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Epigenetics in Human Disease, Third Edition examines the diseases and conditions on which we have advanced knowledge of epigenetic mechanisms, such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, aging, metabolic disorders, neurobiological disorders and cardiovascular disease. From molecular mechanisms and epigenetic technology to clinical translation of recent research, the nature and applications of the science is presented for those with interests ranging from the fundamental basis of epigenetics to therapeutic interventions for epigenetic-based disorders, with an emphasis throughout on understanding and application of key concepts in new research and clinical practice. Fully revised and up-to-date, this Third Edition discusses topics of current interest in epigenetic disease research, including stem cell epigenetic therapy, bioinformatic analysis of NGS data, epigenetic mechanisms of imprinting disorders, microRNA in cancer, epigenetic approaches to control obesity, epigenetics and airway disease, and epigenetics in cardiovascular disease. Further sections explore online epigenetic tools and datasets; early-life programming of epigenetics in age-related diseases; the epigenetics of addiction and suicide, and epigenetic approaches to regulating and preventing diabetes, cardiac disease, allergic disorders, Alzheimer's disease, respiratory diseases, and many other human maladies. In addition, each chapter now includes chapter summaries, definitions, and vibrant imagery and figures to reinforce understanding, as well as step-by-step methods and disease research case studies. - Includes contributions from leading international investigators involved in translational epigenetic research and therapeutic applications - Integrates methods and applications with fundamental chapters on epigenetics in human disease, along with an evaluation of recent clinical breakthroughs - Presents side-by-side coverage of the basis of epigenetic diseases and treatment pathways - Each chapter updated to include summaries, definitions, and vibrant imagery and figures to reinforce understanding - Features step-by-step methods and disease research case studies to put book concepts into practice

Balancing basic science with information on everyday clinical practice, Blumgart's Surgery of the Liver, Biliary Tract and Pancreas, 7th Edition, provides you with expert guidance and advances in the field so you can offer patients the most optimal diagnostic and surgical care. In two convenient volumes, Dr. William Jarnagin and his team of internationally recognized surgeons cover exactly what you need to know, including advances in diagnostic and surgical techniques, minimally invasive surgeries, new interventional diagnostic techniques, and all relevant diseases. This comprehensive, practical reference is designed to help you choose and perform the most appropriate procedures that will minimize inpatient hospital time, curtail costs, and reduce overall recovery time for your patients. - Presents cutting-edge guidance on pathology, diagnostics, surgery and non-operative intervention of the liver, biliary tract, and pancreas in one highly regarded, authoritative reference. - Covers all surgical approaches, both open and minimally invasive. - Considers all worldwide opinions and approaches to management, and includes key data on surgical outcomes to better inform clinical decision-making. - Contains 161 chapters with updated references and additional figures—more than 1,500 illustrations in all. The imaging section has been reorganized to reflect a disease-based approach. - Includes new and expanded sections on advances in molecular characterization of benign and malignant HPB diseases, perioperative management, interventional techniques, minimally invasive surgery and robotics, and therapeutic advances for malignant disease. - Features a section dedicated entirely to operative technique, plus a new historical chapter authored by Professor Jacques Belghitti:'Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery: Historical Perspective.

Written and edited by an international team of renowned authorities, MacSween's Pathology of the Liver, 8th Edition, remains the field's definitive reference on liver pathology. This must-have text is ideal for surgical pathologists in practice and in training who examine liver specimens on a day-to-day basis. It provides invaluable assistance in recognizing the huge variety of appearances of the liver that result from infections, tumors, and tumor-like lesions, as well as organ damage caused by drugs and toxins. With expert, comprehensive coverage of all malignant and benign hepatobiliary disorders, MacSween's is a convenient, one-stop resource for use in the reporting room as well as in personal study. - Shares the knowledge and experience of a'who's who'list of experts in the field of hepatobiliary pathology, led by editors Alastair D. Burt, Linda D. Ferrell, and Stefan G. Hübscher. - Features more than 1,000 high-quality, full color illustrations, providing a complete visual guide to each tumor or tumor-like lesion. - Discusses advances in molecular diagnostic testing, its capabilities, and its limitations, including targeted/personalized medicine. - Incorporates the latest TNM staging and WHO classification systems, as well as new diagnostic biomarkers and their utility in differential diagnosis, newly described variants, and new histologic entities. - Includes relevant data from ancillary techniques (immunohistochemistry, cytogenetics, and molecular genetics), giving you the necessary tools required to master the latest breakthroughs in diagnostic technology. - Provides you with all of the necessary diagnostic tools to make a complete and accurate pathologic report, including clinicopathologic background throughout. - Directs you to the most recent and authoritative sources for further reading with a comprehensive reference list that highlights key articles and up-to-date citations. - An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery provides a short, up-to-date and practical reference guide for surgical trainees and established consultants needing a refresher. The seventh edition has been edited and fully revised by respected experts in their fields, and provides a full list of current references and relevant resources. It covers the breadth of surgery of the liver, biliary system and pancreas, including perioperative care, the biology of hepatobiliary cancers, and transplantation. This volume is part of the Companion to Specialist Surgical Practice series, the pre-eminent reference for trainees in general surgery and those preparing for the FRCS examinations. Each volume summarises key issues within each surgical sub-specialty and provides evidence-based recommendations to support practice. Concise and easy to follow – ideal for exam revision or as a refresher aid Fully updated with latest evidence on recent developments, management issues and operative procedures Complete contemporary information on the investigation, diagnosis and management of hepatobiliary diseases High quality illustrations to highlight key areas Details of relevant investigations and evidence-based recommendations to support practice Key references to support content, plus a comprehensive list of references in the accompanying eBook Links to recommended online videos for further learning New chapters on perioperative care in hepatobiliary surgery and on the biology of hepatobiliary cancers All chapters significantly revised and updated

One, No One, One Hundred Thousand - The Multifaceted Role of Macrophages in Health and Disease - Part B, Volume 369 provides in-depth reviews on the last progresses on the role of macrophages in health and diseases, with a special focus on the role of macrophages during development. New chapters cover The role of salivary gland macrophages in infection, disease and repair, Reprogramming or replacing brain macrophages to treat neurodegenerative disease, Targeting macrophages for cancer immunotherapy, Heart Macrophages at steady-state and disease: simple bystanders or active players?, Macrophages in the liver, and Developmental programming of macrophages. - Provides accurate reviews from selected experts on the topic of macrophages in different tissues such as gut, kidney and heart - Presents useful graphic material for ease of reading and learning for users - Covers the latest insights and future perspectives on macrophage heterogeneity in different diseases

Hepatic Fibrosis: Mechanisms and Targets is a complete volume of liver extracellular matrix biology, including molecular signaling pathways, cells and factors that modulate fibrogenesis and fibrosis. The book uses an integrated approach toward the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the synthesis and degradation of hepatic fibrotic tissue, emphasizing the possible molecular targets to fight fibrosis. This important reference describes, in detail and didactically, the cellular and molecular events that are conducive to fibrosis that leads to cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and death. The provided information allows readers to understand the molecular mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis to accelerate the development of new therapies. - Presents progression from inflammation to fibrosis, with a special focus on the molecular mechanisms involved - Didactically explains the participation of cells, cytokines and factors in profibrogenic pathways - Illuminates the causative participation of free radicals in liver fibrogenesis - Explains the role of gut dysbiosis in chronic liver diseases leading to fibrosis - Provides experimental models to study liver fibrosis and describes available, noninvasive monitoring methods

This book addresses and dissects the roles and crosstalk mechanisms for the 48 human nuclear receptors (NR) in human health and disease. After a State-of-the-Art introduction by an undisputed and celebrated field leader to provide an overview of the field and its significance, chapters are organized into six sections. The first three sections discuss NR roles in Reproduction & Development, Metabolism and Central Systems. These present to the reader our current understanding of NR signaling in the development and functioning of the reproductive system; the roles in the regulation of energy metabolism; and how NR signaling is more widely integrated into systemic functions from calcium flux to circadian rhythm. The subsequent three sections dissect how aberrant NR functions drive Cancer; how new insights into Genomic Interaction are helping to reveal how NR disruption drives disease; and finally, how Translational Efforts are exploiting this understanding from developing novel NR ligands to establishing how underlying genetic variation impacts NR function. Within these sections the chapters also illustrate emerging understanding of how the epigenome and non-coding genome combine to regulate NR function and impact dysfunction. Increasingly these insights cross-fertilize over cell and disease boundaries and it is unsurprising that NR are being explored in novel and new arenas such as the context of neurological disorders and depression. Thus, there is wide scope for re-purposing of licensed drugs and development of new NR-targeting therapies for a host of conditions and diseases. This unique book brings together many of the leading figures in NR research from across the globe, to discuss emerging roles and their implications for human health and disease. It summarizes the state of the art and shows signposts for future research to further shape this influential field.

Sex/gender - specific medicine (SGM) is defined as the practice of medicine based on the understanding that biology and social roles are important in men and women for disease prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment. Current research demonstrates differences in disease incidence, symptomatology, morbidity, and mortality based on sex and gender. Sex/gender-specific medicine is a fundamental aspect of tailored therapy and precision medicine. Therefore, the variables must be considered in medical education and practice as well as in research models ranging from human participants, animals and cells. Gastroenterology is very big and important division of Internal Medicine, which include esophagus, stomach, small and large intestine, pancreatobiliary tract and liver. Nowadays estrogen is known to play a key role in the prevention of colon cancer and progression of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, especially in women. This book covers the sex/gender-specific medicine inthe area of gastrointestinal (GI) tract in the adults as well as in the pediatrics and in the gut microbiota.

Apoptosis in Health and Disease - Part B, Volume 126 in the Advances in Protein Chemistry and Structural Biology focuses on apoptotic responses in numerous conditions - from bacterial and parasite infections, to pathological states such as oxidative stress, pulmonary hypertension, and different cancer types, etc. In addition, the book provides therapeutic strategies for targeting apoptosis. These new advanced understandings are playing a major influence in drug discovery and the introduction of new therapies that target the cell death process. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the mechanism by which cells die either physiologically or pathologically. Vast research in apoptosis has advanced our understanding of basic physiological and pathological processes occurring in cells, organs and organisms, and its role in a number of diseases. - Integrates experimental and computational methods for studying apoptosis in health and different diseases - Includes strategies for identification of suitable therapeutic targets - Discusses the design of treatments targeting key points in the apoptotic cascade

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the diagnosis and management of diseases of the biliary tree. Topics covered include: congenital biliary abnormalities, genetic cholangiopathies, autoimmune cholangiopathies, inflammatory and drug-related cholangiopathies, and cholangiocarcinoma. Given their particular importance (even for clinicians working with adults), pediatric conditions are also examined. In addition, a special section is devoted to pregnancy and diseases of the biliary tree, and to transplants and diseases of the biliary tree. Each chapter offers up-to-date information on the management of the diseases discussed. Moreover, the book addresses new treatments for autoimmune cholestatic liver diseases, reflecting the new therapeutic targets that have recently been discovered. Examples include farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-agonists, together with new drugs that affect the composition of bile flow. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for a broad range of practitioners.

This text provides a concise yet comprehensive overview of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The book reviews diagnosis criteria for AIH, biochemical and histologic findings in typical and atypical cases, and treatment with first, second, and third line therapies. Furthermore, the book discusses management of AIH for specific patient populations, including pediatric patients, pregnant patients, and patients undergoing liver transplantation. Criteria for stopping therapy and risk of relapse, studies demonstrating the efficacy and safety of alternatives to corticosteroids, and diagnosis and treatment of overlap syndromes are also explored in the text.Written by experts in the field, Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis: A Clinical Guide is a state-of-the-art resource for clinicians and practitioners who treat and manage patients with AIH

Bridging the gap between basic scientific advances and the understanding of liver disease — the extensively revised new edition of the premier text in the field. The latest edition of The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology remains a definitive volume in the field of hepatology, relating advances in biomedical sciences and engineering to understanding of liver structure, function, and disease pathology and treatment. Contributions from leading researchers examine the cell biology of the liver, the pathobiology of liver disease, the liver's growth, regeneration, metabolic functions, and more. Now in its sixth edition, this classic text has been exhaustively revised to reflect new discoveries in biology and their influence on diagnosing, managing, and preventing liver disease. Seventy new chapters — including substantial original sections on liver cancer and groundbreaking advances that will have significant impact on hepatology — provide comprehensive, fully up-to-date coverage of both the current state and future direction of hepatology. Topics include liver RNA structure and function, gene editing, single-cell and single-molecule genomic analyses, the molecular biology of hepatitis, drug interactions and engineered drug design, and liver disease mechanisms and therapies. Edited by globally-recognized experts in the field, this authoritative volume: Relates molecular physiology to understanding disease pathology and treatment Links the science and pathology of the liver to practical clinical applications Features 16 new “Horizons” chapters that explore new and emerging science and technology Includes plentiful full-color illustrations and figures The Liver: Biology and Pathobiology, Sixth Edition is an indispensable resource for practicing and trainee hepatologists, gastroenterologists, hepatobiliary and liver transplant surgeons, and researchers and scientists in areas including hepatology, cell and molecular biology, virology, and drug metabolism.

This book provides a comprehensive description of sterols and their novel biological roles in mammalian signaling, the book covers their biosynthesis and structure, describes sterol receptor -mediated actions, their tissue distribution and their role in disease. It offers insight into new research findings, focusing specifically on novel discoveries in bile acid and oxysterol signaling, including the lanosterol-to-cholesterol intermediates. Special attention is paid on the sex distribution of these sterols (male or female) and their sexually dimorphic roles in mammalian species, such as human, rat and mouse. Since sterols and drugs (xenobiotics) use many identical receptor-mediated signaling pathways, the book will be interesting for researchers working on the cross-road of endogenous and xenobiotic metabolism, it is intended for advanced students and scientists in molecular biology and biochemistry as well as for medical doctors in hepatology.

This book focusses on the latest results related to the field of bile acids as signaling molecules and describes how these receptors have become a major pharmacological target. It covers all major areas of research in this field, from genetics, chemistry, in silico modeling, molecular biology to clinical applications, offering a cross-country view of the functional role of bile acids as signaling molecules, virtually acting on all major areas of metabolism. While FXR and GPBAR1 are essential bile acid sensors that integrate the de novo bile acid synthesis with intestinal microbiota and liver metabolism, in a broader sense, BARs play a pathogenic role in the development of common human alignments including liver, intestinal and metabolic disorders, such as steatosis (NAFLD) and steato-hepatitis (NASH), diabetes, obesity and atherosclerosis.

Get the authoritative, up-to-date information you need on liver disease from the 7th Edition of the most trusted reference worldwide. Covering both basic science and recent clinical developments, this revised edition by Drs. Arun J. Sanyal, Thomas D. Boyer, Norah A. Terrault, and Keith D. Lindor, provides an in-depth, comprehensive look at the pathophysiology, diagnostic, and treatment information related to the liver. More than 1,100 figures and tables, many new and in full color, highlight completely updated content throughout. - Expert, international authorship and comprehensive, easy-to-access information makes this edition the gold standard in the field of hepatology. - Includes new information on the rapid changes in treatment paradigms for acute liver failure, the latest treatments for primary biliary cholangitis, full coverage of the gut microbiome and its role in liver disease, the newest developments in drug-induced liver injury, and changes in hepatitis C virus treatment and hot-button concerns about access to care. - New summary boxes at the end of each chapter and a newly streamlined table of contents make it easier to find and understand the information you're looking for. - Hundreds of brand-new illustrations clearly present key aspects of liver disease.

The Epigenetics of Autoimmunity covers a topic directly related to translational epigenetics. Via epigenetic mechanisms, a number of internal and external environmental risk factors, including smoking, nutrition, viral infection and the exposure to chemicals, could exert their influence on the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Such factors could impact the epigenetic mechanisms, which, in turn, build relationship with the regulation of gene expression, and eventually triggering immunologic events that result in instability of immune system. Since epigenetic aberrations are known to play a key role in a long list of human diseases, the translational significance of autoimmunity epigenetics is very high. To bridge the gap between environmental and genetic factors, over the past few years, great progress has been made in identifying detailed epigenetic mechanisms for autoimmune diseases. Furthermore, with rapid advances in technological development, high-throughput screening approaches and other novel technologies support the systematic investigations and facilitate the epigenetic identification. This book covers autoimmunity epigenetics from a disease-oriented perspective and several chapters are presented that provide advances in wide-spread disorders or diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), multiple sclerosis (MS), type 1 diabetes (T1DM), systemic sclerosis (SSc), primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) and autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). These emerging epigenetic studies provide new insights into autoimmune diseases, raising great expectations among researchers and clinicians. This seminal book on this topic comprehensively covers the most recent advances in this exciting and rapidly developing new science. They might reveal not only new clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and disease progression, but also novel targets for potential epigenetic therapeutic treatment. - Provides the accurate and cutting-edge information on autoimmunity epigenetics - Wide coverage appeals to those interested in fundamental epigenetics and inheritance to those with more clinical interests - Critical reviews of the mean of deriving and analysing autoimmunity epigenetics information as well as its translational potential - Up-to-date coverage of emerging topics in autoimmunity epigenetics

This comprehensive guide to polycystic kidney disease captures the growing knowledge of this common, potentially-fatal and hereditary disease. The first two sections of the book provide an overview of PKD gene structures, mutations and pathophysiologic mechanisms. This is followed by chapters focused on PKD's clinical features, including renal and extrarenal manifestations, and appropriate management of patients. The final section covers current clinical trials and emerging therapies in PKD. Authored by experts in the field, this book provides the clinician and researcher with critical information on basic and translational science and clinical approaches in one concise resource.

This book addresses the current understanding of the diagnosis and management of biliary disease across all ages, with emphasis on how the latest advances in clinical science may be integrated into current and future therapies. The coverage is wide ranging, encompassing congenital and acquired conditions including cholestatic syndromes, biliary atresia, drug-induced cholestasis, primary biliary cholangitis/cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis, cholangiocarcinoma, gallstone disease, and autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis. With contributions from basic and clinical scientists, the relevance of state-of-the-art mechanistic biology to diagnosis, treatment, and future opportunities for drug design is clearly explained. The balance between science and clinical practice will ensure that this book makes a lasting contribution to the field. A broad readership will find the book easy to access and a rich source of information on current best practice and evolving management strategies.

Cholangiocarcinoma is a heterogeneous group of neoplasms, which has a rising worldwide incidence. Therefore, it is now a major cause of cancer mortality. Diagnosis, staging, treatment approaches and outcomes differ significantly based on the location of the tumor. Given the challenges of remaining up-to-date in a rapidly expanding field, the aim of this monograph is to provide a comprehensive, fully referenced presentation of the state-of-the-art medical and surgical aspects relevant to the management of cholangiocarcinoma divided by the site of origin (i.e. intrahepatic, hilar and distal). The division of the book into these sections reflects the biological and clinical differences between these tumor types and will permit the authors to address the diagnostic, interventional or treatment issues specific to each tumor type. By presenting all medical and surgical aspects of cholangiocarcinoma in a systematic manner, this monograph will be a ready-to-use instrument for those interested in cholangiocarcinoma, including practicing physicians, residents, fellows and specialists. A list of 66 world-renowned experts contributed to the book, offering the readers the unique opportunity to have a broad perspective on these diseases, practical indications on patient selection and treatment that can be easily applied to both Eastern and Western clinical settings.

Cholangiocarcinoma presents a challenge for cancer specialists all over the world. Neoplasia of the biliary tract are rare, accounting for approximately 3% of all gastrointestinal tumours with an incidence of about three per 100,000; but rates have been rising rapidly in recent years. This cancer is one of the major killers: at the time of diagnosis, less than 30% of patients are candidates for complete resection. For unresectable cholangiocarcinomas, median survival is less than one year. Given the rarity of the disease, the literature on cholangiocarcinomas is scant. However, the increasing incidence of this highly lethal malignancy should capture the attention of physicians and stimulate further research. Designed for specialists, this book highlights the main clinicopathologic features of cholangiocarcinoma and is an essential clinical guide for oncologists, surgeons, radiotherapists, radiologists, gastroenterologists and all physicians taking care of patients with biliary tract cancers. This book offers an expert overview of the disease starting from the embryology and anatomy of the biliary tree. Each chapter provides a detailed up-to-date description of etiopathogenetic factors, epidemiology, histopathology, molecular biology and staging, emphasizing clinical features and standard approaches to biliary tract cancer, with a summary of recent literature evidence. The book also covers the diagnostic work-up and outlines the current status of imaging techniques with an overview of recent advances in surgery and locoregional and systemic therapy, in addition to the follow-up and palliative care of cholangiocarcinoma patients.