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La obra de Takeuchi y Romero constituye una guía general para realizar estudios sobre las propiedades químicas y físicas en materiales. Comienza recapitulando los conceptos básicos de la mecánica clásica que son el fundamento de las simulaciones computacionales. Más adelante se adentra a varios métodos basados en principios de la física, describiendo sus aplicaciones y presentando algunos ejemplos de software en los que se pueden realizar estos estudios. Muestra cada uno de estos elementos, junto con sus principios los momentos en los que se utilizan y qué ventajas pueden tener.

This compendium of accounts reveals the unique perspectives of many scientists who made major contributions to the Nobel Prize-winning discovery of C60 buckminsterfullerene but who have not previously published personal accounts. The introduction attempts to provide a rational framework for understanding how this discovery came about and how firmly

Recent innovations in experimental techniques such as molecular and cluster beam epitaxy, supersonic jet expansion, matrix isolation and chemical synthesis are increasingly enabling researchers to produce materials by design and with atomic dimension. These materials constrained by sire, shape, and symmetry range from clusters containing as few as two atoms to nanoscale materials consisting of thousands of atoms. They possess unique structuraI, electronic, magnetic and optical properties that depend strongly on their size and geometry. The availability of these materials raises many fundamental questions as weIl as technological possibilities. From the academic viewpoint, the most pertinent question concerns the evolution of the atomic and electronic structure of the system as it grows from micro clusters to crystals. At what stage, for example, does the cluster look as if it is a fragment of the corresponding crystal. How do electrons forming bonds in micro-clusters transform to bands in solids? How do the size dependent properties change from discrete quantum conditions, as in clusters, to boundary constrained bulk conditions, as in nanoscale materials, to bulk conditions insensitive to boundaries? How do the criteria of classification have to be changed as one goes from one size domain to another? Potential for high technological applications also seem to be endless. Clusters of otherwise non-magnetic materials exhibit magnetic behavior when constrained by size, shape, and dimension. NanoscaIe metal particles exhibit non-linear opticaI properties and increased mechanical strength. SimiIarly, materials made from nanoscale ceramic particIes possess plastic behavior.

This book includes small and large scale applications of super­ conductivity. Part I, SQUIDs, comprises about 75% of this volume, and is devoted to small scale applications, mainly.§uperconducting QUantum Interference Devices (SQUIDs), and the remainder, Part H, Machines, presents an updated review of large scale applications of superconduc­ tivity. The present book combined with the previous book Superconducting Machines and Devices: Large Systems Applications edited by S. Foner and B. B. Schwartz, Plenum Press, New York (1974) represents a detailed and most up-to-date review of the applications of superconducting tech­ nology. The text of the current book is suitable for advanced undergrad­ uates or graduate students in applied physics and engineering courses. The book should be valuable to scientists, engineers and technologists interested in the current status and future applications of superconduc­ tivity technology. The last 7 chapters in Part I review the major nation­ al efforts on small scale technology and should prove useful for industrial and government planners as weIl as scientists and engineers.

Over the past decade, we have witnessed a number of spectacular advances in the fabrication of crystalline semiconductor devices due mainly to the pro­ gress of the different techni ques of heteroepitaxy. The di scovery of two­ dimensional behavior of electrons led to the development of a new breed of ultrafast electronic and optical devices, such as modulation doped FETs, permeable base transistors, and double heterojunction transistors. Comparable progress has been made in the domain of cryoelectronics, ultrashort pulse generation, and ultrafast diagnostics. Dye lasers can generate 8 fs signals after compression, diode lasers can be modulated at speeds close to 20 GHz and electrical signals are characterized with subpicosecond accuracy via the electro-optic effect. Presently, we are experiencing an important interplay between the field of optics and electronics; the purpose of this meeting was to foster and enhance the interaction between the two disciplines. It was logical to start the conference by presenting to the two different audiences, i. e., electronics and optics, the state-of-the-art in the two res­ pective fields and to highlight the importance of optical techniques in the analysis of physical processes and device performances. One of the leading techniques in this area is the electro-optic sampling technique. This optical technique has been used to characterize transmission lines and GaAs devices. Carrier transport in semiconductors is of fundamental importance and some of its important aspects are stressed in these proceedings.

Fullerene Polymers and Fullerene Polymer Composites is an in-depth experimental and theoretical account of polymers and composites whose unusual properties, such as, photophysical phenomena, electrical transport, phase transitions and magnetic properties, stem from the incorporation of C60 in the material. Each chapter is written by an internationally renowned expert who has published extensively in this sub-field of fullerene materials. Introductory chapters on the fundamental properties of fullerenes (C60, C70) and photophysical phenomena in fullerenes and polymers are also included.

The explosion in the scale of production of polymers has made our daily life more convenient during the past several decades, and caused serious discus­ sion on recycling and safety. During this time, many polymer researchers who have constructed new industries and new fields of science changed their interests to specialty polymers and some have moved to bioscience. On the other hand, the expected limitations of silicon devices, which are fundamen­ tal in the present semiconductor and personal computer world, have initiated much interest in the idea of molecular electronic devices. Based on this idea, ultrathin films with many functions were studied, but it is still difficult to use them in real information systems. In these studies, polymer scientists and solid state physicists collaborated with each other and the new field of conju­ gated materials, including charge-transfer-complexes, conjugated conductive materials and fullerenes, has grown. Here, optical properties are the main interest because new materials are necessary in the advanced information so­ ciety of the twenty first century. During the course of this development, the boundary between polymers and small organic molecules has become blurred, except for the synthetic chemists. This new field of science and engineering is growing and will propose new materials and new devices. The present book aims at a compact presentation of the principal con­ cepts in current polymeric and organic materials science and engineering.

The workshop entitled Magnetic Susceptibility of Superconductors and other Spin Systems (S4) was held at Coolfont Resort and Health Spa. located near Berkley Springs West Virginia on May 20-23. 1991. There were over sixty attendees. approximately half from the United States. the remainder representing over twelve different countries. The international character of the workshop may be gleaned form the attendee list, included in this volume. The intent of the workshop was to bring together those experimentalists and theoreticians whose efforts have resulted in significant recent contributions to the development and use of the ac susceptibility technique as well as to the interpretation of data obtained from these measurements. Many spirited discussions occurred during and after the presentations. These are reflected in the manuscripts contained in these proceedings. Although camera ready manuscripts were required from all participants at registration, all manuscripts were revised and reflect the lively exchanges that followed each presentation. The small size of the workshop allowed the participants a high degree of flexibility. Consequently when a controversial topic such as'the irreversibility line'emerged, a special session was organized on the spot. At the suggestion of Ron Goldfarb, participants were invited to contribute a one page summary containing their thoughts on the topic. These stand alone contributions were retyped and included as submitted, with only minor editorial changes. These proceedings are intended for those experienced scientists new to the field and graduate students just beginning their research.

Even a hundred years after its discovery, superconductivity continues to bring us new surprises, from superconducting magnets used in MRI to quantum detectors in electronics. 100 Years of Superconductivity presents a comprehensive collection of topics on nearly all the subdisciplines of superconductivity. Tracing the historical developments in supe

This volume contains papers presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena held at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany, from July 12 to 17, 1998. The biannual Ultrafast Phenomena Conferences provide a forum for dis­ cussion of the latest advances in ultrafast optics and their applications in science and engineering. The Garmisch conference brought together a multidisciplinary group of 440 participants from 27 countries, including 127 students. The enthu­ siasm of this large number of Participants, the high quality of the papers they presented and the magnificent conference site resulted in a successful and pleasant conference. Progress was reported in the technology of generating ultrashort pulses, in­ cluding new techniques for improving laser-pulse duration, tunability over broad wavelength ranges, output power and peak intensity. Ultrafast spectroscopy con­ tinues to provide new insight into fundamental processes in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. In addition to analyzing ultrafast phenomena, control of ultrafast dynamics now represents an important topic. Ultrafast concepts and tech­ niques are being applied in imaging and microscopy, high speed optoelectronics, mat~rial diagnostics and processing, reflecting the maturing of the field. Acknowledgements. Many people contributed to the success of the conference.

The Novel Mechanisms of Superconductivity Conference was initially conceived in the early part of 1986 as a small, 2-1/2 day workshop of 40-70 scientists, both theorists and experimentalists interested in exploring the possible evidence for exotic, non phononic superconductivity. Of course, the historic discoveries of high temperature oxide superconductors by Bednorz and Mftller and the subsequent enhancements by the Houston/Alabama groups made such a small conference impractical. The conference necessarily had to expand, 2-1/2 days became 4-1/2 days and superconductivity in the high Tc oxides became the largest single topic in the workshop. In fact, this conference became the first major conference on this topic and thus, these proceedings are also the first maj or publication. However, heavy fermion, organic and low carrier concentration superconductors remained a very important part of this workshop and articles by the leaders in these fields are included in these proceedings. Ultimately the workshop hosted rearly 400 scientists, students and media including representatives from the maj or research groups in the U.S., Europe, Japan and the Soviet Union.

Electronic Properties of Fullerenes and other Novel Materials gives an overview of the state-of-the-art research. It presents most recent results on preparation, experimental analysis by electron spectroscopy, infrared and Raman spectroscopy, luminescence, and nonlinear optical, as well as possible technological applications. Emphasis is also placed on the superconducting properties of Fullerenes. The introductory and advanced contributions provide a good survey of the current status of this rapidly developing field.

The International Winter School on Electronic Properties of High-Temperature Superconductors, held between March 7-14, 1992, in Kirchberg, (Tyrol) Austria, was the sixth in a series of meetings to be held at this venue. Four of the earlier meetings were dedicated to issues in the field of conducting polymers, while the winter school held in 1990 was devoted to the new discipline of high-T c superconductivity. This year's meeting constituted a forum not only for the large number of scientists engaged in high-Tc research, but also for those involved in the new and exciting field of fullerenes. Many of the issues raised during the earlier winter schools on conducting polymers, and the last one on high-T c superconductivity, have taken on a new significance in the light of the discovery of superconducting C materials. 60 The Kirchberg meetings are organized in the style of a school where expe­ rienced scientists from universities, research laboratories and industry have the opportunity to discuss their most recent results, and where students and young scientists can learn about the present status of research and applications from some of the most eminent workers in their field. In common with the previous winter school on high-Tc superconductors, the of the cuprate superconductors. present one focused on the electronic properties In addition, consideration was given to related compounds which are relevant to the understanding of the electronic structure of the cuprates in the normal state, to other oxide superconductors and to fulleride superconductors.

This book encompasses the science, measurement, fabrica­ tion, and use of superconducting materials in large scale and small scale technologies. The present book is in some sense a continuation and completion of a series of two earlier books based on NA TO Advanced Study Institutes held over the last decade. The first book in the series entitled Superconducting Machines ~nd Devices: Large Systems Appli­ cations edited by S. Foner and B. B. Schwartz (1974) represented a compilation of all the applications of superconducting technology. The second book entitled Superconductor Applications: Squids and Machines, edited by B. B. Schwartz and S. Foner (1977) reviewed small scale applications and up-dated the large scale applications of superconductiv­ ity at that time. These two books are both introductions and advanced reference volumes for almost all aspects of the applications of super­ conductivity. The growth of applied superconductivity has mushroomed in the decade of the 1970's. Technologies which were discussed in the beginning of the 1970's are now beyond the prototype stage. Materials development and performance in operating systems is the basis of the continued applications and economic viability of super­ conducting technology. In this book, a complete review of all materials technology is presented by leading authorities who were instrumental in the development of superconducting materials technology. The present book is based on the NATO Advanced Study vi PREFACE Institute entitled Superconducting Materials: Science and Technology which was held from August 20 to August 30, 1980 in Sintra, Portugal.

The discovery of caged carbon structures, in 1985, established a whole new field of carbon chemistry. Unlike graphite and diamond, these structures known as fullerenes are finite in structure and are relevant to a wide variety of fields including supramolecular assemblies, nanostructures, optoelectronic devices and a whole range of biological activities. Fullerenes: Principles and Applications discusses all aspects of this exciting field. Sections include: the basic principles for the chemical reactivity of fullerenes, electrochemistry, light induced processes, fullerenes for material sciences, fullerenes and solar cells, biological applications and multifunctional carbon nanotube materials. Written by leading experts in the field the book summarises the basic principles of fullerene chemistry but also highlights some of the most remarkable advances that have occurred in recent years. Fullerenes: Principles and Applications will appeal to researchers in both academia and industry.

This book provides an overview on physical realizations of quantum computing by means of molecular systems. It will be useful for graduate students and researchers interested in quantum computing from different areas of physics, physical chemistry, informatics and computer science. Each chapter is written in a self-contained manner and hence can be accessible for researchers and graduate students with even less background in the topics.

Connecting inorganic chemistry to the hottest topic in materials science, this timely resource collects the contributions made by leading inorganic chemists towards nanomaterials research. The second volume in the “Wiley Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry Methods and Applications Series,” this signature title concentrates on recent developments in the field and includes all key topics such as nanowires, nanotubes, biomineralization, supramolecular materials and much more. This volume is also available as part of Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, 5 Volume Set. This set combines all volumes published as EIC Books from 2007 to 2010, representing areas of key developments in the field of inorganic chemistry published in the Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry. Find out more.

This is the only up-to-date book on the market to focus on the synthesis of these compounds in this particularly suitable way. A team of excellent international authors guarantees high-quality content, covering such topics as monodisperse carbon-rich oligomers, molecular electronic wires, polyaromatic hydrocarbons, nonconjugated small molecules, nanotubes, fullerenes, polyynes, macrocycles, dendrimers, phenylenes and diamondoid structures. The result is a must-have for everyone working in this expanding and interdisciplinary field, including organic and polymer chemists, materials scientists, and chemists working in industry.

This second edition of Introductory Raman Spectroscopy serves as a guide to newcomers who wish to become acquainted with this dynamic technique. Written by three acknowledged experts this title uses examples to illustrate the usefulness of the technique of Raman spectroscopy in such diverse areas as forensic science, biochemistry, medical, pharmaceutical prescription and illicit drugs. The technique also has many uses in industry.Updated Applications chapter·Demonstrated the versatility and utility of Raman spectroscopy in problem solving in science·Serves as an excellent reference text for both beginners and more advanced students·Discusses new applications of Raman spectroscopy in industry and research

The principal idea of this volume is to offer a Capita Selecta of unconventional and thought-provoking topics in organometallic chemistry, presented by experts in each field. As intended, this approach leads either to reviews covering a specific uncommon class of organometallic compounds or to overviews which relate uncommon physical properties with various classes of organometallic compounds. The contributions are streamlined thus onto two main axes - unusual properties reflecting structures and bonding situations, on the one hand, and uncommon structural features or structure-reactivity relationships, on the other. Extensive cross-referencing of useful information is provided, making this volume accessible for people working in rather different areas of organometallic chemistry. The synthesis of molecules with'extreme'properties is a challenge for all those working in organometallic chemistry, irrelevant of theoretical/computational, synthetic or application interests. This book presents case studies at the interface of these overlapping interests. Unusual Structures and Physical Properties in Organometallic Chemistry: • Provides test cases for computational and theoretical models • Presents a challenge for synthetic chemists • Provides ideal show cases for analytical techniques This volume will be an invaluable reference for researchers in organometallic chemistry, computational and theoretical chemistry, NMR and other spectroscopic methods.

Electronic excitation is a means to change materials properties. This book analyses the important features of the changes induced by electronic excitation, identifies what is critical, and provides a basis from which materials modification can be developed successfully. Electronic excitation by lasers or electron beams can change the properties of materials. In the last few years, there has been a mix of basic science, of new laser and electron beam tools, and of new needs from microelectronics, photonics and nanotechnology. This book extends and synthesises the science, addressing ideas like energy localisation and charge localisation, with detailed comparisons of experiment and theory. It also identifies the ways this understanding links to technological needs, like selective removal of material, controlled changes, altering the balance between process steps, and possibilities of quantum control. This book will be of particular interest to research workers in physics, chemistry, electronic engineering and materials science.

Krätschmer and Huffman's revolutionary discovery of a new solid phase of carbon, solid C60, in 1990 opened the way to an entire new class of materials with physical properties so diverse that their richness has not yet been fully exploited. Moreover, as a by-product of fullerene research, carbon nanotubes were later identified, from which novel nanostructures originated that are currently fascinating materials scientists worldwide. Rivers of words have been written on both fullerenes and nanotubes, in the form of journal articles, conference proceedings and books. The present book offers, in a concise and self-contained manner, the basics of the science of these materials as well as detailed information on those aspects that have so far been better explored. Structural, electronic and dynamical properties are described as obtained from various measurements and state-of-the-art calculations. Their interrelation emerges as well as their possible dependence on, for example, preparation conditions or methods of investigation. By presenting and comparing data from different sources, experiment and theory, this book helps the reader to rapidly master the basic knowledge, to grasp important issues and critically discuss them. Ultimately, it aims to inspire him or her to find novel ways to approach still open questions. As such, this book is addressed to new researchers in the field as well as experts.

The inspiration for this book came from an American Carbon Society Workshop entitled'Carbon Materials for Advanced Technologies'which was hosted by the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in 1994. Chapter 1 contains a review of carbon materials, and emphasizes the structure and chemical bonding in the various forms of carbon, including the four allotropes diamond, graphite, carbynes, and the fullerenes. In addition, amorphous carbon and diamond films, carbon nanoparticles, and engineered carbons are discussed. The most recently discovered allotrope of carbon, i.e., the fullerenes, along with carbon nanotubes, are more fully discussed in Chapter 2, where their structure-property relations are reviewed in the context of advanced technologies for carbon based materials. The synthesis, structure, and properties of the fullerenes and nanotubes, and modification of the structure and properties through doping, are also reviewed. Potential applications of this new family of carbon materials are considered.The manufacture and applications of adsorbent carbon fibers are discussed in Chapter 3. The manufacture, structure and properties of high performance fibers are reviewed in Chapter 4, and the manufacture and properties of vapor grown fibers and their composites are reported in Chapter 5. The properties and applications of novel low density composites developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are reported in Chapter 6.Coal is an important source of energy and an abundant source of carbon. The production of engineering carbons and graphite from coal via a solvent extraction route is described in Chapter 7. Applications of activated carbons are discussed in Chapters 8-10, including their use in the automotive arena as evaporative loss emission traps (Chapter 8), and in vehicle natural gas storage tanks (Chapter 9). The application of activated carbons in adsorption heat pumps and refrigerators is discussed in Chapter 10. Chapter 11 reports the use of carbon materials in the fast growing consumer electronics application of lithium-ion batteries. The role of carbon materials in nuclear systems is discussed in Chapters 12 and 13, where fusion device and fission reactor applications, respectively, are reviewed. In Chapter 12 the major technological issues for the utilization of carbon as a plasma facing material are discussed in the context of current and future fusion tokamak devices.The essential design features of graphite moderated reactors, (including gas-, water- and molten salt-cooled systems) are reviewed in Chapter 13, and reactor environmental effects such as radiation damage and radiolytic corrosion are discussed. The fracture behaviour of graphite is discussed in qualitative and quantitative terms in Chapter 14. The applications of Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics and Elastic-Plastic Fracture Mechanics to graphite are reviewed and a study of the role of small flaws in nuclear graphites is reported.

In recent years very active research has been going on to understand the physics and chemistry of clusters, an intermediate state of matter between atoms and solids. Great excitement has been added to these efforts with the recent discovery of a new form of carbon, the fullerene and its aggregates, and subsequent observations of superconductivity with alkali doping. This volume critically reviews the recent progress made in the area of clusters and discusses the new problems opened up with the ongoing developments in fullerenes.

Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Intercalation Compounds (ISIC-6), Orleans, France, 1991

This volume contains two chapters of direct interest for applications: The magnetic vortex states and transformations and the effects of c-axis coupling on the transport properties. In addition, the isotope effect is reviewed, since reliable data on ultra-pure samples are now available. The lattice vibrations (phonons) have been explored extensively by inelastic neutron scattering and infrared absorption and these types of data are reviewed as well. The interesting properties of the superconducting doped fullerenes are described; some of their most fundamental properties are shared by the superconducting cuprates. This book with its subject index, like the earlier three volumes in this series, will be found useful both by people entering the field and by workers who are already active in it.

The publication of Volume V of Physical Properties of High Temperature Superconductors is expected in March, 1996. It will have chapters of interest for both fundamental studies and applied research. The topics discussed are expected to include the electromagnetic response (penetration depth and surface resistance), local lattice distortions, the influence of vortex fluctuations on macroscopic behavior, the properties of superlattices, and the symmetry of the superconducting order parameter.

Until recently, the element carbon was believed to exhibit only two main allotropic forms, diamond and graphite. Research in the US and Europe has now confirmed the existence of a third previously unknown form - buckminsterfullerene (C60) and its relatives, the fullerenes (C24, C28, C32, C70 etc).The story of fullerene chemistry, physics and materials science began in 1985, almost twenty years after the existence of a spherical carbon cluster was first considered. In September 1985 a joint Sussex/Rice Universities team including Kroto, Heath, O'Brien, Curl and Smalley used a powerful mass spectrometric technique to identify the C+60 species, and proposed a spherical structure and the name buckminsterfullerene. It was not, however, until Krätschmer and Huffman reported the isolation of crystals of C60 in 1990 that the closed cage structure of C60 could be confirmed.The Fullerenes documents the work leading up to 1990 and more recent developments in the field of fullerene research and will serve as an indispensible reference tool for all workers in this area.

Praise for Introductory Raman Spectroscopy - Highlights basic theory, which is treated in an introductory fashion - Presents state-of-the-art instrumentation - Discusses new applications of Raman spectroscopy in industry and research

This volume will contain both invited and contributed papers which focus on the search for new high-Tc materials, characterization of their physical properties and microstructures, basic applications and the application of high-Tc superconductors.

During the last ten years, the International Winterschools on Electronic Properties of New Materials (IWEPNM) have developed into a well-established institution and the alumni form a very active interdisciplinary community which spreads all over the world. Past schools of this series have treated such topics as conducting polymers and high temperature superconductors. The present volume contains the proceedings of the fourth school on fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. Soccer-ball molecules, like C₆₀, C₇₀, etc., have been discovered in the late 1980's and are now regarded as the third allotrope of carbon (in addition to the classic allotropes graphite and diamond). By now, more than ten thousand original papers on fullerene have been published, and the present proceedings give a snap-shot of the development of the field and the state of the art, as reflected by research papers, overviews, and tutorial lectures. Highlights are contributions on fullerene polymers, magnetic properties of fullerene complexes, endohedral compounds, fullerenes with incorporated heteroatoms, and on fullerene nanotubes (single-walled, multi-walled, with open cores or metal-filled), as well as prospects of technological applications (field emission electron guns for flat video displays, fullerene plasma for vapour deposited diamond and SiC film, etc.).

This book surveys recent experimental and theoretical studies on optical properties of low-dimensional materials, e.g., artificial crystals in zeolites, C60 and its related compounds, silicon nanostructures including porous Si, II-VI and III-V semiconductor quantum structures, and Pb-based natural quantum-well systems. The eight excellent detailed review articles are written by authorities on each field in Japan. All the materials introduced in this book yield new optical phenomena originating from their mesoscopic and low-dimensional characters contributing to a new research field of condensed matter and optical physics.

This is an advanced text on the microstructure and properties of materials, the first volume of a possible 3-volume set. While there are many elementary texts in materials science, there are very few advanced texts. Chapter 1 on aluminum alloys presents microstructural optimization and critical considerations in design applications. Chapter 2 on Nickel-base superalloys reviews the compositional, microstructural and processing advances in increasing their maximum use temperature. Chapter 3 on metal matrix composites discusses the strengthening mechanisms of metals dispersed with short fibers or particles. Chapter 4 on polymer matrix composites contains the details of the microsturcture property relationships of high performance fibers, polymer matrix material and the advanced composites made therewith. Chapter 5 on ceramics matrix composites describes the fibers and matrix materials used, the processing techniques involved and the mechanical properties under different loading conditions. Chapter 6 on inorganic glasses describes the influence of second phases, both glassy and cyrstalline on their properties. Chapter 7 on superconducting materials shows the importance of twins, grain boundaries, dislocations and stacking faults. Chapter 8 on magnetic materials introduces the domain structure and its effects on the soft and hard magnetic properties.

In this concise handbook leading experts give a broad overview of the latest developments in this emerging and fascinating field of nano-sized materials. Coverage includes new techniques for the synthesis of nanoparticles as well as an in-depth treatment of their characterization and chemical and physical properties. The future applications of these advanced materials are also discussed. The wealth of information included makes this an invaluable guide for graduate students as well as scientists in materials science, chemistry or physics - looking for a comprehensive treatment of the topic.

This work examines all aspects of organic conductors, detailing recent theoretical concepts and current laboratory methods of synthesis, measurement, control and analysis. It describes advances in molecular-scale engineering, including switching and memory systems, Schottky and electroluminescent diodes, field-effect transistors, and photovoltaic devices and solar cells.

The creation of the hollow carbon buckminsterfullerene molecule as well as methods to produce and purify bulk quantities of it has triggered an explosive growth of research in the field. Superconducting and magnetic fullerides, atoms trapped inside the fullerene cage, chemically bonded fullerene complexes, and nanometer-scale helical carbon tubes are some of the leading areas that have generated much excitement.This book is intended as a guide to the literature for the scientist who is just entering fullerene research, and will be one more valuable volume to the collection for the established worker. It contains reprints of some sixty most important research papers, with focus especially on those papers that have guided further work in the field. There is also a short review of the field, with references to many other publications.

Metallurgical coatings 1988 is a compilation of the proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings. This volume is divided into four parts, which deal with synthesis and properties of coatings used in microelectronic applications; methods of characterizing coatings and modified surfaces; protective coatings for magnetic and optical thin film media; and thick and thin film censors. The first part of this volume is further subdivided into five sections focusing on thin film barrier layers, metallization for VLSI circuits, thin films used in packaging technology, new materials and emerging technologies and synthesis and microstructure of high Tc superconductors. The second part is also subdivided into four sections, each presenting different methods, such as the surface and thin film analysis techniques, microstructural characterization techniques, mechanical properties of films and coatings, and non-destructive characterization techniques. Part three discusses the preparation and characterization of reactively sputtered silicon nitride thin films, the bond structures and properties of chemically vapor-deposited amorphous SiC, and the wear of Co-Ni thin film magnetic recording tape against metallic and ceramic surfaces. Finally, this volume explores the insert-mounted thin film sensors for real-time.

Fullerenes or'buckyballs,'a new carbon-based family of materials, have fascinated the scientific community for the past few years. These materials are likely to find applications ranging from lubricants to batteries to biological magic bullets, which will be of great importance in the science and technology of the next century. This carefully edited volume, the first to include Frans Spaepen as co-editor, summarizes our present understanding in a series of didacticarticles, which take the reader from the fundamentals to the present cutting-edge research. A general overview is followed by chapters devoted to synthesis and characterization of fullerenes and their derivatives, the novel structural properties of buckyballs, tubes, and buckyonions, a theoretical and experimental view of electrons and phonons, and finally to the fascinating superconducting properties of these materials. - Presents systematic overview of entire field - Discusses synthesis, characterization, structure, and superconducting properties - Specially edited volume of the distinguished Solid State Physics Series - Includes applications from many fields

The discovery of fullerenes (also known as buckyballs) has generated tremendous excitement and opened up a new field of carbon chemistry. As the first book available on this topic, this volume will be a landmark reference in the field. Because buckyballs are essentially closed hollow cages made up of carbon atoms, they can be manipulated in a variety of ways to yield never-before-seen materials. The balls can, for instance, be doped with atoms or pulled out into tubules and filled with lead to provide properties of high-temperature superconductivity. Researchers can now create their own buckyballs in a process that is almost as simple as making soot, making this research as inexpensive as it is exotic (which has doubtless contributed to its popularity). Researchers anticipate that fullerenes will offer boundless opportunities in the development of new products, drugs and materials.Science of Fullerenes and Carbon Nanotubes introduces materials scientists, chemists, and solid state physicists to the field of fullerenes, and discusses the unique properties and applications. both current and future, of all classes of fullerenes.Key Features• First comprehensive resource on fullerenes and their applications• Provides an introduction to the topic• Presents an extensive discussion of current and future applications of Fullerenes• Covers all classes of fullerenes

'Preparation of Thin Films provides a comprehensive account of various deposition techniques for the preparation of thin films of elements, compounds, alloys, ceramics, and semiconductors - emphasizing inorganic compound thin films and discussing high vacuum and chemical deposition methods used for preparing high temperature superconducting oxide thin films.'

No detailed description available for'SQUID'80. Superconducting Quantum Interference Devices and their Applications'.

The papers in this two volume set provide the latest information on research and development in the field of high Tc-materials. Special emphasis is placed on methods of preparation and microstructural characterization for both thin films and single crystals. Considerable attention is also paid to the potential applications of thin films and bulk materials. The following topics are covered in detail: New superconductors; Relations between structure and/or substitution and superconductivity in ternary Cu-oxides; Single crystals, microstructure; Thin films, preparation and properties; Technical applications.

Physics of High-Tc Superconductors highlights the important experiments that provide insights on the concept of high-temperature superconductors. Composed of 11 chapters, this book covers the theories and materials of these superconductors. The opening chapters of this book deal with the concepts at the cutting edge of materials science and the technical details of electron-phonon interaction calculations and their application to high-Tc superconductors. The subsequent chapters describe the various features of the atomic and electronic structure of high-Tc superconductor materials, such as quaternary, metallic, and pseudoperovskite copper oxides. These topics are followed by descriptions of the isotope effect, lattice vibrations, and optical spectra of high-Tc superconductor materials. The discussion then shifts to tunneling, relaxation, and morphological studies of these materials. The concluding chapter focuses on the superconductivity potential of bismates and thallates. Undergraduate materials science students will find this book invaluable.

Handbook of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Volume 1: Principles and Practice describes the basic background information common to thermal analysis and calorimetry in general. Thermodynamic and kinetic principles are discussed along with the instrumentation and methodology associated with thermoanalytical and calorimetric techniques. The purpose is to collect the discussion of these general principles and minimize redundancies in the subsequent volumes that are concerned with the applications of these principles and methods. More unique methods, which pertain to specific processes or materials, are covered in later volumes.

Topological quantum numbers are distinguished from quantum numbers based on symmetry because they are insensitive to the imperfections of the systems in which they are observed. They have become very important in precision measurements in recent years, and provide the best measurements of voltage and electrical resistance. This book describes the theory of such quantum numbers, starting with Dirac's argument for the quantization of electric charge, and continuing with discussions on the helium superfluids, flux quantization and the Josephson effect in superconductors, the quantum Hall effect, solids and liquid crystals, and topological phase transitions. The accompanying reprints include some of the classic experimental and theoretical papers in this area.Physicists — both experimental and theoretical — who are interested in the topic will find this book an invaluable reference.