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Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is part of the innate immune system and is expressed on mucosal surfaces in various tissues throughout the human body. However, to date, the localization of DMBT1 has not been investigated systematically and comprehensively in normal human tissues. In this study, we analyzed the mRNA expression of DMBT1in human tissue by quantitative real-time PCR and examined its localization and distribution in the tissue by immunohistochemical staining using the monoclonal DMBT1 antibody HYB213-6. Anti-ovalbumin was used as an isotype control. The highest level of mRNA expression of DMBT1 was found in the small intestine, and the expression level was high throughout the luminal digestive tract. The expression of DMBT1 was especially high in the luminal digestive tract and salivary glands. The lowest expression level was found in the spleen. Immunohistochemical staining showed a high expression level of DMBT1 on mucosal surfaces throughout the body. There was a clear correlation between the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical expression of DMBT1 in the tissue. DMBT1 is strongly expressed on mucosal surfaces and in salivary glands

Fibrinogen C domain containing 1 (FIBCD1) is a transmembrane receptor that binds chitin and other acetylated compounds with high affinity. FIBCD1 has previously been shown to be present in the epithelium of the gastrointestinal tract. In the present study, we performed a detailed analysis of normally structured human tissues for the expression of FIBCD1 by quantitative PCR and immunohistochemistry. We find that FIBCD1 is expressed in epithelial cells derived from all three germ layers. Endodermal-derived epithelial cells throughout the gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system showed high expression of FIBCD1 and also mesodermal-derived cells in the genitourinary system and ectodermal-derived epidermis and sebaceous glands cells expressed FIBCD1. In some columnar epithelial cells, for example, in the salivary gland and gall bladder, the FIBCD1 expression was clearly polarized with strong apical reaction, while other columnar cells, for example, in small and large intestine and in bronchi, the staining was equally strong apically and basolaterally. In keratinocytes in skin, tongue, and oral cavity, the FIBCD1 staining was granular. This expression pattern together with the known binding properties supports that FIBCD1 plays a role in innate immunity in the skin and at mucosal surfaces.