen Themengebieten der Formenlehre verfasst sind. Das Fachwörterbuch kann auch als Einführung in das Fachgebiet Grammatik eingesetzt werden, weil die Systematische Einführung einen guten Einstieg in das Fach bietet und mit den Wörterbuchartikeln verknüpft ist. Zahlreiche Register ermöglichen verschiedene Zugriffsmöglichkeiten auf den Einführungstext und die Wörterbuchartikel.Die Adressaten sind die Studierenden und Lehrenden der philologischen und linguistischen Fächer im In- und Ausland sowie sämtliche am Fachgebiet der Grammatik interessierten Personen. Die Wörterbuchartikel sind bei einem besseren Verstehen von Fachtexten behilflich, unterstützen das Informationsbedürfnis im Fachgebiet und helfen bei der Übersetzung von Fachtermini und Fachwissen.

Literary theory flourished in Central and Eastern Europe throughout the twentieth century, but its relation to Western literary scholarship is complex. This book sheds light on the entangled histories of exchange and influence both within the region known as Central and Eastern Europe, and between the region and the West. The exchange of ideas between scholars in the East and West was facilitated by both personal and institutional relations, both official and informal encounters. For the longest time, however, intellectual exchange was thwarted by political tensions that led to large parts of Central and Eastern Europe being isolated from the West. A few literary theories nevertheless made it into Western scholarly discourses via exiled scholars. Some of these scholars, such as Mikhail Bakhtin, become widely known in the West and their thought was transposed onto new, Western cultural contexts; others, such as Ol'ga Freidenberg, were barely noticed outside of Russian and Poland. This volume draws attention to the schools, circles, and concepts that shaped the development of theory in Central and Eastern Europe as well as the histoire croisée – the history of translations, transformations, and migrations – that conditioned its relationship with the West.

With concern to Greek literature and particularly to 5th c. BCE tragic production, papyri provide us usually with not only the most ancient attestation but also the most reliable one. Much more so when the papyri are the only or the main witnesses of the tragic plays. The misfortune is that the papyri transmit texts incomplete, fragmentary, and almost always anonymous. It is the scholar's task to read, supplement, interpret and identify the particular texts. In this book, five Greek plays that survived fragmentarily in papyri are published, four by Aeschylus and one by Sophocles. Three of them are satyr plays: Aeschylus'Theoroi, Hypsipyle, and Prometheus Pyrkaeus; Sophocles'Inachos belongs to the genre we use to call ‘prosatyric'; Aeschylus'Laïos is a typical tragedy. The author's scope was, after each text's identification was secured as regards the poet and the play's title, to proceed to textual and interpretative observations that contributed to reconstructing in whole or in part the storyline of the relevant plays. These observations often led to unexpected conclusions and an overthrow of established opinions. Thus, the book will appeal to classical scholars, especially those interested in theatrical studies.

This handbook is structured in two parts: it provides, on the one hand, a comprehensive (synchronic) overview of the phonetics and phonology (including prosody) of a breadth of Romance languages and focuses, on the other hand, on central topics of research in Romance segmental and suprasegmental phonology, including comparative and diachronic perspectives. Phonetics and phonology have always been a core discipline in Romance linguistics: the wide synchronic variety of languages and dialects derived from spoken Latin is extensively explored in numerous corpus and atlas projects, and for quite a few of these varieties there is also more or less ample documentation of at least some of their diachronic stages. This rich empirical database offers excellent testing grounds for different theoretical approaches and allows for substantial insights into phonological structuring as well as into (incipient, ongoing, or concluded) processes of phonological change. The volume can be read both as a state-of-the-art report of research in the field and as a manual of Romance languages with special emphasis on the key topics of phonetics and phonology.

The topic of the volume is the contrast between borrowable categories and those which resist transfer. Resistance is illustrated for the unattested emergence of grammatical gender, the negligible impact of English and Spanish on the number category in Patagonian Welsh, the reluctance of replicas to borrow English but. MAT-borrowing does not imply the copying of rules as the Spanish function-words in the Chamorro irrealis show. Chamorro and Tetun Dili look similar on account of their contact-induced parallels. The languages of the former USSR have borrowed largely identical sets of conjunctions from Russian, Arabic, and Persian to converge in the domain of clause linkage. Resistance against and susceptibility to transfer call for further investigations to the benefit of language-contact theory.

The Shepherd of Hermas is one of the oldest and most well-attested Christian works. Its popularity arguably exceeded that of the canonical Gospels. Many early Christian thinkers regarded the Shepherd as authoritative and cited it in their own writings, even though its status as Scripture was controversial. The far-reaching influence of the Shepherd during the first few centuries is attested in part by the many languages in which it was copied: Latin, Ethiopic, Coptic, Middle Persian, and Georgian. The early dating and wide dissemination of the Shepherd of Hermas offers us access to a period when canonical boundaries were elastic. This volume treats religious experience in the Shepherd, a topic that has received little scholarly attention. It complements a growing body of literature that explores the text from social-historical perspectives. Leading scholars approach it from a variety of interdisciplinary perspectives, including critical literary theory, anthropology, cognitive science, affect theory, gender studies, intersectionality, and text reception. In doing so, they pose fresh questions to one of the most widely read texts in the early church, offering new insights to scholars and students alike.

This edited volume explores the intermediality of image and text in Graeco-Roman sculpture. Through its choice of authors, disciplinary backgrounds are deliberately merged in order to bridge the traditional gap between archaeologists, epigraphists and philologists, who for a long time studied statues, material inscriptions and literary epigrams within the closely confined borders of their individual disciplines. Through its choice of objects, privileging works of which there are significant material remains, through its inclusion of all kinds of figural-cum-inscriptional designs, ranging from grand sculpture to reliefs and ‘decorative'marble-objects, and through its methodological emphasis on ‘close viewing'(and reading!) of individual objects, this volume focuses on the materiality of both sculpture and inscription. This perspective is enriched by two comparative chapters on inscribing Greek vases and Roman walls (graffiti). The intermediality of image and inscription is envisaged from various thematic angles, including the intricacies of combining image and epigram (both materially and in literary projection), the original production and reception of inscribed sculpture in its ‘long life', the viewing and ‘reading'of sculpture in a space of movement, the issue of (re-)naming statues, and the image and inscription in its social and gender-historical context.

CLARIN, the'Common Language Resources and Technology Infrastructure', has established itself as a major player in the field of research infrastructures for the humanities. This volume provides a comprehensive overview of the organization, its members, its goals and its functioning, as well as of the tools and resources hosted by the infrastructure. The many contributors representing various fields, from computer science to law to psychology, analyse a wide range of topics, such as the technology behind the CLARIN infrastructure, the use of CLARIN resources in diverse research projects, the achievements of selected national CLARIN consortia, and the challenges that CLARIN has faced and will face in the future. The book will be published in 2022, 10 years after the establishment of CLARIN as a European Research Infrastructure Consortium by the European Commission (Decision 2012/136/EU). Watch our talk with the editors Darja Fišer and Andreas Witt here: https://youtu.be/ZOoiGbmMbxI

No detailed description available for'Ideas and Idealism in Philosophy'.

Theodore Metochites'Aristotelian paraphrases (c. 1312), covering all 40 books of the Stagirite's extant works on natural philosophy, constitute one of the major achievements of late Byzantine learning. This volume offers the first critical edition of Metochites'paraphrases of the three books of the De anima, accompanied by an introduction and an English translation with an apparatus of parallel passages in Aristotle's ancient commentators. The first part of the introduction presents and evaluates the sources for the text, consisting of thirteen Greek manuscripts, a 15th-century Greek epitome and a 16th-century Latin translation. The genealogical relationships between these are established on the basis of separative and conjunctive errors, identified, inter alia, through critical discussions of more than 300 passages. The second part of the introduction discusses the nature, purpose and sources of the paraphrases as well as several linguistic questions with implications for editing and translating the text. The third part of the introduction sets out the principles of this edition and translation.

Building on Calvino's observations on Exactitude in Six Memos for the Next Millennium, the present book elucidates on the possible definitions of exactitude, the endeavor of reaching exactitude, and the undeniable limits to the achievement of this ambitious milestone.The eighteen essays in this interdisciplinary volume show how ancient and medieval authors have been dealing with the problem of exactitude vs. inexactitude and have been able to exploit the ambiguities related to these two concepts to various ends. The articles focus on rhetoric and historiography (section I), exact sciences and technical disciplines (II), the peculiarity of quotations (III), cases of programmatic inexactitude (IV) and textual transmission (V). Several interconnected questions weave a net across the volume: to what extent is exactitude the goal in ancient and medieval texts? How can the concepts of accuracy and inaccuracy aid the reinterpretation of an already known text or fact? To what extent can certain definitions of exactitude be stretched, without turning into inexactitude?The volume presents an extensive study capable of highlighting the shrewdness and aptness of the concepts introduced by Calvino more than thirty years ago.

Demosthenes'speech Against Aristocrates (or. 23) was written for a paranomy trial in which the plaintiff sought to prove that a decree requested in favour of the mercenary leader Charidemos, who was in the service of the Thracian king Kersobleptes, was unlawful. Up to now, it has mainly been of interest to ancient historians and legal historians as a source for the history of Thrace in the first half of the 4th century and as a collection of archaic legal texts. In classical philology, on the other hand, it has not met with a great response - probably also because it presents its readers with obstacles that are difficult to overcome without suitable aids. The present commentary, supplemented by text and translation, attempts to facilitate access to a rhetorically brilliant speech that deserves a wider audience by providing detailed linguistic and contextual explanations, including a critical analysis of the sometimes complicated train of thought.

In earlier scholarship, the late antique medical compilations of Oribasius of Pergamon, Aetius of Amida and Paul of Aegina were rather neglected and were believed to add nothing new themselves to what Galen, in particular, had to say. By now, scholarship has undergone a positive change in attitude towards these authors and their works. This book contributes to this modern picture of late antiquity as a vibrant and fascinating period through close analysis of the work of Aetius of Amida (6th century CE). It offers the very first modern translation of chapters 1–10 of the sixth book of Aetius'Libri medicinales as well as a detailed commentary on these chapters. Together with an extensive introduction it thus makes Aetius'treatise accessible to a wider audience and takes into account Aetius'craft as a compiler by analyzing his literary and compilation techniques. Book 6 of Aetius'compilation is especially interesting because it deals with diseases of the brain and thus also discusses mental illnesses such as phrenitis, melancholia or mania. Therefore, this volume also sheds light on the treatment of brain diseases in late antiquity and furthers our understanding of the history of mental disorders in ancient medical texts.

Paul's use of λογικὴ λατρεία in Rom 12.1 has long fascinated and puzzled interpreters. This study proposes a new explanation of Paul's reason language in Rom 12.1 based on a detailed investigation of ancient philosophical texts on the role of human beings in the cosmos, in which reason language and the idea of a vocation of human beings are closely connected. It argues that Paul here appeals to the idea of a human vocation in order to claim that Christ-followers are able to fulfil their human vocation by living in such a way that their lives produce signs of the new creation inaugurated in Christ.This case is made by establishing the central role of reason in ancient discourse on what it means to be human more broadly, and in particular in Epictetus, who provides the clearest parallel for Romans. These contextualisations allow for a fresh reading of Paul's argument in Romans, where the relevance of these traditions is shown, not least for how Rom 12.1–2 frames Rom 12–15.The study thus contributes to the recent scholarly trend of exploring Paul in ancient philosophical contexts and advances the discussion on the integration of Paul's “theology” and “ethics” within an ancient cultural encyclopedia.

The Pauline collection for the poor in Jerusalem is the most famous example of financial support for geographically distant groups in early Christianity. Recent assessments of the Pauline collection have focused on patronage to explain the social relations between Jerusalem and the Pauline groups and the strategies adopted by Paul. Through a comparison with the Greco-Roman world and a close reading of the texts, this study challenges the recent approach and proposes that other factors shaped Paul's stance. Paul was interested in reassuring the Corinthians about the financial outcome of the collection and dispelling doubts that he might take advantage of them. The collection was an action modeled on divine generosity and an exchange within a reciprocal relationship between Christian groups.This study also surveys intergroup support between Christian groups in the first three centuries CE. This practice involved churches from most of the Mediterranean Basin and was known even outside of Christian circles. Transfers of money were organized according to a consistent pattern modeled on local charitable practices. The Pauline collection had similar characteristics and can be seen as part of this widespread economic practice.