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Rabies is one of the oldest known pathogens, is incurable, and has the highest fatality rate of all infectious diseases. The Americas is the only region with bat rabies virus, including vampire bat rabies. The region is rich in cultural references and notable for many discoveries in the field, including the current vaccine potency test, diagnostic assay, conception of oral vaccines for wildlife, the first human survivor and the first successful canine rabies program executed at a broad level. Rabies remains the most important viral zoonosis, with tens of thousands of human fatalities and tens of millions of exposures annually, which can be used to model for other pathogens, such as COVID-19. There is an international effort to eliminate human rabies caused by dogs over the next decade, and the Americas represent the primary region with the greatest proof-of-concept evidence to accomplish this goal. This two-volume set addresses the medical history and modern results of rabies in countries throughout the Americas, including the implications of and on cultural, economic, sociological, and research developments in the region. Volume II provides an in-depth analysis of the rabies'presence and impact in specific countries, including historical perspectives, advances in research and understanding, and current status.

This volume provides a comprehensive overview of human echinococcosis, a zoonotic disease caused by tapeworm parasites of the genus Echinococcus. Both cystic- (hydatid disease) and alveolar echinococcosis are included, covering the most important disease forms of medical and public health relevance. Presented findings focus China and Europe and are at the same time of global significance for clinical management and control programs under the One Health approach.Echinococcosis is a relevant neglected tropical disease (NTD) and targeted for elimination by the WHO as a public health problem. The present book aids the critical actions for understanding the disease and its surveillance. In addition to fundamental information on tapeworm epidemiology, biology and immunopathogenesis, the chapters spotlight details on ultrasound diagnosis and staging, CT and MRI imaging. Moreover, molecular diagnostic tools, novel chemotherapeutics, and current vaccine research are discussed.The book is a valuable resource for human and veterinary medicine considering the Sustainable Development Goals research (SDG 3: Good Health and Well-being). Scientists, students, and medical professionals will find significant content on animal reservoirs, parasite transmission, prevention and treatment options.

A deeply personal master class on how to read a natural landscape and unravel the clues to its unique ecological history Structured as a series of interactive field walks through ten New England ecosystems, this book challenges readers to see the world through the eyes of a trained naturalist. With guided questions, immersive photography, and a narrative approach, each chapter adds layers of complexity to a single scene, revealing the millions of years of forces at play. Tying together geology, forest ecology, wildlife biology, soil processes, evolution, conservation, and more, Noah Charney shows how and why landscapes appear in their current forms. Charney's stories and lessons will provide anyone with the necessary investigative skills to look at a landscape, interpret it, and tell its story—from its start as rock or soil to the plants and animals that live on it. Ultimately, Charney argues, by critically engaging with the landscape we will become better at connecting with nature and ourselves.

This open access book reviews the importance of ecological functioning within rangelands considering the complex inter-relationships of production agriculture, ecosystem services, biodiversity, and wildlife habitat. More than half of all lands worldwide, and up to 70% of the western USA, are classified as rangelands—uncultivated lands that often support grazing by domestic livestock. The rangelands of North America provide a vast array of goods and services, including significant economic benefit to local communities, while providing critical habitat for hundreds of species of fish and wildlife. This book provides compendium of recent data and synthesis from more than 100 experts in wildlife and rangeland ecology in Western North America. It provides a current and in-depth synthesis of knowledge related to wildlife ecology in rangeland ecosystems, and the tools used to manage them, to serve current and future wildlife biologists and rangeland managers in the working landscapes of the West. The book also identifies information gaps and serves as a jumping-off point for future research of wildlife in rangeland ecosystems. While the content focuses on wildlife ecology and management in rangelands of Western North America, the material has important implications for rangeland ecosystems worldwide.

This book unites cutting-edge research related to various aspects of dog olfaction. It includes rich expertise about detection dogs with application perspectives, and expands beyond.In four clearly arranged sections, readers will discover specialist contributions on:the fundamentals of olfaction, anatomy, comparative olfactory neuroscience and dysfunctionmethodological reflections on canine olfactometry and essential implications for practice, comprising dog selection for scent detection, handler bias and signal detection conceptsthe connection with dog behavior, cognition, welfare, and learning and training methodsdiverse application examples of dog olfactory capabilities, such as disease detection for diagnostics, infectious disease surveillance, forensics and ecological conservationThe unique and exciting link between science and practice makes this book a valuable read not only for researchers, but alsofor practicing veterinarians and professionals in the fields of canine detection, chemical sensing, working dog behavior and welfare.

The Puget Sound is a complex fjord-estuary system in Washington State that is connected to the Pacific Ocean by the Juan de Fuca Strait and surrounded by several large population centers. The watershed is enormous, covering nearly 43,000 square kilometers with thousands of rivers and streams. Geological forces, volcanos, Ice Ages, and changes in sea levels make the Sound a biologically dynamic and fascinating environment, as well as a productive ecosystem. Human activity has also influenced the Sound. Humans built several major cities, such as Seattle and Tacoma, have dramatically affected the Puget Sound. This book describes the natural history and evolution of Puget Sound over the last 100 million years through the present and into the future.Key Features Summarizes a complex geological, geographical, and ecological history Reviews how the Puget Sound has changed and will likely change in the future Examines the different roles of various drivers of the Sound's ecosystem function Includes the role of humans—both first people and modern populations. Explores Puget Sound as an example of general bay ecological and environmental issues

Dit boek helpt huisartsen om kennis over verschillen tussen vrouwen en mannen in ziekte en gezondheid toe te passen. De kennis over sekse- en genderspecifieke aspecten in epidemiologie, ontstaanswijze, pathofysiologie, diagnostiek, beloop en effecten van behandeling neemt toe. Het groeiend kennisdomein maakt een vertaling naar de dagelijkse praktijk noodzakelijk. Daarin voorziet dit boek. Gendersensitieve huisartsgeneeskunde, een handboek voor de praktijk stelt de verschillen tussen vrouwen en mannen in diverse levensfasen centraal. Het heeft oog voor verschillen in aard en presentatie van klachten in de spreekkamer, en voor de manier waarop vrouwen en mannen communiceren over, en omgaan met ziekte. Verder komen aan de orde onder meer pijn, aanhoudende lichamelijke klachten, IBS, fecale incontinentie, ziekte van Parkinson, pijnlijke gewrichten, dyspnoe, pijn op de borst, diabetes mellitus, schildklieraandoeningen, infecties, psoriasis, problematisch alcoholgebruik, stoppen met roken, stress, partnergeweld, rouwreacties, populatie gerichte zorg, genetica, en farmacotherapie. Meer dan veertig auteurs schreven mee aan Gendersensitieve huisartsgeneeskunde. De redactie was in handen van Toine Lagro-Janssen, hoogleraar Vrouwenstudies Medische Wetenschappen en kaderhuisarts urogynaecologie np, en Doreth Teunissen, huisarts en kaderhuisarts urogynaecologie.

The first modern scholarly synthesis of animal domesticationAcross the globe and at different times in the past millennia, the evolutionary history of domesticated animals has been greatly affected by the myriad, complex, and diverse interactions humans have had with the animals closest to them. The Process of Animal Domestication presents a broad synthesis of this subject, from the rich biology behind the initial stages of domestication to how the creation of breeds reflects cultural and societal transformations that have impacted the biosphere.Marcelo Sánchez-Villagra draws from a wide range of fields, including evolutionary biology, zooarchaeology, ethnology, genetics, developmental biology, and evolutionary morphology to provide a fresh perspective to this classic topic. Relying on various conceptual and technical tools, he examines the natural history of phenotypes and their developmental origins. He presents case studies involving mammals, birds, fish, and insect species, and he highlights the importance of domestication for the comprehension of evolution, anatomy, ontogeny, and dozens of fundamental biological processes.Bringing together the most current developments, The Process of Animal Domestication will interest a wide range of readers, from evolutionary biologists, developmental biologists, and geneticists to anthropologists and archaeologists.

This book addresses the multidisciplinary challenges in biodiversity conservation with a focus on wildlife crime and how forensic tools can be applied to protect species and preserve ecosystems. Illustrated by numerous case studies covering different geographical regions and species the book introduces to the fundamentals of biodiversity conflicts, outlines the unique challenges of wildlife crime scenes and reviews latest techniques in environmental forensics, such as DNA metagenomics. In addition, the volume explores the socio-economic perspective of biodiversity protection and provides an overview of national and international conservation laws. The field of conservation medicine stresses the importance of recognizing that human health, animal health, and ecosystem health are inextricably interdependent and the book serves as important contribution towards achieving the UN Sustainable Developmental Goals, in particular SDG 15, Life on Land. The book addresses graduate students, scientists and veterinary professionals working in wildlife research and conservation biology.

A mammal ecologist's “ode to this familiar yet mysterious creature... by turns lyrical, salty, funny and scholarly” (The New York Times Book Review).The fox. For thousands of years myth and folklore have celebrated its cunning intelligence. Today the red fox is the nature's most populous carnivore, its dancing orange tail a common sight in backyards. Yet who is this wild neighbor, truly? How do we negotiate this uneasy new chapter of an ancient relationship? Join British ecologist Adele Brand on a journey to discover the surprising secrets of the fabled fox, the enigmatic creature that has adapted to the human world with astonishing—some say, unsettling—success.Brand has studied foxes for twenty years across four continents—from the Yucatán rainforest to India's remote Thar Desert, from subarctic Canada to metropolitan London. Her observations have convinced her that the fox is arguably the most modern of all wildlife, uniquely suited to survival in the rapidly expanding urban/wild interface. Blending cutting-edge science, cultural anthropology, and intimate personal storytelling drawn from her own remarkable fieldwork, The Hidden World of the Fox is Brand's rich and revelatory portrait of the extraordinary animal she has devoted her life to understanding.“A spirited look at the red fox... Thanks to her mix of biology, personal history, and pop culture, Brand's readers will be left both entertained and better informed about ‘this small, curious member of the dog family.'”—Publishers Weekly

This manual expands and updates the information in the first edition to provide greater depth and breadth to enable practitioners to improve and refine the quality of veterinary care they provide for British wildlife. The first part of the manual covers general principles and features new chapters on capture, handling and transportation, triage and decision making, first aid and emergency care, wildlife anaesthesia, management in captivity, hand rearing, and the investigation of wildlife crime. This section is followed by chapters covering the key considerations for mammal, bird, reptile and amphibian species including handling, first aid, diagnostics, conditions, therapeutics and management. Includes capture, handling and transportation; triage and decision making; first aid and emergency care; legal and ethical issues; investigating wildlife crime.

The study of genetic exchange resulting from natural hybridization, horizontal gene transfer, and viral recombination has long been marked by controversy between researchers holding different conceptual frameworks. Those subscribing to a doctrine of'species purity'have traditionally been reluctant to recognise inferences suggesting anything other than a marginal role for non-allopatric divergence leading to gene transfer between different lineages. However, an increasing number of evolutionary biologists now accept that there is a growing body of evidence indicating the existence of non-allopatric diversification across many lineages and all domains of biological diversity. Divergence with Genetic Exchange investigates the mechanisms associated with evolutionary divergence and diversification, focussing on the role played by the exchange of genes between divergent lineages, a process recently termed'divergence-with-gene-flow'. Although the mechanisms by which such divergent forms of life exchange genomic material may differ widely, the outcomes of interest - adaptive evolution and the formation of new hybrid lineages - do not. Successive chapters cover the history of the field, detection methodologies, outcomes, implications for conservation programs, and the effects on the human lineage associated with the process of genetic transfer between divergent lineages. This research level text is suitable for senior undergraduate and graduate level students taking related courses in departments of genetics, ecology and evolution. It will also be of relevance and use to professional evolutionary biologists and systematists seeking a comprehensive and authoritative overview of this rapidly expanding field.