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• Ultrasound-assisted puncture and drainage is micro-invasion and precise. • Osmotic pressure gradient can form space-occupying tumor bed cysts. • Puncture and drainage is a novel method for space-occupying tumor bed cysts. To investigate the causes of space-occupying tumor bed cysts formed early after glioma resection by measuring the osmotic pressure gradient between cystic fluid, serum, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and propose a new method of bedside ultrasound-assisted puncture and drainage (UAP&D) under local anesthesia for treatment. Bedside UAP&D under local anesthesia was performed through a burr hole on the skull flap. Following a successful puncture, cystic fluid was collected, while blood and CSF were obtained through vein and lumbar puncture, respectively. The osmotic pressure of all fluids collected was measured. The appearance, biochemical composition, and results of microbial culture of cystic fluid and CSF were analyzed. Within 24 h after UAP&D, a CT examination and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were assessed. The osmotic pressure of cystic fluid was higher than that of serum and CSF. White blood cell count and protein concentration were higher in the cystic fluid compared to the CSF. Conversely, the concentration of chloride ions and glucose were lower. CT scan confirmed the correct placement of the cysts' drainage tube and that the cysts' volume decreased significantly with continued drainage. Accompanied by a reduction in the volume of cysts, there were significant improvements in GCS score within 24 h after UAP&D. All drainage tubes were removed within 2–5 days, and no puncture tract hemorrhage or infection was observed. The osmotic pressure gradient between cystic fluid, serum, and CSF caused the formation of early post-operative space-occupying tumor bed cysts for glioma. UAP&D aligns with the concept that micro-invasive neurosurgery is an effective treatment method for such cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This retro-prospective observational study described the experience in lumbar puncture procedures in children with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) with and without neuromuscular scoliosis in a single center. The technical feasibility of intrathecal nusinersen administration was the main limiting factor. A total of 457 technically successful intrathecal injections based on a hierarchical strategy in Cobb angle were reviewed in 81 SMA children aged 0.75–13.5 years who were referred for nusinersen injections in our hospital from October 2019 to December 2022. Under local anesthesia, conventional lumbar puncture was performed on 47 patients without spinal deformity (Cobb angle of 0–10°) and 20 patients with moderate scoliosis (Cobb angle of 10–50°). Ultrasound-assisted lumbar puncture was performed on 12 patients with moderate scoliosis but lordosis. A combination of ultrasound imaging and three-dimensional CT under sedation was performed in the remaining 14 patients with severe scoliosis (Cobb angle >50°). No severe complications were found. Cobb angle is an important basis for intrathecal administration of nusinersen. It is feasible and suitable to carry out intrathecal nusinersen injection under ultrasound combined with three-dimensional CT imaging for children with severe scoliosis. • Many children with SMA have scoliosis causing challenging intrathecal access. • Personalized therapies are required to fit patients with different Cobb angle. • Ultrasound positioning was helpful for intrathecal injections within scoliosis. • Preoperative sedation helped to reduce patient's anxiety, thus got good cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In the present work, carboxymethyl cellulose-based bionanocomposite hydrogel beads with diverse concentration ratios of Fe 3 O 4 -Zeolite were produced and used for the removal of Imidacloprid from an aqueous solution. Optimization of various factors such as Imidacloprid initial concentration, adsorbent dosage, pH solution, and sonicating time (42 kHz) affecting Imidacloprid removal was evaluated by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum values for these parameters were obtained at 38 mg L−1, 1.9 g L−1, 7, and 19 min, respectively. The adsorption process of Imidacloprid by CMC/Fe 3 O 4 -Zeolite20 is multilayer adsorption (Jossens model) and was controlled by internal and external diffusion (double-exponential model). Additionally, the study of the ultrasonic effect on Imidacloprid removal performance showed that the ultrasound combined with adsorption significantly reduces the equilibration time. Also, the adsorption and desorption study showed that the adsorbent with high stability in adsorption performance was recycled in 6 cycles without a significant reduction in adsorption efficiency. And finally, the removal performance of CMC/Fe 3 O 4 -Zeolite20 was studied on the real wastewater samples and confirmed the feasibility of adsorbent for practical applications in industrial purposes. • The CMC/Fe 3 O 4 -Zeolite was synthesized in various percentage of Fe 3 O 4 -Zeolite. • The best condition for adsorption of Imidacloprid investigated by RSM. • The effect of ultrasonic on adsorption percentage was studied. • Isotherm, kinetic, thermodynamic and reusability were investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites consisting of polyvinyl alcohol embedded with nanoparticles of Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 were successfully synthesized by employing a facile two-steps process. The nanoparticles of Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 and ZnFe 2 O 4 were synthesized via a micro emulsion procedure and then embedded into a polyvinyl alcohol matrix by an ultrasound-assisted in-situ emulsion. The result showed that the prepared nanoparticles of Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 & ZnFe 2 O 4 diffuse homogeneously in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, maintaining the particle shape and size of the Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. Transmission electron microscope images revealed that polyvinyl alcohol chains have encircled the Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 & ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles. The interaction between the polyvinyl alcohol and the nanoparticles in the prepared nanocomposites was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy via the shifting of bands revealed from the Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Dielectric studies explained the decreasing trend by varying concentrations of nanoparticles with a constant polymer concentration. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss both revealed a decreasing trend by varying the concentration of the nanoparticles with a constant polymer concentration. This occurred due to the grain boundary effect which becomes dominant at low frequencies. The Transmission electron microscope images result shows that polycrystalline Zn 0.80 Co 0.1 Ni 0.1 Fe 2 O 4 & ZnFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles with an average size of 10–15 nm were incorporated with PVA to form nanocomposites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on the ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis of yam to obtain fermentable sugars using phosphoric acid or enzymes as catalysts. In the chemical and enzymatic hydrolyses the effects of temperature and catalyst concentration on the amount of fermentable sugar released were evaluated. The same experiment was carried out with and without ultrasound. For chemical hydrolyses, the maximum amounts of fermentable sugars obtained were 0.155 g sugar g −1 dry material and 0.205 g sugar g −1 dry material, whereas for enzymatic hydrolysis the maximum fermentable sugars obtained were 0.32 g sugar g −1 dry material and 0.42 g sugar g −1 dry material, without and with ultrasound, respectively. These experiments demonstrated that the amount of fermentable sugars differs according to the type of hydrolysis applied. In this work, ultrasound increased the yield for chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis, showing a promising technology to be used for hydrolysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work was investigated the use of alternative technologies to improve the enzymatic hydrolysis of rice hulls. The use of supercritical CO 2 as co-solvent and ultrasound-assisted hydrolysis was evaluated and the results were compared with a conventional procedure. Maximum yield of fermentable sugar obtained was about 16 g kg −1 using conventional or ultrasound-assisted hydrolyzes. The yield obtained in the hydrolysis using supercritical CO 2 was around 4.2 g kg −1 as co-solvent. Enzymatic hydrolysis using the conventional procedure showed to be the best manner to obtain fermentable sugar from rice hulls since the alternative technologies employed did not lead to better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Protein-stabilized nanoemulsion was successfully prepared by ultrasound-assisted method under optimal ultrasound conditions, so as to improve the defects of sea buckthorn fruit oil (SBFO) and increase its bioavailability. This paper investigated the performance of nanoemulsion obtained by sodium caseinate (SC) and whey glycoprotein (WGP) at different concentrations, including polymer dispersity index (PDI), particle size, zeta potential (ZP). The SBFO nanoemulsion prepared under the optimal concentration of protein has good microstructure and rheological properties. Under different temperature (20–80 °C), pH (3–9), salinity (50–200 mM) and storage time (4 weeks), the performance of SBFO nanoemulsion has been measured to prove that SBFO nanoemulsion can maintain stable state in most cases. The safety of the SBFO nanoemulsion was evaluated by cytotoxicity (MTT) method and the results showed non-toxic to normal human embryonic kidney cells (HEK 293T). SBFO nanoemulsion preparation, principle and partial characterization schematic diagram. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of nitrogen and phosphorus levels on the lipid production and fatty acid composition of Chlorella vulgaris was investigated. In addition, ultrasound-assisted lipid extraction was evaluated based on its efficiency. Results showed that nitrogen concentration in the culture medium affected the lipid yield, biomass production and lipid composition significantly. The highest lipid yield of 34.4 g lipid/100g biomass was obtained under the initial NaNO3 concentration of 35 mg L-1 . The highest lipid production occurred when the initial NaNO3 concentration was 150 mg L-1. The major fatty acids detected include C16:0, C18:0, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3. Nitrogen limitation led to an increase of C18:1 and a decrease of C18:3. The phosphorus level did not influence the lipid production and composition obviously, while insufficient phosphorus caused poor biomass production. Ultrasoundassisted lipid extraction was effective for C. vulgaris, of which the ultrasonic treatment time was the most important parameter to affect the lipid yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although suction-assisted liposuction under tumescent anesthesia remains the traditional method for body sculpting, newer technologies promise to increase efficiency, decrease surgeon fatigue, and minimize complication. Power-, ultrasound-, and laser-assisted devices are ideal in large volume cases and in areas of fibrous tissues as an adjunct to traditional liposuction. Although skepticism remains chemical lipolysis, more commonly termed mesotherapy or lipodissolve may be an alternative to surgical treatment of localized fat. This article reviews the recent advancements in the field of liposuction and the current literature which support their use. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Collagen-(AMPS-MAA/AAm)-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic double-network nanocomposite hydrogel (DNNH) was synthesized through in-situ free-radical copolymerization under ultrasound-assisted condition. The pure double-network hydrogels (PDNH) and their magnetic composite structure were systematically characterized through XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS, VSM, DTG, and tensile tests. The DNNH exhibits more powerful mechanical attributes (σf of 0.33 MPa, εf of 26.5 mm/mm) than PDNH (σf of 0.314 MPa, εf of 31 mm/mm). The adsorption process, which is influenced by multiple factors, was examined and the results of the surveys illustrated that the adsorption capacity improved with the Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 nanoparticles. Adsorption behavior was checked for the adsorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol and it was found to remove about 77% and 83% of phenol and 4-nitrophenol solutions at pH 7, respectively. The applicability of kinetic and isotherm studies for the adsorption of mentioned pollutions, especially the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir model were proved (q m = 16.52 mg/g for phenol and q m = 19.20 mg/g for 4-nitrophenol). Thermodynamic studies proposed that the adsorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol was spontaneous and endothermic. Reusability of the prepared hydrogel in the adsorption–desorption process was simply done for successive 4 times. As a result, the prepared hydrogel is known as a suitable adsorbent for phenol and 4-nitrophenol adsorption from aqueous solutions. ga1 • Collagen-(AMPS-MAA/AAm)-Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 magnetic double-network nanocomposite hydrogel was synthesized. • Swelling, as well as phenol and 4-nitrophenol adsorption properties of as-prepared hydrogel were studied. • Different kinetic and isotherm models were studied for adsorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol. • Thermodynamic of the phenol and 4-nitrophenol adsorption on magnetic double-network nanocomposite hydrogel was studied. • Adsorption of phenol and 4-nitrophenol followed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]