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p53: Structure, Functions and Role in Disease discusses the role of p53 dysregulation in different hematologic neoplasms defined by the current WHO classification. The prevalence of p53 aberration, mechanisms of p53 inactivation, regulation of p53 signaling pathway, and prognostic implications of p53 dysfunction in different hematologic malignancies are reviewed. The authors also discuss the prevalence of p53 mutations in cancers and important mechanisms underlying the impact of p53 mutations such as loss of function, dominant negative effect and gain of function. Recent findings related to the p53-mediated neuroprotective effects of natural compounds at the cellular, molecular, and behavioral level in various in vitro and in vivo models of neurodegenerative diseases are described, with a focus on Alzheimer's disease.