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Sommaire 1. Gabriel Bonnot de Mably et le droit naturel moderne : un essai de réévaluation, par Jean Dellemotte et Julie Ferrand 2. Les avant-courriers de l'entrepreneur innovateur à l'époque du capitalisme mercantiliste : faits et théories, par Domenico Catalano 3. De l'homo oeconomicus à l'homo sympathicus : les apports de la sympathie smithienne à la compréhension des comportements prosociaux, par Vanessa Michel 4. La'valeur nouvellement créée'de Marx et la valeur ajoutée de la comptabilité nationale, par Pierre Le Masne 5. Keynes et les « fondements ricardiens du marxisme », par Nicolas Piluso et Edouard Cottin-Euziol 6. Monétiser ou ne pas monétiser la dette publique… Est-ce vraiment la question? Une perspective postkeynésienne néo-chartaliste, par Jonas Grangeray 7. La mise à distance du « darwinisme social » de Spencer par Hayek, par Vincent Ortiz Recensions 8. Un nouvel éclairage théologico-politique sur les communs. Note de lecture de l'ouvrage Composer un monde commun, de Gaël Giraud, par Hervé Defalvard 9. A History of Ecological Economic Thought, Marco P. Vianna Franco et Antoine Missemer, par Jérôme Deyris

The famous equation that bears Erwin Schrödinger's name encapsulates his profound contributions to quantum mechanics using wave mechanics. This third, augmented edition of his papers on the topic contains the six original, famous papers in which Schrödinger created and developed the subject of wave mechanics as published in the original edition. As the author points out, at the time each paper was written the results of the later papers were largely unknown to him. This edition also contains three papers that were written shortly after the original edition was published and four lectures delivered by Schrödinger at the Royal Institution in London in 1928. The papers and lectures in this volume were revised by the author and translated into English, and afford the reader a striking and valuable insight into how wave mechanics developed.

Recycling is one great way to help the planet! Many things that we use every day—paper, plastic, glass, and metal—can be recycled to create new things. That means using fewer resources and less energy. This book equips readers with fascinating facts about how products are created and recycled, as well as suggestions for how they can recycle in their own lives. Brilliant graphics and engaging text will provide eco-conscious kids with great ideas for how to help Earth, one plastic bottle at a time.

The conflict in Western Sahara has endured for nearly half a century, yet remains little known on the world stage. Drawing on multiple sources, this book presents an expansive history of both the conflict and the region, encompassing the history of the early Moroccan empires, the successive migrations of Arab nomads across the Sahara, the age of European exploration and colonialism, and the postcolonial period, when the conflict erupted out of a complex set of forces that include longstanding regional tensions, North Africa's colonial legacy, the instability of post-independence Morocco, and diplomatic intrigues on the part of Western powers during the Cold War period. While it does not address the history of the conflict following the UN-mandated ceasefire of 1991, the book provides an overview for readers interested in both the conflict itself and the history of African nationalism in the post-war period.

Advances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations publishes both non-empirical and empirical articles dealing with accounting education. All articles emphasize teaching, learning and curriculum development, and discuss vital matters pertaining to the improvement of accounting programs at colleges and universities. Non-empirical papers are academically rigorous, and specifically discuss the institutional context of a course or program, as well as any relevant tradeoffs or policy issues. Empirical reports exhibit sound research design and execution, and develop a thorough motivation and literature review, including references from outside the accounting field, where appropriate. This 27th volume features 11 peer-reviewed papers surrounding three themes: (1) applied professional research and skills building; (2) generative artificial intelligence (AI) and analytics in the accounting curriculum; and (3) innovative practices in cost accounting and other areas. Faculty with an interest in accounting education as well as accounting program administrators should find all three themes to be highly informative and interesting. Some practitioners and regulators in the accounting profession may also find useful policy-related nuggets in Volume 27.

The manual process used in elections is weakened by human interference; it causes irregularities in the polls and delays vote counts. This book explores the benefits of replacing it with the electronic system, which has improved the quality of elections in many countries. The book has grouped democratic countries into two categories: mature democracies and new democracies. Germany, Japan, the Netherlands, the UK, and the USA represent the first group, and Bangladesh, Brazil, India, Pakistan, Russia, and the Philippines represent the second group. The first group overcomes malpractice in elections through long exercises, when they could be using technology for accurate and swift delivery of poll results. For instance, the US can overcome controversial elections by empowering the Federal Election Commission to establish a uniform system. Colonial and dictatorial legacies instigated citizens'undemocratic behavior in new democracies. Electronic voting has fixed malpractices in their elections in a shorter period. Therefore, this book argues that electronic voting should be implemented in both mature and new democracies.

The definitive biography of the creator of 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Shining, and A Clockwork Orange, presenting the most in-depth portrait yet of the groundbreaking film-maker.The enigmatic and elusive filmmaker Stanley Kubrick has not been treated to a full-length biography in over twenty years. Stanley Kubrick: An Odyssey fills that gap. This definitive book is based on access to the latest research, especially Kubrick's archive at the University of the Arts, London, as well as other private papers plus new interviews with family members and those who worked with him. It offers comprehensive and in-depth coverage of Kubrick's personal, private, public, and working life. Stanley Kubrick: An Odyssey investigates not only the making of Kubrick's films, but also about those he wanted (but failed) to make like Burning Secret, Napoleon, Aryan Papers, and A.I. Revealingly, this immersive biography will puncture the controversial myths about the reclusive filmmaker who created some of the most important works of art of the twentieth century

Good writing conveys more than the author originally had in mind, while poor writing conveys less. Well written papers are more quickly accepted and put into print and more widely read and appreciated than poorly written ones—and for notes, monographs, and books the quality of writing is of more importance that it is for papers. In Writing Mathematics Well, Leonard Gillman tells his readers how to develop a clear and effective style. All aspects of mathematical writing are covered, from general organization and choice of title, to the presentation of results, to fine points on using words and symbols, to revision, and, finally, to the mechanics of putting your manuscript into print. No book can by itself make you a better writer, but this one will alert you to the opportunities for better and more forceful writing. It does this both by precept and by example. This is no bland collection of rules, but a lively guide in the style of Strunk and White or Fowler—a book to be read for its sharpness and wit as well as for enlightenment. Writing Mathematics Well should be on the shelf of anyone who writes or intends to write mathematics. It will amuse and delight the already careful writer and it will help reform and refine the sensibilities of those who may be somewhat careless about their writing.

Collected here are the abstracts of the speeches delivered by the participants at the 24th International Congress of Byzantine Studies in the different sessions divided into Free Communications, Thematic Sessions, Round Tables, and Posters. Please refer to the Congress website for an overview of the programme: https://byzcongress2022.org/programme/.

research purposes, such as epidemiological research or machine learning. The legal framework of this secondary use derives from data protection law, in particular shaped by the GDPR, as well as confidentiality obligations. Data protection law, in particular the GDPR, apply when personal data are processed; their specific requirements are examined against the background of secondary use. To the extent that the GDPR applies, the requirements of informed consent as a legal basis are evaluated. Possibilities for data processing without consent are also considered and discussed. Finally, the paper examines the relationship between data protection law and confidential obligations and makes proposals de lege lata and de lege ferenda.

This book explores the latest advances in how knowledge organization can both draw on and inform different disciplines and technological developments. It examines how best to combine theory and practice. The content considers practical solutions as well as the theory behind the design, development and implementation of knowledge organization systems, ranging from controlled vocabularies, classification systems, metadata schemas to ontologies and taxonomies.

This volume contains the proceedings of the AMS Special Session on Recent Progress in Function Theory and Operator Theory, held virtually on April 6, 2022. Function theory is a classical subject that examines the properties of individual elements in a function space, while operator theory usually deals with concrete operators acting on such spaces or other structured collections of functions. These topics occupy a central position in analysis, with important connections to partial differential equations, spectral theory, approximation theory, and several complex variables. With the aid of certain canonical representations or “models”, the study of general operators can often be reduced to that of the operator of multiplication by one or several independent variables, acting on spaces of analytic functions or compressions of this operator to co-invariant subspaces. In this way, a detailed understanding of operators becomes connected with natural questions concerning analytic functions, such as zero sets, constructions of functions constrained by norms or interpolation, multiplicative structures granted by factorizations in spaces of analytic functions, and so forth. In many cases, non-obvious problems initially motivated by operator-theoretic considerations turn out to be interesting on their own, leading to unexpected challenges in function theory. The research papers in this volume deal with the interplay between function theory and operator theory and the way in which they influence each other.

This volume demonstrates the wide array of topics in ancient warfare currently studied by researchers around the world. Arranged chronologically in Greek and Roman history sections, the book takes readers through all manner of current research topics on ancient warfare, from traditional battle narratives or strategic analyses of campaigns, through the logistical considerations of armies in the field, to the ideology of women in war and mythology. The study of ancient war deals with a myriad of different topics and deals with themes in all types of history: social, cultural, economic, religious, literary, numismatical, epigraphical, ethnographical, topographical, prosopographical, and mythical, as well as the usual political and military. The study of ancient war is a field that is growing in popularity and continues to surprise us with many innovative new ideas, as shown in this collection of papers by established academics and current graduate students.

This book consists of a series of papers focusing on the mathematical and computational modeling and analysis of some real-life phenomena in the natural and engineering sciences. The book emphasizes three main themes: (i) the design and analysis of robust and dynamically-consistent nonstandard finite-difference methods for discretizing continuous-time dynamical systems arising in the natural and engineering sciences, (ii) the mathematical study of nonlinear oscillations, and (iii) the design and analysis of models for the spread and control of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Specifically, some of the topics covered in the book include advances and challenges on the design, analysis and implementation of nonstandard finite-difference methods for approximating the solutions of continuous-time dynamical systems, the design and analysis of models for the spread and control of the COVID-19 pandemic, modeling the effect of prescribed fire and temperature on the dynamics of tick-borne disease, and the design of a novel genetic-epidemiology framework for malaria transmission dynamics and control. The book also covers the impact of environmental factors on diseases and microbial populations, Monod kinetics in a chemostat setting, structure and evolution of poroacoustic solitary waves, mathematics of special (periodic) functions and the numerical discretization of a phase-lagging equation with heat source.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Alexandre Vinogradov Memorial Conference on Diffieties, Cohomological Physics, and Other Animals, held from December 13–17, 2021, at Independent University of Moscow and Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. The papers reflect the modern interplay between partial differential equations and various aspects of algebra and computer science. The topics discussed are: relations between integrability and differential rings, supermanifolds, differential calculus over graded algebras, noncommutative generalizations of PDEs, quantum vector fields, generalized Nijenhuis torsion, cohomological approach to the geometry of differential equations, the argument shift method, Frölicher structures in the formal Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy, and computer-based determination of optimal systems of Lie subalgebras. The companion volume (Contemporary Mathematics, Volume 788) is devoted to Geometry and Mathematical Physics.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Alexandre Vinogradov Memorial Conference on Diffieties, Cohomological Physics, and Other Animals, held from December 13–17, 2021, at the Independent University of Moscow and Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. The papers are devoted to various interrelations of nonlinear PDEs with geometry and integrable systems. The topics discussed are: gravitational and electromagnetic fields in General Relativity, nonlocal geometry of PDEs, Legendre foliated cocycles on contact manifolds, presymplectic gauge PDEs and Lagrangian BV formalism, jet geometry and high-order phase transitions, bi-Hamiltonian structures of KdV type, bundles of Weyl structures, Lax representations via twisted extensions of Lie algebras, energy functionals and normal forms of knots, and differential invariants of inviscid flows. The companion volume (Contemporary Mathematics, Volume 789) is devoted to Algebraic and Cohomological Aspects of PDEs.

In this book, for the first time, an examination of Egon Schiele's general painting technique is carried out. The main case study for this comprehensive investigation is the painting “Stadtende/Häuserbogen III,” 1918, one of Egon Schiele's last works, which is housed at Universalmuseum Joanneum, Graz, Austria. In this book, the conservation campaign is detailed: uncovering portrait sketches integrated and painted over in the painting, unmasking the signature as a forgery, and recognising the frame as the original decorative frame. The research in the years following the conservation is detailed: discussing that, among other pigments, cadmium sulphide was confirmed in the paint material, which will influence subsequent conservation measures for the painting. The book's examination continues with the complex interactions between environment and object that were also addressed in recently completed EU projects, concluding that continuously gained knowledge about external influences and storage materials used will help to adapt further measures to the painting as it continues to degrade.

In contrast to the Greek mainland, the Nazis occupied most of Crete between 1941 - 45. After the German troops'defeat in North Africa, Crete was turned into a fortress. This study examines the goals, methods and effectiveness of the German occupation policy, the reactions of the Cretan administration and of the population in particular, and also describes the opponents'combat operations. The study is based not only on written papers, documents and files of Greek, Cretan, British and German origin, but also on letters, manuscripts, expos'es and interviews by and with contemporary witnesses.

When you're finished with something, what should you do with it? Many people aim for the trash can, but eco experts can find ways to repurpose, reuse, and upcycle old products. This book introduces readers to real-life solutions for dealing with the “garbage” in their lives. They can use old clothes to make dolls, donate their toys, and compost food scraps. A thought-provoking activity will teach readers how things decompose. Exciting graphics and interesting facts will give readers the ideas they need to reuse things that many people would throw out!

This treasury features an entire year's worth of Mutts comics, including sketch art and illustrations by author Patrick McDonnell. Printed on recycled paper.

تعتبر الترجمة الإعلامية فرعًا مهمًا من فروع الترجمة، تختص بتقديم كافة المواد الإعلامية وترجمتها بشكل احترافي من اللغة الأصلية إلى اللغة الهدف. وهي وسيلة لاستكشاف المجهول ومعرفة أخبار الآخرين. وتعد الترجمة الإعلامية أيضًا من أهم أنواع الترجمات في العصر الحديث لأنها العامل الأساسي في نقل الأخبار والمعلومات ووسائل انتشارها عالميًا. فضلًا عن أن للترجمة الإعلامية أهمية بالغة، فهناك الصحفيون الذين يحررون الأخبار والتقارير التي يطلقها بها رؤساء التحرير والمسؤولون عن المحطات الإذاعية والبرامج الإخبارية الذين يتابعون الأخبار ويضعونها ضمن تسلسل الأولوية لنشراتهم التي يعدونها علي هذا الأساس. ونظرًا لأن معظم البلاد لها نظام إعلامي خاص به يتماشى مع إطار ثقافي ونظام قانوني يحكمه فضلًا عن السياسة الإعلامية التحريرية الخاصة بكل بلد، وهو ما ظهر جليًا نتيجة لتطور الترجمة الإعلامية في العصر الحديث، ويجب مراعاة أن لكل دولة نظامها الخاص في مجال السياسة والصحافة والإعلام. وتأتي أهمية الترجمة الإعلامية في العصر الحديث من كونها حاجة ملحة من أجل الاطلاع علي الأحداث التي تدور في الدول والمجتمعات. لذلك فإن الترجمة الإعلامية تتطلب خبرات ومهارات عمل عالية في هذا المجال، مثل المقدرة علي مواجهة عوائق ومشكلات الترجمة بشكل مهني، وسرعة في الاستجابة لتجنب الأخير في تحرير المواد الإخبارية والأنباء العاجلة وذلك بترجمة المصطلحات الإعلامية بشكل دقيق والتأكد من ترجمة سياق الجمل وصياغتها اللغوية بالشكل الأمثل، لأن النصوص الإعلامية تحتوي على كثير من المصطلحات والعبارات الدلالية. ومن المهم تجنب ترجمة النصوص والعبارات بأسلوب ركيك أو غير واضح أو أخطاء صياغة النصوص الإخبارية أو أخطاء أسلوب النقل والترجمة أو إضافة بعض الكلمات التي تخدم سياق النصوص أو ما يؤدي إلى اختلاف المعنى أو عدم الحيادية!

A la Corona d'Aragó de la Baixa Edat Mitjana la reina consort gaudí d'una rellevància inqüestionable a tots els nivells. Com a «companyona» del rei, lligada personalment i institucional al poder d'aquest, ocupava una posició única al si de la comunitat política, disposava de recursos propis, que gestionava segons les seues necessitats, i acomplia un important paper simbòlic. La present monografia omple un buit historiogràfic i examina la significació de la figura reginal en les esferes política, cerimonial i econòmica al llarg dels segles XIV i XV. En primer lloc, l'obra s'aproxima al cost de ser la reina: totes les consorts havien d'encarnar el model ideal de conducta assignat a la dignitat reginal, cosa que requeria la inversión d'enormes quantitats de diners procedents de la coneguda com a Cambra de la reina. En segon lloc, s'ofereix una panoràmica de l'evolució d'aquesta entitat, que concentrava els recursos ordinaris no financers a disposició de les consorts, entre el 1338, amb la reina Maria de Navarra, i el 1468, any de la mort de Joana Enríquez. Finalment, es presenta l'anàlisi de la gestió econòmica de les monarques del període, tenint en compte no només els ingressos ordinaris sinó també els financers o extraordinaris, per a tenir així una visió completa de l'activitat econòmica d'aquestes consorts. Amb el plantejament descrit es pretén oferir una visió el més completa possible de la relació existent entre política, finances i discursos del poder reginal a la darreria de l'Edat Mitjana.

The death of Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey has baffled scholars and armchair detectives for centuries; this book offers compelling new evidence and, at last, a solution to the mystery.On a cold October afternoon in 1678, the Westminster justice of the peace Sir Edmund Berry Godfrey left his home in Charing Cross and never returned. Within hours of his disappearance, London was abuzz with rumours that the magistrate had been murdered by Catholics in retaliation for his investigation into a supposed'Popish Plot'against the government. Five days later, speculation morphed into a moral panic after Godfrey's body was discovered in a ditch, impaled on his own sword in an apparent clumsily staged suicide. This book presents an anatomy of a conspiratorial crisis that shook the foundations of late Stuart England, eroding public faith in authority and official sources of information. Speculation about Godfrey's death dovetailed with suspicions about secret diplomacy at the court of Charles II, contributing to the emergence of a partisan press and an oppositional political culture in which the most fantastical claims were not only believable but plausible. Ultimately, conspiracy theories implicating the king's principal minister, his queen and his brother in Godfrey's murder stoked the passions and divisions that would culminate in the Exclusion Crisis, the most serious challenge to the British monarchy since the Civil War.

This book presents data and discusses the results of research conducted on crack cocaine consumption and other drug use in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, specifically in the area commonly referred to as'Cracolândia'('Crackland'). This context is marked by high social vulnerability, rife with numerous inequalities, violence, and human rights violations. The work describes the living conditions of individuals in this setting, narrating their social trajectories, urban itineraries, motivations for substance use, perspectives, and life projects.The book provokes a crucial debate concerning the iatrogenic effects resulting from prohibitionist-repressive'war on drugs'policies. It highlights potential alternative paths for formulating and implementing public policies and psychosocial interventions.'Amidst the Flow'serves as a valuable resource for researchers and professionals in the fields of addiction studies, healthcare, sociology, law, and drug policy-making. It presents a compelling call for a paradigm shift in drug policies.

This book is a multidisciplinary critique of the frequently invoked but seldom questioned notion of “human dignity,” a discursive tool that is subtly serving abusive power structures while seemingly promoting human rights. The discourse of human dignity misrepresents the meaning of empowerment for modern citizens, making them interested more in political gestures and less in profit, comfort and protection from abuse. Academics interested in the concepts of power and biopolitics, especially as articulated by European philosophers Michel Foucault and Georgio Agamben, and/or engaged with the works of non-native novelists of the English canon such as J. M. Coetzee and Kazuo Ishiguro, will find the insights of this book highly beneficial. This is a critical contribution to the intersectional study of literature and ethics.

This book explores the intricate interconnections between states and banking and financial systems, examining how the dominance of banks influences global politics. It delves into the multifaceted impact of government regulations on business operations and the economy, emphasizing the crucial role of central banks in managing money supply and inflation. Positioned at the nexus of society, banks and financial institutions exert significant influence on various societal concerns and play vital roles in the global economy. The book proposes that banks can drive social impact by focusing on areas such as their employees, customers, and the ripple effect created by their investments. It raises essential questions about whether the financial system's influence extends beyond shaping choices to impacting policy decisions, societal behaviors, and even opposition to state determinations. The work advocates for scholarly inquiries into the modern functions of states and financial institutions, addressing the pivotal actors shaping decisions within societies. While referencing preceding research, the book establishes a novel typology of research, recognizing the need for further refinement and elaboration within this relatively scarce domain of study, aiming to contribute to a deeper understanding of the evolving dynamics between states and financial systems.

Almost fifty years ago, the author wrote the first comprehensive critical study of social issues in computing, The Conquest of Will (1976). This new book revisits this seminal study, featuring an overview of technological advances over the past half century, and provides a unique comparison between what was believed and expected of computers back in 1976, and actual outcomes up to the present time. Despite the extraordinary changes in technology, much of what has emerged in contemporary society was anticipated fifty years ago, and we are still grappling with some of the same basic challenges. For example, the computer's threat to privacy has been a constant issue ever since the late 1950s, but the regulatory framework designed in the 1960s has been upended by the Internet. Artificial Intelligence too has been a contentious issue since the late 1950s, but until recently discussion was largely confined to academia, and there was little urgency to regulate its further development and application. The comparisons offered in this book will highlight what we got right and wrong in the past, and point to the sources of good and bad predictions. While there have been many studies of social issues in computing published since The Conquest of Will appeared in 1976, this is an unusual and valuable longitudinal comparison of the current situation with what prevailed and was predicted half a century ago.

The call for establishing a right to bank holds valid premises, yet this right has never been contemplated before. The book argues that introducing a right to bank under international law can offer a new route to ensure that the banking sector acts as a force for good like ethical banks currently do.The right to bank aims to address the fundamental issues that customers can experience while dealing with banks, introducing the paradigm: “get access; be respected; trust the system”. The right to bank is a right for everyone: in the transition from a financial crisis to a climate crisis, it empowers individuals to play an active role in the financial system through ethical and sustainable decision-making. It also stimulates financial institutions and governments to reflect about the fundamental role they play and to act wisely in furthering the ecological transition.The book therefore presents a proposal for establishing a right to bank, explaining the issues that this right aims to address, the benefits linked to its adoption, and the intended change it can trigger. Within this context, the author also presents the 10 Principles of Banking Social Responsibility, a new framework that the author decided to create in order to give concrete traction to the positive transition that the banking sector crucially needs to embrace in this challenging historical moment. This innovative work will be valuable for lawmakers, banking and finance professionals and researchers, governments and NGOs, including UN bodies.

Human and technical factors play a major role in the safety of aviation. From the competency of the airline pilot to the design and manufacture of aircraft, as well as how the aircraft is operated, there are compelling factors that a State must consider in implementing its safety management system. These elements are well regulated, in Annex 1 (Personnel Licensing); Annex 2 (Rules of the Air); Annex 6 (Operations of Aircraft) and Annex 8 (Airworthiness of Aircraft) to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago Convention) respectively. The overall philosophy of these Annexes is embodied in the broader principles contained in Annex 19 (Safety Management Systems). This book contains commentaries on the relevant Standards of these Annexes that require legal and policy analysis. It begins with a treaty interpretation of the Chicago Convention and the Annexes as well as their amendment processes and goes on to critically analyze the role of the International Civil Aviation Organization in that context. It then lays out the provisions of the four Annexes and offers legal and policy commentaries on Standards therein which are not self-explanatory, where applicable, relevant, and necessary. A significant feature of the book is its conclusion which asks questions and offers point by point suggestions in response that States could benefit from in ensuring the safety of international civil aviation. There has been no previous book published containing critical analyses and commentaries on Annexes 2, 6, 8, and 19 to the Chicago Convention in one repository of literature. This book will be of interest and use to aeronautical authorities; academics; students of international law and air law; legal practitioners and regulators worldwide.

None

The Postcard's Radical Openness offers a groundbreaking exploration of what this multifaceted, double-sided open card entails and how it has affected our being in the world. With a holistic approach, it focuses on studying the postcard's specific way of being and performing, a particular ontology that opens up what is constitutively implicated in such an apparently trivial artifact. The book, organized into four parts, meticulously unveils the postcard's political, technological, aesthetic, and ethical dimensions, ending with a coda correlating the postcard's radical openness to G. Klimt's painting, Nuda Veritas (1899) in reference to the scope of truth. By examining the postcard's complex worldwide history, its socio-cultural significance, and its global effect, the book reveals hidden stories shedding light on its impact on photography, printing, marketing, trade, and business practices and exposes the aesthetic, communicative, and ethical qualities that lie behind the enormous success of postcards at the turn of the 20th century. This comprehensive study is positioned as a thought-provoking invitation to scholars and students interested in material culture, media studies, and human interactions, as well as to history enthusiasts, art lovers, and postcard collectors. Offering a distinctive contribution, the book not only fills a void in the literature but also encourages readers to question and reflect on the transformative power inherent in the postcard's'radical openness,'presenting a novel and unparalleled analysis of this seemingly trivial yet culturally significant object.

The University of Hamburg (IIFS), the City University of Applied Sciences, Bremen and the Instituto Brasileiro de Direito Tributario (IBDT), Sao Paulo, have developed a comparison of Brazilian and German tax law. Around 80 experts from academia, tax consultancy and the judiciary worked identified similarities and differences in the business tax laws of the two countries. Brazil is an important trading partner for German industry, but since there is no double taxation agreement the risk of double taxation is particularly high. The comparison can show alternatives for tax regulations and at the same time will provide tax consultants and the exporting industry with a guideline for dealing with cross-border tax problems.

Criticism of the inadequacies of jurists'handling of witness statements and of their insufficient education in this area has been voiced many times for decades. A systematic examination in the sense of determining the necessary qualifications in legal and legal-psychological terms and a subsequent empirical examination of the actual situation with regard to the level of knowledge of judges and the content of their training has not yet been carried out. The author addresses this gap in jurisprudential and empirical research on a central aspect of criminal procedure.

This dissertation aims to rethink the current licensing of patents in order to enable the exploitation of the large number of granted but currently unused patents. Thus, it shows the deficits of the seemingly attractive but rarely used license of right under Section 23 of the German Patent Act, whose original goal of simplifying and reducing the costs of patent exploitation is currently being missed. In comparison to Chinese and British law, it formulates target-oriented legal amendments that could enable the general public to use patented inventions during the twenty-year patent term in return for appropriate remuneration determined by the German Patent and Trade Mark Office.

The private everyday world of humans is increasingly penetrated by smart systems of the Internet of Things. Based on this, the study examines the central areas of criminal law with regard to the protection of private users of smart systems – criminal product law on the one hand and computer and data protection criminal law on the other. These legal areas of'smart criminal law'are analyzed in detail and systematically with regard to their suitability for user protection, and any difficulties uncovered in the process are each presented with concrete solutions that are consistent with European and constitutional requirements. In addition, important points of contact and interaction between these areas of law in user protection are elaborated.

As a result of the terrorist attacks of 11th September 2001, the United States declared the fight against terror and the elimination of al-Qaeda in Afghanistan as its primary goals. After a quick victory over the Taliban, a sovereign democratic state was to be created in Afghanistan in conjunction with security sector reform. The Federal Republic of Germany's involvement in the Afghanistan mission marked a turning point in international crisis management. This book examines the effectiveness of the Bundeswehr's activities in reforming the Afghan security sector in cooperation with other national departments and alliance partners.