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A significant contribution to the history of humanitarianism, Christianity and the politics of aid in Africa.In the wake of the civil wars in Congo from 1960 to 1973, international and internal struggles for power led to famines, the collapse of public health and a huge population of refugees. This book explores the role played by missionaries from the US, Canada and the UK who organized aid, and shows how they had to redefine their roles in independent Africa after the end of colonialism. Partnering US government officials to overcome the humanitarian crisis asthe politics of aid threatened to sink their efforts, Protestant aid programs also worked with US-backed Congolese military efforts to crush leftist rebels and joined with Angolan rebels to help hundreds of thousands of Angolan refugees fleeing Portuguese colonialism. After Mobutu Sese Seko seized power in 1965, they found themselves adjusting with difficulty to the rise of Congolese religious leaders who demanded aid workers and donor agencies accept African control over development projects. In this examination of the changing history of humanitarianism in Central Africa, the author shows how aid workers, who believed themselves to be politically neutral humanitarians, had to question their privileged role, and negotiate new ways of collaboration. Offering material aid and support, they hoped to heal the wounds of colonial repression and the violence of independence - abandoned hospitals, starving refugees, economic recession - yet also sought to ensure a Christian Congo would emerge allied to Western countries. The author explores the role of Protestant aid workers in the ethnic violence of South Kasai province; shows how Protestant aid became a tool in US-back counterinsurgency campaigns against leftist rebels; examines the interplay of Congolese and Western medicine in the work of Protestant medical volunteers; and discusses conflict in the aims ofthe missionaries and Africans over the control of aid funds and aid initiatives. Jeremy Rich is Associate Professor of History, Marywood University. His books include A Workman is Worthy of His Meat: Food and Colonialism in the Gabon Estuary (2007).

Vuelven Juan de Dios y Ricardo a las andanzas con estos “Nuevos Comentarios al Reglamento FIFA”. Ya han pasado cinco años y la jurisprudencia de la Cámara de Resolución de Disputa y del Tribunal Arbitral del Deporte han aportado mucho que contar. Y eso es lo que hacen ambos, con el estilo ameno y directo que les caracteriza, explicando los pormenores de un derecho, el del fútbol internacional, que no es tan sencillo como parece y que contiene muchas particularidades. Así, este libro no esa segunda edición sino que se ha revisado, aumentado, corregido y puesto al día, hasta casi su impresión editorial, ya que, como saben quienes se dedican al derecho del fútbol, la noticia y las sentencias nacen cada día. En definitiva, es otra vez una herramienta de absoluta necesidad para quienes ya estén profesionalmente en este mundo, como para quienes se quieran adentrar en el mismo, así como para estudiantes, periodistas o cualquier aficionado al que le guste saber de qué se habla cuando se habla de legalidad en el fútbol, de transferencias, fair play financiero, de derechos de terceros, de solidaridad, formación, rupturas contractuales y de todo aquello de lo que se nutre el fútbol hoy en día. En breve, una obra a tener en toda biblioteca especializada o de aficionado al fútbol. Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez es Abogado, socio-director del despacho “Ruiz Huerta & Crespo Sports Lawyers”, LL.M. en “International Sports Law” del ISDE y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor de diversos Masters en todo el mundo y habitual conferenciante en distintas Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es autor y co-autor de varios libros de Derecho Deportivo. Ricardo Frega Navía es Abogado, socio del “Despacho Jurídico Frega Navía y asociados”, Doctor Cum Laude en Derecho por la Universidad de Deusto y especialista en Derecho Deportivo. Es profesor y conferenciante de derecho del fútbol en Universidades y foros legales del fútbol. Es autor y co-autor de varios libros de derecho deportivo y de numerosos artículos en revistas internacionales y Vice-Presidente de la Asociación Latinoamericana de Derecho del Deporte (ALADDE).

Today's vision of world order is founded upon the concept of strong, well-functioning states, in contrast to the destabilizing potential of failed or fragile states. This worldview has dominated international interventions over the past 30 years as enormous resources have been devoted to developing and extending the governance capacity of weak or failing states, hoping to transform them into reliable nodes in the global order. But with very few exceptions, this project has not delivered on its promise: countries like Somalia, Afghanistan, South Sudan, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) remain mired in conflict despite decades of international interventions. States of Disorder addresses the question,'Why has UN state-building so consistently failed to meet its objectives?'. It proposes an explanation based on the application of complexity theory to UN interventions in South Sudan and DRC, where the UN has been tasked to implement massive stabilization and state-building missions. Far from being''ungoverned spaces,'these settings present complex, dynamical systems of governance with emergent properties that allow them to adapt and resist attempts to change them. UN interventions, based upon assumptions that gradual increases in institutional capacity will lead to improved governance, fail to reflect how change occurs in these systems and may in fact contribute to underlying patterns of exclusion and violence. Based on more than a decade of the author's work in peacekeeping, this book offers a systemic mapping of how governance systems work, and indeed work against, UN interventions. Pursuing a complexity-driven approach instead helps to avoid unintentional consequences, identifies meaningful points of leverage, and opens the possibility of transforming societies from within.

Global headlines come to life as intrigue and international politics collide in this electrifying debut thriller from Matthew Palmer.'Detailed and atmospheric, The American Mission is an exciting, grown-up spy thriller packed with insider knowledge. Highly recommended.'Charles CummingAfter a devastating experience in Darfur strips Alex Baines, former rising star of the State Department, of his security clearances, he is faced with two choices: spend the rest of his career in visa-stamping limbo or move to the private sector. On the verge of resigning, he receives a call from his old mentor with an incredible opportunity to start over with a role in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Yet the job isn't quite what Alex imagined it to be, for he finds a shady U.S.-based mining company involved everywhere he turns.As violence in the political climate escalates, Alex struggles to balance the best interests of the United States with the fate of the Congo and its people. His loyalties are put to the test as he races to determine the right course of action.'A thrilling read with razor-sharp prose and a haunted, memorable hero... Left me breathless and thinking long after the last page.'Dreda Say Mitchell, CWA Dagger-winning author'A thriller of great integrity and intelligence…I highly recommend it.'Douglas Preston, #1 New York Times bestselling author'There's the mission the public knows, and the mission we'll never see. Matthew Palmer knows both, which is what makes The American Mission crackle with complexity and authenticity. What a debut.'Brad Meltzer, #1 New York Times bestselling author

In 1978, Congolese inventor David Wabeladio Payi (1958–2013) proposed a new writing system, called Mandombe. Since then, Mandombe has grown and now has thousands of learners in not only the Democratic Republic of Congo, but also France, Angola and many other countries. Drawing upon Ramon Sarró's personal friendship with Wabeladio, this book tells the story of Wabeladio, his alphabet and the creativity that both continue to inspire. A member of the Kimbanguist church, which began as an anticolonial movement in 1921, Wabeladio and his script were deeply influenced by spirituality and Kongo culture. Combining biography, art, and religion, Sarró explores a range of ideas, from the role of pilgrimage and landscape in Wabeladio's life, to the intricacies and logic of Mandombe. Sarró situates the creative individual within a rich context of anthropological, historical and philosophical scholarship, offering a new perspective on the relationships between imagination, innovation and revelation.

This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book examines how China can increase the share of natural gas in its energy system. China's energy strategy has global ramifications and impact, and central to this strategy is the country's transition from coal to gas. The book presents the culmination of a two-year collaboration between the Development Research Center of the State Council (DRC) and Shell. With the Chinese government's strategic aim to increase the share of gas in the energy mix from 5.8% in 2014 to 10% and 15% in 2020 and 2030 respectively, the book outlines how China can achieve its gas targets. Providing both quantifiable metrics and policy measures for the transition, it is a much needed addition to the literature on Chinese energy policy. The research and the resulting recommendations of this study have fed directly into the Chinese government's 13th Five-Year Plan, and provide unique insights into the Chinese government and policy-making.Due to its global impact, the book is a valuable resource for policy makers in both China and the rest of the world.

This open access book is an encyclopaedic analysis of the current and future energy system of the world's most populous country and second biggest economy. What happens in China impacts the planet. In the past 40 years China has achieved one of the most remarkable economic growth rates in history. Its GDP has risen by a factor of 65, enabling 850,000 people to rise out of poverty. Growth on this scale comes with consequences. China is the world's biggest consumer of primary energy and the world's biggest emitter of CO2 emissions. Creating a prosperous and harmonious society that delivers economic growth and a high quality of life for all will require radical change in the energy sector, and a rewiring of the economy more widely. In China's Energy Revolution in the Context of the Global Energy Transition, a team of researchers from the Development Research Center of the State Council of China and Shell International examine how China can revolutionise its supply and use of energy. They examine the entire energy system: coal, oil, gas, nuclear, renewables and new energies in production, conversion, distribution and consumption. They compare China with case studies and lessons learned in other countries. They ask which technology, policy and market mechanisms are required to support the change and they explore how international cooperation can smooth the way to an energy revolution in China and across the world. And, they create and compare scenarios on possible pathways to a future energy system that is low-carbon, affordable, secure and reliable.

In this book, the authors analyse and offer some insights into the history of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). The story is told within the context of its conflicts, with an exploration of the complex and multilayered conflict causes and the attempts to resolve the conflict based on liberal peacebuilding. The book delves into an examination of gender relations in the country with insight into the gendered dimensions of conflict in the DRC and how liberal peace failed to resolve the conflict because of hidden agendas and interests by the West and other emerging powers as a typical replica of what has been ongoing in many conflict-laden countries / societies. The book is divided into two major parts. The first part, as noted above, delves into and dwells on the historicity and ontology of the conflict. The second part focuses on the various attempts at peacemaking that have taken place in the country, with emphasis on how liberal peace has failed to resolve the conflict. The book analyses various peacemaking strategies that have been employed and the role of women (or lack thereof) in peacemaking and peacebuilding processes; and finally, the failures, strengths, and weaknesses of international intervention strategies.

Based on a meta-theoretical approach and insights derived from analytic eclecticism as a comparative instrument, Olumuyiwa Babatunde Amao assesses Nigeria and South Africa's foreign policy and intervention behavior in Africa, with a special focus on the conflict episodes in Sierra Leone (1991-1998) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (1997-2005). The Foreign Policy and Intervention Behavior of Africa's Middle Powers: An Analytic Eclecticism Approach explores the relative merits of structural realism and social constructivism in explaining Nigeria and South Africa's motives and intervention behavior, and why more than one theoretical perspective is required to sufficiently analyze the complexity of their intervention decisions and behavior. It demonstrates the overlapping nexus between conflict intervention, structural constraints, relative power pursuit, and the dynamics of regional complexes. Amao demonstrates how Nigeria and South Africa's relative power positions, identities as African actors, de-colonization and anti-apartheid struggles, and the existing values and bonds that their contiguous states share play a crucial role in their intervention behavior. Using Sierra Leone and the DRC as case studies, this book illustrates the advantage of applying a multi-perspective eclectic approach to foreign policy analysis and provides an alternative to the theoretical turf wars that are all too prevalent in the discipline of international relations.

The Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa (DRC) played a key role in developing apartheid theology, syncretizing Reformed theology with race-based ideology. This paradigm changed rapidly between 1986 and 1990 with the General Synod decision, Church and Society. The result not only purged racist ideas from General Synod decisions supporting apartheid, but also brought a covert reception of the World Council of Churches'ideologybased theological syncretism. The DRC thus rejected classic Reformational theology, opening the door to a strong movement away from biblical faith.This volume analyzes this paradigm shift and idenitifies a way forward for a post-New South African social order based on sound covenant theology, to which the DRC once adhered. It proposes an effort to remove the obsolete syncretism with apartheid ideology and to restore a sound Trinitarian, covenantal, and sola scriptura theological foundation for a truly renewed Southern Africa. Professor Kreitzer brilliantly amplifies the significance of the theological errors which underlie the paradigm shift in the Dutch Reformed Church in South Africa towards the end of the twentieth century. This work is a must-read for anyone seeking to understand that shift's devastating consequences for Southern African society as a whole. Kreitzer convincingly shows how a return to a biblical understanding of justice and love is absolutely essential for the peoples of Southern Africa moving forward. —Adi Schlebusch, PhD, Director of the Pactum Institute and Research Associate at the University of Pretoria This book makes an original and significant contribution to our insight in the way radical change can happen in a challenging environment when the Christian church adopts different views. The example used is the biggest church denomination among the Afrikaners in South Africa, which altered its stance significantly on apartheid but also on other socialethical concepts. This book is a must read for those who are interested in the interplay of church and society, including the role of the Christian church in shaping society grounded on Biblical presuppositions. —Henk Stoker, PhD, Professor of Apologetics and Ethics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa

This book investigates Afrikaner anticommunism in South Africa in the twentieth century, focusing on the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC).Following contemporary understandings of anticommunism as a fluid ideological stance, it demonstrates that the deeply held anticommunist convictions of ordinary twentieth-century Afrikaners is more than merely a natural result of global politics. It examines how the DRC, the institution with the widest reach and deepest influence in the everyday lives of Afrikaners, played a significant role in perpetuating an anticommunist imagination amongst twentieth-century Afrikaners. The text explores the critical role the DRC fulfilled in legitimising overt opposition to and suppression of ‘communism'in all its perceived manifestations, including black dissent, whilst also creating an Afrikaner imagination in which the volk remained convinced of the ever- present communist threat, and of its own role as a bulwark against communism. The church's moral standing in Afrikaner society also made it susceptible to right-wing opportunists gaining mainstream political clout, which this monograph also exposes and explains. It ultimately concludes that anticommunism functioned as a vehicle for nationalist unity (and uniformity), a paradigm for Afrikaner identity, and a legitimiser of the volk's perceptions of its imagined moral high ground throughout the twentieth century.It will appeal to readers interested in anticommunism, Christian nationalism, right-wing networks, racism, and apartheid culture and society.

This book chronicles five decades of struggle to introduce family planning into one of the largest, most complex countries in sub-Saharan Africa: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).Interweaving details of major political, social, and economic events into the history of family planning in DRC (formerly Zaïre), the book analyses the achievements and setbacks of five decades of programmatic work. President Mobutu's 1972 discourse on Naissances Désirables (desirable births) opened the door to organized family planning programs, which gained considerable momentum in the 1980s despite societal norms favoring large families. Two pillages and armed conflict paralyzed development work during the decade of the 1990s, and family planning was one of multiple public health programs that struggled to regain lost ground in the 2000s. With new donor funding and implementing agencies, the 2010s witnessed rapid programmatic expansion and improved strategies. By 2018, family planning was operating as a well-oiled machine. But progress is fragile. The book ends by tracing the deleterious effects of the colonial period to contemporary programming and individual contraceptive use. It asks hard questions about donor financing. And it details the six conditions needed to accelerate family planning progress in the DRC, in pursuit of providing millions of Congolese women and men with the means of controlling their own fertility.The book will be of interest to development and public health researchers and practitioners, as well as to historians of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non (CC-BY) 4.0 license.

This is the true story of Adolphine, a refugee from the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) who was twenty-two when she had to flee her home in the war-ravaged DRC in 1996. She walked thousands of kilometres across Southern Africa to be reunited with her husband Sepano in Cape Town after two years of a desperate search. Her incredible journey to escape the ruinous rule of Mobutu Sese Seko was filled with many moments of terror and despair, every country having its own share of xenophobia. She told the writer – the retired national tracing coordinator of the International Red Cross's Restoring of Family Links programme in South Africa – “I felt as if the earth had teeth, I felt its bite when I was fleeing through Africa…”.Her story is a powerful intimate account of belonging and the anguish of displacement, of settling and being uprooted and how a deeply troubled household navigates this across time and space. Her story strongly highlights the vulnerability of women and children in times of war and unrest.Print editions not for sale in Sub Saharan Africa.

This book undertakes an interdisciplinary and cross-cultural interrogation of the Global South through the prisms of media and cultural studies. It closely explores the quotidian (re)territorialization, and brazen ruination of the material geographies of this vast expanse of the world by forces and proxies of (neo)colonialism and global capitalism of resource extraction. We cite the ongoing expulsion of Palestinians from their homelands by occupational forces, the emerging detritus dump across Mexico City and Lagos, the infrastructural precariousness of the favelas of Brazil, the unending resource-war in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), and the flagrant operation of the oil industry in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria as examples of this geographic cataclysm. The centripetal forces of neo-colonialism and resource extraction at full-flight in the Global South, aided by toxic hegemonic forces, have overtly tossed some of the population to the peripheries of existence and the society at large. As such, this book, additionally, explores the resistance of the subalterns from the margins to this socio-political malaise, and further unmasks the knowledge production from these margins of the Global South. This project is divided into five (5) parts of three essays each. The first part examines the territorial contestation in the Middle East framed and expressed through films and literary lenses. The second part examines the environmental burden of modern consumerism and urbanization on metropolis across Mexico, Brazil, and Nigeria, while the third part explores the attritional violence of resource extraction in the DRC, Brazil, and Nigeria via filmic and journalistic lenses. The fourth part offers a swift response from the margins through ethnographic and journalistic interrogation of the subjectivity of the subalterns of Brazilian favelas, and street artists. The fifth part offers an engaging critique of the political climates of South Africa and Brazil that reinforce the environmental catastrophe of the regions of the world.​

This book provides a critical analysis of the targets and objectives of The African Renaissance project as articulated by former South African President Thabo Mbeki. The work is divided into five chapters: South Africa before and since 1994; invaluable lessons for the African Renaissance project; targets and objectives of the African Renaissance as articulated by Thabo Mbeki; the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) as the litmus test for the African Renaissance; the DRC as the strategic heart of the African continental transformation; the African Renaissance Project: key issues, processes and developments. It provides a critical analysis of the South African socio-historical roots and targets in these issues, processes and developments of the African Renaissance project. The book has a conclusion and recommendations.

This book provides a robust gendered analysis and establishes a feminist approach to international actors'responses to sexual violence crimes in conflict in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and the impact of these global political practices on local gendered power relations.Sexual violence crimes in eastern DRC have received significant global attention and triggered calls by the international community to end this violence. This book critically assesses international assistance to the Congolese legal system to challenge sexual violence crimes, to determine to what extent it engages with the continuum of gendered violence from peacetime to conflict. It also examines whether international assistance has produced any transformations in gendered power relations in eastern DRC. The author investigates how challenging sexual violence crimes in conflict necessitates broader female empowerment and engagement with gendered power relations.This book will be of interest to scholars and postgraduate students in gender studies, development studies and international relations. It will also provide significant guidance for professionals working for development agencies and international NGOs focusing on eastern DRC.

Humanitarianism and Security contends that the search for stability and peace remains central to the political environment within the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Despite some positive political and economic progress observed in the Central African Region and the DRC in particular, the future of the region remains uncertain. Due to many unaddressed issues, including the multidimensional manifestations of humanitarian crises, the region is fragile with the potential for a relapse into violent conflict. Moreover, the DRC's humanitarian crises have yet to be effectively addressed as consequences and promoters of insecurity and violence. Based on the “humanitarian-security-development” paradigm as an inclusive operational framework, Humanitarianism and Security articulates the trend of peace recovery in the DRC as contingent upon issues of security and the refugee/internally displaced population crisis. It claims and demonstrates that effective solutions must incorporate considerations of pre-colonial security dynamics, the place and role of identity within the humanitarian discourse/strategies, the determinants of transitional public security (TPS), and the various dynamics regarding the return and re/integration processes, into one operational framework. This framework must be accompanied by a continued effort to build strong local institutions as a critical component to the sustainability of operations.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been widely derided as a failed state, unable to meet the basic needs of its citizens. But while state infrastructure continues to decay, many essential services continue to be provided at the local level, often through grassroots initiatives. So while, for example, state funding for education is almost non-existent, average school enrolment remains well above average for Sub-Saharan Africa.This book addresses this paradox, bringing together key scholars working on public services in the DRC to elucidate the evolving nature of governance in developing countries. Its contributions encompass a wide range of public services, including education, justice, transport, and health. Taking stock of what functions and why, it contributes to the debate on public services in the context of'real'or'hybrid'governance beyond the state: does the state still have a function, or is it no longer useful and relevant? Crucially, how does international aid help or complicate this picture?Rich in empirical detail, the contributors provide a valuable work for students and scholars interested in the role played by non-state actors in organizing statehood – a role too often neglected in debates on post-conflict reconstruction.

An infectious disease threat is unique because of the transmissibility of diseases and the mobility of human populations. Infectious disease threats in recent years—such as Zika and Ebola outbreaks—have heightened the United States'attention to future potential threats, and raised questions about the nation's preparedness and response capabilities. Chapter 1 describes funding HHS has made available to awardees through its key preparedness and capacity-building programs—ELC, HPP, and PHEP; and these programs'performance measurement data on the awardees'infectious disease preparedness capacity. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the Zika virus a public health emergency of international concern in February 2016. Zika virus disease can cause adverse pregnancy and neurological outcomes. Chapter 2 examines information on what is known and not known about the epidemiology of the Zika virus, and any challenges with conducting surveillance and epidemiological studies, characteristics of different diagnostic tests authorized during the outbreak, challenges test manufacturers and users faced, and the extent to which FDA and CDC followed their own communication guidance, and the strengths and limitations of available mosquito control methods, and challenges federal agencies face supporting these efforts. Chapter 3 describes the status of funds obligated and disbursed from the Zika supplemental funding appropriated to HHS and its agencies; and how selected awardees used their Zika supplemental funding, and their experiences with applying for and managing the funding. Chapter 4 examines the status of USAID and State funding for U.S. Zika response overseas, activities supported by these funds, and implementation challenges, if any, and responses to any challenges. The 2014-2015 Ebola outbreak in West Africa caused long-term second-order impacts, including disruptions to health systems, job loss, and food insecurity. As of September 30, 2017, of the USD 1.6 billion that the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) had obligated for the Ebola outbreak. Chapter 5 examines obligations for USAID's Ebola recovery projects, the status of USAID's implementation of these projects, and USAID's evaluation of Ebola recovery efforts. On August 1, 2018, the World Health Organization (WHO) reported a new Ebola outbreak in eastern DRC, about a week after declaring that a separate outbreak had ended in western DRC as reported in chapter 6. Between September 2018 and May 2019, the number of African swine fever (ASF) outbreaks has rapidly increased, most notably in China, triggering economic losses in affected pork-producing countries as discussed in chapter 7. As reported in chapter 9, Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major, and evolving, health challenge in many parts of the world and a priority for the U.S. Congress and international community. Congress has long taken an interest in infectious disease prevention and control. According to chapter 10, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine is 97% effective in preventing infection and related deaths, and routine MMR vaccination is recommended for all children.

This electronic version has been made available under a Creative Commons (BY-NC-ND) open access license. Everyday resistance, peacebuilding and state-making addresses debates on the liberal peace and the policies of peacebuilding through a theoretical and empirical study of resistance in peacebuilding contexts. Examining the case of'Africa's World War'in the DRC, it locates resistance in the experiences of war, peacebuilding and state-making by exploring discourses, violence and everyday forms of survival as quotidian acts that attempt to challenge or mitigate such experiences. The analysis of resistance offers a possibility to bring the historical and sociological aspects of both peacebuilding and the case of the DRC, providing new nuanced understanding on these processes and the particular case. The book also makes a significant contribution to the theorisation of resistance in International Relations.

Eight-year-old Etienne and his family live in The Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Kidnapped by a rebel army and forced to be a child soldier, Etienne finally escapes and is sent to a camp for freed child soldiers. He is reunited with his family who then flee the country, arriving as refugees in Canada. Interspersed with facts about the DRC and its people, this narrative tells a story common to many refugees fleeing the country. Readers will learn about the experiences of child soldiers and how they can help refugees in their communities and around the world who are struggling to find permanent homes.

An advanced reference documenting, in detail, every step of a real System-in-Package (SiP) design flow Written by an engineer at the leading edge of SiP design and implementation, this book demonstrates how to design SiPs using Mentor EE Flow. Key topics covered include wire bonding, die stacks, cavity, flip chip and RDL (redistribution layer), Embedded Passive, RF design, concurrent design, Xtreme design, 3D real-time DRC (design rule checking), and SiP manufacture. Extensively illustrated throughout, System in Package Design and Simulation covers an array of issues of vital concern for SiP design and fabrication electronics engineers, as well as SiP users, including: Cavity and sacked dies design FlipChip and RDL design Routing and coppering 3D Real-Time DRC check SiP simulation technology Mentor SiP Design and Simulation Platform Designed to function equally well as a reference, tutorial, and self-study, System in Package Design and Simulation is an indispensable working resource for every SiP designer, especially those who use Mentor design tools.

This book addresses the most important judicial aspects in relation to the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber (DRC), as well as the different categories of disputes, inter alia, the termination of player contracts, the amount of compensation, sporting sanctions, training compensation and the solidarity mechanism. The DRC was established in 2001 by FIFA for the purpose of resolving disputes regarding the international status and transfer of players. Since then the DRC has developed into a major and influential alternative resolution body, with an impressive and everincreasing caseload. In this updated and revised Second Edition the most important decisions of the DRC as of the date of its establishment in 2001 until 2016 are analysed. It is a reference work for those with a legal and financial interest in professional football, such as lawyers, agents, managers and administrators, but is also aimed at researchers and academics. Michele Bernasconi, Attorney-at-law in Zurich, Switzerland, Arbitrator at CAS and President of the Swiss Sports Law Association provided a foreword for the book. Frans M. de Weger is senior legal counsel working for the Dutch Federation of Professional Football Clubs (FBO). In 2015 he was, at the proposal of the European Club Association (ECA), appointed as an arbitrator for the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS). As a legal counsel and a CAS arbitrator he is involved in several national and international football-related legal disputes. This book appears in the ASSER International Sports Law Series, under the editorship of Prof. Dr. Ben Van Rompuy and Dr. Antoine Duval. “Frans de Weger's work on the jurisprudence of the DRC is a “must-have” for anybody dealing with sports law and, in particular, dealing with football issues under the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players.” Massimo Coccia Professor of International Law and Attorney-at-Law in Rome and CAS Arbitrator “Where to go when trying to understand the FIFA Regulations on the Status and Transfer of Players? Now Frans de Weger has the answer with his new version of the much-awaited and needed Jurisprudence of the FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber.” Juan de Dios Crespo Pérez Sports Lawyer “The second edition of this book, which is systematic and practical at the same time, will surely be of great interest to both specialists active in the world of “football law” and aspiring individuals.” Wouter Lambrecht Attorney-at-law, Head of Legal at the European Club Association, FIFA Dispute Resolution Chamber Member and Mediator at the CAS

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) has been called the'worst place in the world'for women, with reports of widespread and horrific incidents of rape and sexual violence and almost complete impunity for the perpetrators of such violence. However, despite the high profile media reporting on sexual violence in the DRC, and the widely publicized responses of the international community, there is still very little real analysis of the real situation of women in the country. This book provides such detailed analysis of gender relations in the DRC, and goes beyond the usual explanations of sexual violence as a product of conflict, to examine the complex and socially constructed gender norms and roles which underlie incidences of violence. The book benefits from a comprehensive account of men's and women's roles in conflict, violence, peace building and reconstruction, and evaluates the impacts of national and international political responses. In doing so, this book provides valuable new evidence and analysis of the complex and multilayered conflicts in the DRC.

This Selected Issues paper takes stock of poverty in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Poverty has receded in the DRC over the last decade on the back of gradual stabilization in the security and political situation, strong economic growth, and sharp decline in inflationary pressures. Most social indicators also improved during the period. However, poverty remains pervasive with a level still among the highest in sub-Saharan Africa, and DRC will likely not achieve any of the Millennium Developments Goals by 2015. Policy actions should focus on fostering the development of labor-intensive sector, increasing social spending, and redirecting public resources to the poorest regions of the country.

The boom in South–South relations since the early 2000s has seen a flurry of investment in African infrastructure from emerging markets across the Global South. While the extent to which these projects spur growth is constantly debated, few studies have addressed their impact on ground-level political and socio-economic practices in Africa—or their consequences for transnational governance more broadly.Through the lens of infrastructure, this book investigates the developmental ideas, processes and techniques that have travelled to and emerged from Africa as a result of Global South–led projects. How have they been adapted, transformed and contested by local actors? How does this shape business–society relations? And how has this challenged the Western-dominated global order? The contributors zoom in on large-scale Chinese-, Brazilian- and Indian-funded ventures—dams, ports, roads and mines—across countries including Kenya, Mozambique and the DRC. These ‘frontier zones', bringing together politicians and practitioners, campaign groups and communities from Africa and elsewhere, offer a unique insight into the global workings of our contemporary world.Taking a bottom-up approach, Africa's Global Infrastructures explores the longer-term significance and implications of these pluralistic socio-economic interactions, for the continent and beyond.

What are the key questions of the First Letter of Peter, how does it offer questions and challenges for us today and ultimately how does it speak to readers 2000 years after it was composed? Justin Welby, Jennifer Strawbridge and Abigail Harries Martin develop the expositions offered by Archbishop Justin at the 2022 Lambeth Conference to explore the key themes from 1 Peter and draw out questions and challenges from 1 Peter for today's church and world. Acknowledging that key words and phrases from 1 Peter are understood differently in different contexts – such as language of suffering, definitions of holiness, and how we describe hope - this volume also innovatively draws in voices from more than 20 countries including Kenya, Mozambique, the USA, Malaysia, DRC, Pakistan, and New Zealand. The volume concludes with five short reflections on the epistle from Isabelle Hamley, Paul Swarup, Esther Mombo and Godfrey Adera, Paulo Ueti and Jennifer Strawbridge.

This book is intended for a wide readership, ranging from students in secondary schools and teacher training colleges to language teachers at all levels of education. It should also be useful for language students and lecturers in institutions of higher learning as well as researchers in languages and related areas. Due to the nature of the readership, language theories are applied sparingly. This book endeavours to cover the major areas of language study as they relate to Runyakitara. They range from phonetics and phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, translation and interpretation, including the orthography of Runyakitara. In Uganda, the mutually intelligible languages or dialects that make up Runyakitara include: • Runyankore, to which should be associated sub-dialects such as Ruhima, Ruhororo, Runyaruguru, Rutagwenda and to some extent Rukooki. • Rukiga, to which should be associated such sub-dialects as Runyaifo, Runyangyezi, Rusigi, Ruhimba, Rugyeri, Ruheesi, and Runyabutumbi. • Runyoro, to which should be associated such sub-dialects as Ruruuli, Runyara, and Rugangaizi. • Rutooro, to which should be associated such sub-dialects as, Rusongora, Rutuku, Runyakyaka, Orutooro rwa Hansozi and Lubwisi. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), we have Ruhuma and Ruhema. In Tanzania we have Runyambo, Ruhaya and Kikerewe.

Kongo. One of the major linguæ francæ spoken in Central Africa. Monokutuba, Kikongo ya Leta and Kituba are three variants of one and the same language that some specialists call Kongo. This grammatical dictionary contains detailed explanations which show both the similarities and the differences between the three dialects. This book – both a dictionary and a grammar, and the very first of its kind – is the result of more than twenty years spent in the two Congos as well as with the Congolese diaspora in Europe. Kongo is a somewhat academic and linguistic term. Those who speak the language themselves call it Monokutuba, Kikongo ya Leta, Kituba, or just plain Kikongo, although this should not be confused with Kikongo proper, which is a separate though related language. The Kongo speech area extends from Pointe Noire on the Atlantic coast of the Republic of Congo to the eastern part of the former province of Bandundu in the DRC, a distance of more than a thousand kilometres. It is therefore not surprising that differences have been created between the variants of the language spoken at the two extremes of this vast area, especially since a linguistic “island” – that of Kinshasa Lingala – is located in the middle. The three main centres of the language, with the name that its speakers themselves give to the language they speak, are: Kikwit – where people call their language Kikongo, although speakers of “real” Kikongo often refer to it as Monokutuba, a pejorative term that means “Me Speak”, with the implication that it is a creole. This is not entirely incorrect, but all the great linguae francae of world history have been creoles in some way or another, simplified versions of a more complex ancestor. We can mention French, which has lost the declensions of Latin, or Greek koïné, the language in which the “New Testament” was written, which has been greatly simplified compared to classical Greek. Matadi – where people refer to their language as Kikongo ya Leta, the state language, heavily influenced by Lingala and Kiyombe. Pointe Noire – where the variant is called Kituba, spoken throughout the western part of the Republic of Congo, as well as in part of the capital, Brazzaville. Kituba has absorbed large numbers of Lari words. This dictionary – and its Lingala companion – uses a ground-breaking new system to help learners with some of the difficulties that learners of Bantu languages often face. These are some of the innovative and original features of our books: Underlining of verb roots: All three of these languages are in the Bantu group. A characteristic of all Bantu languages is that they are built up from verb roots. We propose a new system wherein all verb roots are underlined to enable the researcher to make connections easily between seemingly unrelated words. For example, whereas the English words ‘alcohol', ‘intoxicate'and ‘insanity'have no obvious common etymology, by underlining the root in the equivalent words in Kongo malavu, kulausa and kilawu, we see instantly that they are all derived from the verb root -lauk-, meaning ‘to get drunk, go mad'. Grammatical boxes in the body of the dictionary: Bantu languages use affixes to modify the meaning of the root, making dictionaries arranged according to the traditional pattern of very limited use for those not familiar with the grammatical structure. Many words in any given Bantu text will not feature as headwords. We have therefore used an original method, incorporating these affixes into the body of the dictionary, along with a brief grammatical explanation of their function, to enable the user to find the meaning of the word being researched. These boxes have a border to distinguish them from the headwords. Explanation of cultural features: Many words relating to cultural practices and realities have no equivalent in European languages. Small articles within the body of the dictionary will describe and explain these features. Le kongo est une des g

This book addresses the relationship between efficient management of critical minerals and sustainability in the Global South, including Sub-Saharan Africa. Critical minerals are essential raw materials for the technologies that are pivotal in today's energy transition. However, critical mineral host states and communities face social, economic, ecological, political, technological, and governance injustices. The book contends that the criteria currently used in assessing criticality and critical mineral development do not fulfil the sustainable development ambitions of developing countries and that broader considerations must be taken into account to include the stakeholders involved as well as the spatial dimension of the critical mineral value chain. In particular, the book argues that the law must consider the broader context in which minerals become critical to particular processes. It positions this argument within the current context of climate change, the just energy transition, the minerals-energy nexus, and geopolitical tensions. By analysing the copper-cobalt value chain through case studies on DRC, Zambia, China, and the EU, the book provides new avenues for critical mineral development and acknowledges the necessity for sustainability amidst the exacerbated impacts of climate change. Addressing a key challenge of the global energy transition, the book argues for a just holistic framework, which includes parameters such as domestic value addition, human rights in business development, environmental sensitivity, the development of communication channels from remote marginalised communities to international policymakers, and the re-designing of criticality considerations beyond supply and economic aspects.

The boom in South-South relations since the early 2000s has seen a flurry of investment in African infrastructure from emerging markets across the Global South. While the extent to which these projects spur growth is constantly debated, few studies have addressed their impact on ground-level political and socio-economic practices in Africa--or their consequences for transnational governance more broadly. Through the lens of infrastructure, this book investigates the developmental ideas, processes and techniques that have travelled to and emerged from Africa as a result of Global South-led projects. How have they been adapted, transformed and contested by local actors? How does this shape business-society relations? And how has this challenged the Western-dominated global order? The contributors zoom in on large-scale Chinese-, Brazilian- and Indian-funded ventures--dams, ports, roads and mines--across countries including Kenya, Mozambique and the DRC. These'frontier zones', bringing together politicians and practitioners, campaign groups and communities from Africa and elsewhere, offer a unique insight into the global workings of our contemporary world. Taking a bottom-up approach, Africa's Global Infrastructures explores the longer-term significance and implications of these pluralistic socio-economic interactions, for the continent and beyond.

Explores the dynamics of African masquerades and mask performances on the continent, linking performative expressions to societal characteristics.What is the meaning of masks and masquerades in African traditions and how can we understand their role in rituals and performances? Why do we find masks in some African regions and not in others, and what does this'mask habitat'say about the general dynamics of masquerades in Africa? Though masks are among the most famous art icons of Africa, exploration of their uses and the way in which they articulate social characteristics of African societies has been underexamined. This book takes an anthropological perspective on the phenomenon of masquerades on the African continent to show how mask rituals are an integral part of African indigenous religions and societies, and are informed by and linked to specific types of social and ecological conditions. Having established the commonalities of mask rituals and a mask typology, the authors look at the varieties of mask performances and the types of rituals in which masks function in rites of passage and in rituals of gender, power, and identity. The following chapters focus on different types of rituals featuring masks, from initiation and death ceremonies to secrecy, kingship, law and war. With its broad examination of the use of masks on the continent, from Angola to Burkina Faso, Cameroon, DRC, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Liberia, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, this well illustrated book will stand as an authoritative study of the use of masks, of interest not only to those in African Studies but to anthropologists and ethnographers worldwide.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of post-war labour market reconstructions, in the context of a regional bloc whose member states have experienced conflict. Focusing on the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region, the book explores how major conflicts often expose shortcomings in affected countries particularly on their post-war labour market reconstruction processes. The authors discuss how countries in the SADC region in particular are equipped to navigate such processes. This key question drives the overview of relationships between labour market issues and wars of liberation from colonial rule and apartheid, rights to self-determination and racial (in)equality and the need to succinctly explain how labour market issues shaped civil wars in some post-independent SADC member states. The book examines the role of the state in reconstruction processes of post-war labour markets and the contribution of labour market institutions to these reconstructions. It further analyses private sector participation in remaking labour markets and workers'experiences in finding employment in labour markets under reconstruction. The book provides specific insights from experiences in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC).

This book investigates why peace and reform processes across the world have recently been stagnating or have become blocked. They have failed to maintain security, rights, development, and justice in the liberal international order. The book identifies the related rise of counter-peace processes at the heart of failed peacemaking efforts, and explores the implications for an emerging multi-polar order where local and international tools for peace and reform appear to be ineffective. Across a range of recent cases, from Cambodia, the Balkans, the Sahel region, DRC, Colombia, Afghanistan, and many others, such dynamics are becoming clearer. In particular, small-scale blocking tactics across different peace processes have been evolving into larger political strategies which are then disseminated within revisionist and revanchist international networks. Ultimately, this phenomenon has undermined liberal international order.Spoilers and tactical blockages to peace have connected across local, national, regional and international scales, highlighting ideological divisions. Drawing on counter-revolutionary theory, the concept of counter-peace is used as a tool to critically interrogate a systemic array of blockages to peace. Distinct counter-peace patterns are now entangled in peace and reform processes, including the stalemate pattern, the limited counter-peace, and the unmitigated counter-peace patterns. Across cases, once tactical blockages begin to form these patterns, they become systemic and ultimately enable conflict escalation. Consequently, the intimate entanglement of the existing international peace architecture with counter-peace processes points to ideological divisions in international order, as well as the growing gulf between diminished practices of peace and reform with critical scholarship on peace, justice, and sustainability.

This volume sets out to provide some answers to these questions through a series of studies on the Chinese “economic miracle”.. It focuses on several complementary policy areas that provide key insights in explaining the rapid growth trajectory of China, namely, macroeconomic and finance, industrial development, international trade and the digital economy. The book has greatly benefited from the discussions that took place in the two international workshops held in Beijing and Jakarta in 2019 and several webinars organized under the project in close cooperation with partner organizations including China's Development and Research Center (DRC), China's Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation (CAITEC), Indonesia's Institute for Development of Economics and Finance (INDEF), Ethiopia's Policy Study Institute (PSI) and Sri Lanka'Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA), with the participation of key actors from the public institutions, academia and the private sector.

This volume provides an analysis of the history, origins, and development of football in Africa. It brings together an edited assemblage of essays that describe and analyse football in nine African countries, including Cameroon, DRC, Egypt, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, and Uganda, from a social science perspective. The selection of these countries highlights the three major foreign languages and powers that have governed the continent; The English, the French, and Arabic, and provides a prism through which to analyze and compare how football developed in the various countries throughout Africa.This comparative methodology allow readers to identify similarities and differences in the progression of the game on the continent, and by focusing on football, an important relic of European colonialism in Africa, underscores the continued dependence on, and domination of Europeans on the Africans. In situating the genesis of the game, contributors examine and analyze the history, development, management, and mismanagement by bureaucrats at the political level as well as at various football federations throughout the continent.

Josée's story has put the reality of life out there.'You wake up in the morning with a normal life, and in the afternoon, gunshots make you leave everything you had behind'Said Josée. Her story tells how you can still fight for your rights even at a younger age. When she was a teenager, she was trapped in the war Zones in three different East African countries (Burundi civil war 1993, Rwandan Genocide 1994 and Congo DRC civil war 1996).'I was born refugee and always found myself in the same position in every country that I have lived in, until the age 29'She said. She was used to running away because of war and became so traumatised to believe that she could settle or feel comfortable living in a new country without being worried that anytime things might turn around the wrong way. She always thought that war might break down and make her leave again. In her story of being a Survivor Champion, she also opens up about her experiences of domestic violence, living an emotionally abusive life and many more tragedies that will be found in the pages of this book. Josée's story shows that you can always be adventurous and try to move to other places for a better life. She says:'The best decision I have ever made in life, was moving to other places (countries, cities) for a better life. You don't have to settle for a painful life'

In Best New African Poets 2021 Anthology there are 18 French speaking African poets from DRC, Congo Brazzaville, Cameroun, Ivory Coast, Benin, Togo, Chad, Senegal, Comoros and more... 14 Portuguese speaking poets from Angola, Sao Tome and Principe, Mozambique and 63 English speaking African poets from among other countries, South Africa, Nigeria, Zimbabwe, Kenya, Uganda, Malawi, Swaziland, Lesotho, Zambia, Tanzania, Ghana, Gambia, Sierra Leone. A full gamut of issues is dissected, from love, marriage, relationships, spirituality, politics, culture, tradition, environmentalism, and the interstellar etc. Included are two collaborations: the first deals with marriage, juxtaposing Monogamy vs Polygamy with the 21th century lived experience; the second imagines humanity living as intergalactic beings. The poets were asked to be imaginative (to be fictional poets), to try to create and imagine human agency in this interstellar civilization approaching. There is also featured 5 group interviews with 5 previous contributors to this series. These interviews were interactive and collaborative, with largely the BNAP groups interviewing a poet, critically engaging with their work and discussing the literary and social aspects the poetry addressed. And lastly 4 reviews of African poetry.

Document from the year 2022 in the subject Pharmacology, Andhra University (A. U. College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam), course: Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs, language: English, abstract: This publication examines the regulatory guidelines for registration and submission criteria in South Africa. South African Health Products Regulatory Authority (SAHPRA) is the entity of the national department of health (NDoH) launched in February 2017. It replaced the former Medicines Control Council (MCC) as well as Directorate of Radiation Control (DRC) that regulated medical devices in-vitro diagnostic tests and devices, radiation-emitting products and devices used in health care and industry. Due to several drawbacks of MCC such as becoming dependent on external expertise, it eventually lead to lack of effective performance management contracts and unsustainable mechanism for submission of evaluation reports, SAHPRA is established. An application for registration of medicines should be submitted for evaluation and approval through SAHPRA guidelines which are applicable to human medicines including biological and complimentary medicines. So SAHPRA adopted EU variation guidelines for quality and bio equivalence requirements for new registration and variations that are submitted by applicant in eCTD format established by the International Council for Harmonization (ICH) of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. Submission of applications are done by following South Africa eCTD validation criteria in module 1 of regional information provided by South Africa.

In the last thirty years, the developing world has undergone tremendous changes. Overall, poverty has fallen, people live longer and healthier lives, and economies have been transformed. And yet many countries have simply missed the boat. Why have some countries prospered, while others have failed? Stefan Dercon argues that the answer lies not in a specific set of policies, but rather in a key'development bargain,'whereby a country's elites shift from protecting their own positions to gambling on a growth-based future. Despite the imperfections of such bargains, China is among the most striking recent success stories, along with Indonesia and more unlikely places, such as Bangladesh, Ghana and Ethiopia. Gambling on Development is about these winning efforts, in contrast to countries stuck in elite bargains leading nowhere. Building on three decades'experience across forty-odd countries, Dercon winds his narrative through Ebola in Sierra Leone, scandals in Malawi, beer factories in the DRC, mobile phone licences in Mozambique, and relief programs behind enemy lines in South Sudan. Weaving together conversations with prime ministers, civil servants and ordinary people, this is a probing look at how development has been achieved across the world, and how to assist such successes.

There is no shortage of scholarly literature on the right to enjoy the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health (the right to health) in general. However, little research exists with a focus on the specificities of the legal framework in African countries, including an investigation into domestic constitutional and statutory regimes of these countries. Furthermore, while human rights treaties and domestic laws on the right to health do not distinguish between modern and traditional medicines, there is a shortage of studies, including monographs, on access to modern and traditional medicine (TM) as part of the right to health. The present study partly fills in the gap by dealing with access to medicines as part of the right to health in two Sub-Saharan African countries, namely the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the United Republic of Tanzania. The thesis combines this general inquiry into the right to health with a specific focus on TM, including access to traditional medicines. TM is often overlooked in mainstream scholarship despite its immense practical importance for many people worldwide, especially in the DRC and the URT. Addressing TM in the context of the human right to health and analysing its challenges from a human rights perspective constitute an essential contribution to human rights scholarship. Therefore, the study considers modern and TM as part of the right to health under the global, African continental, and SADC regional and domestic human rights law.

This edited volume interrogates the intersection between viral pandemics, transnational migration and the politics of belonging in South Africa during COVID-19. The chapters draw on theoretical conceptions such as biopolitics, necropolitics, xenophobio/afrophobia and autochthonous citizenship to understand how South Africa has responded to the devastating effects of COVID-19 and the implications for the lives and livelihoods of African migrants. The book is written against the backdrop of deepening socioeconomic and political problems in South Africa, which have been exacerbated by the pandemic, exclusionary response strategies employed by the government and populist discourses about the dangers of hosting an increasing population of African migrants. Drawing on the experiences of migrants from Cameroon, DRC, Nigeria, Somalia and Zimbabwe, this book explores the challenges of these diaspora communities during lockdowns, their survival strategies and the effects on their social existence during and post the pandemic. From these case studies, we are reminded about the paradoxes of belonging and how COVID-19 continues to reveal different forms of global inequalities. They also remind us about the burdens of displacement and emplacement and how they are repeatedly politicised in South Africa, as the government grapples with endemic socioeconomic and political problems. The conclusion of the book examines the implications of COVID-19 for migration across the African continent and particularly for South Africa, as we witness new waves of xenophobic/afrophobic vigilantism driven by Operation Dudula.

Uganda is one of the most fascinating countries in Africa. Situated in the middle of the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa, it is home to diverse flora and fauna. Little wonder Winston Churchill famously named it “the Pearl of Africa”. Neighbored by South Sudan, DRC, Kenya, Tanzania, and Rwanda, Uganda claims the source of the River Nile and a larger share of Victoria, Africa's largest lake. Uganda's capital, Kampala is famous for hosting many international conferences and summits including the 2007 Commonwealth Head of Government Meeting. Uganda is witnessing rapid development, overseen by Yoweri Tibuhaburwa Museveni who has served as president since 1986, making him the longest serving leader in Uganda. Museveni came to power on the backdrop of a 5-year guerilla struggle that toppled the regimes of Milton Obote and the military junta of Tito Okello Lutwa.Historical Dictionary of Uganda, Second Edition, covers the history of Uganda using a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, and a bibliography. The dictionary section covers many entries on politics, economy, foreign affairs, religion, society, culture, and important personalities. The book provides a quick access for researchers, students, tourists, and anyone interesting in learning about Uganda.

Genocide denial not only abuses history and insults the victims but paves the way for future atrocities. Yet few, if any, books have offered a comparative overview and analysis of this problem. Denial: The Final Stage of Genocide? is a resource for understanding and countering denial. Denial spans a broad geographic and thematic range in its explorations of varied forms of denial—which is embedded in each stage of genocide.Ranging far beyond the most well-known cases of denial, this book offers original, pathbreaking arguments and contributions regarding: competition over commemoration and public memory in Ukraine and elsewhere transitional justice in post-conflict societies; global violence against transgender people, which genocide scholars have not adequately confronted; music as a means to recapture history and combat denial; public education's role in erasing Indigenous history and promoting settler-colonial ideology in the United States;'triumphalism'as a new variant of denial following the Bosnian Genocide; denial vis-à-vis Rwanda and neighboring Congo (DRC). With contributions from leading genocide experts as well as emerging scholars, this book will be of interest to scholars and students of history, genocide studies, anthropology, political science, international law, gender studies, and human rights.

This book aims to propose a unique analytical framework to find out the general successful experience for large developing countries, which are defined with two main physical characters of large population and vast land. They are naturally crucial for the global development. Thirteen countries are chosen as large developing countries in this book, which are China, India, Russia, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia, South Africa, Iran, Egypt, Pakistan, Nigeria, Ethiopia and Congo (DRC). On the basis of selecting massive data, the author analyzes the performance of large countries in terms of human resources, natural resources, market size and other factors. The book conducts the comparative study of large countries'latecomer strength, transformation path and innovation strategy with the perspective of development economics. It presents a comprehensive overview about large developing countries

This book draws upon case studies of the Congolese Christian diaspora in the UK and US and an ethnography of religious urbanization in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) to explore the making of religious spaces and moral landscapes in an era of globalization. Religion is a key aspect of the community, social and political life of Congolese migrants – many of whom have to address the predicaments of displacement, relocation and the status of being'a minority within a minority', as Francophone black African migrants in English-speaking countries. The book demonstrates the role of religion in the production of moral worlds and the ways in which for Congolese Christians this process both results from and facilitates a process of'regrounding'in the midst of ambivalent urban environments. Through a multi-sited ethnography the book also examines the impact of transnational religious practices on development and city-making in the homeland, in a context of increasing informalization and infrastructural deficit.Drawing on extensive ethnographic data, David Garbin captures the nuances of a complex and changing social, political and religious landscape for Congolese migrants relying on the construction of moral worlds and revealing the role of a range of connections but also disconnections between diaspora and homeland across multiple scales. An essential resource for scholars and researchers interested in the intersections of religion, migration and urbanization in both Global North and Global South contexts.

The exploitation of the mining and trade of “conflict minerals”—in particular, tin, tungsten, tantalum, and gold from the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)—has contributed to the displacement of people and severe human rights abuses. The 2010 Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank Act) addresses, among other things, trade in conflict minerals. This book looks at the progress made since the Dodd-Frank Act went into effect.

Offering an examination of the diplomatic and economic regional power structures in Africa and their relationships with each other, Dawn Nagar discusses the potential and future of pan-Africanism. The three primary regional economic communities (RECs) that are recognised by the African Union as the key building blocks of a united Africa are examined - these are the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), the East African Community (EAC) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC). These RECS include Africa's major economies – Egypt, South Africa, and Kenya but are also home to Africa's most conflict prone and volatile states – the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Burundi, South Sudan, Somalia and Lesotho. Providing a detailed overview of the current relationship between these power blocs, this book provides insight into the current state of diplomatic and economic relations within Africa and shows how far there is to go for a future of Pan-Africanism.

“Conceptually and empirically, this is the most thoughtful analysis of the role of EU's peace missions I have read so far. It starts with the ‘action for the sake of action'logic of CSDP development and offers a new interpretation of what CSDP could be, if just peace was part of its political agenda. A rare gem in European studies.”— Xymena Kurowska, Associate Professor of International Relations at Central European University, Hungary“This impressive research monograph provides a critical account of EUs peace missions by asking what these missions offer, how peace is built, and whom these missions serve. To address these important questions, Birgit Poopuu develops and employs an original and sophisticated discursive framework of telling and acting to conduct an in-depth investigation of EU peace missions Artemis in the DRC, EUFOR Althea in Bosnia-Herzegovina, and EULEX in Kosovo. This book's ground-breaking exploration advances the study of the EU as a peacebuilder.”— Annika Björkdahl, Professor of Political Science, Lund University, Sweden, and Editor in Chief of Cooperation and ConflictThis book critically explores the European Union's brand of peacebuilding in the form of its Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP). A contextually close reading of EU missions – using the fluid categories of telling and acting, stressing the dialogical ways of being, and taking heed of the concept of just peace as a particular guide to building peace – allows the book to tap into the specific meanings the EU has of peace, the ways in which it imagines its relationships with its varied partners, and perhaps most controversially, the way that being/becoming a global actor has been front and center of the CSDP. The analysis focuses on three core missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Bosnia-Herzegovina, and Kosovo. One of the recurring themes that emerges from the empirical chapters is the significance attached to acting, and that acting per se constitutes success of a mission, without much thought given to its substance, or the outcome of the EU's engagement. The imaginative force of this book rests on developing a set of context-sensitive analytical tools, encapsulated in the dialogical model of identity formation and the dynamic approach to analysing identity through telling and acting.

The ebook edition of this title is Open Access, thanks to Knowledge Unlatched funding, and freely available to read online. Drawing on historical and contemporary case studies, Gender and the Violence(s) of War and Armed Conflict delves into visual as well as text-based materials to unpack gender-based violence(s) perpetrated and experienced by both genders within and beyond the conflict zone. Considering examples of old and new wars ranging from the Holocaust, the 1971 Liberation War in Bangladesh; and the armed conflicts in the DRC, Iraq, Syria and Darfur, this book uncovers sexualised, genocidal and reproductive violence against both genders. Crucially, the author showcases examples of male victimisation, and thus redresses gaps within the literature. In particular, as part of an original gendered analysis of the war on terror, Banwell unpacks women's involvement in sexual violence against male prisoners at Abu Ghraib. By going beyond instances of interpersonal violence, and looking additionally at structural forms of gender-based violence, state violence, institutional violence and climate variability, this book broadens our understanding of both the causes and consequences of modern conflicts. Through her critique of gender essentialism, the author challenges gendered notions of who ‘is dangerous'and who is ‘in danger'during war/armed conflict. Eclectic in its approach, and multi-disciplinary in scope, Banwell's text is illuminating reading for academics, students and professionals working with war-affected populations.