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Oxidative stress is augmented under hypoxic environments, which may be attenuated with antioxidant supplementation. We investigated the effects of dietary nitrate (NO 3 −) supplementation combined with high-intensity training performed under hypoxic conditions on antioxidant/pro-oxidant balance.... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of resistance training combined with whey protein and leucine blends on muscular strength (1-RM), endurance (repetitions to failure [RTF]), cross-sectional area (CSA), perceived exertion (RPE), and body mass (BM). Thirty-nine men (age = 20.6 ± 1.5 yrs) were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 Groups: (a) 1 dose of 40 g of whey protein and 6.2 g of total leucine (1PRO+L, n = 13); (b) 2 doses of 20 g of whey protein and 6.2 g of total leucine per dose (2PRO+L, n = 12); or (c) placebo (PLA, n = 14). The dependent variables were assessed before and after 8 weeks of high-intensity resistance training 3 d·wk-1. Mixed factorial ANOVAs revealed significant (P < 0.001) increases in BP and LE 1-RM and RTF, VL CSA, a reduction in RPE, and no change in BM (P > 0.05), with no between Group differences. Individual analyses indicated that a greater proportion of the 1PRO+L Group exceeded the minimal important difference for LE 1-RM and RTF compared to those in the 2PRO+L and PLA Groups (P < 0.05). No other differences were observed for the individual responses. These findings indicate that 40 g of whey protein with 6.2 g of total leucine increased LE 1-RM and RTF more than 2 doses of 20 g of whey protein with 6.2 g of total leucine or PLA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adherence to iron--folic acid supplementation (IFAS) has been linked with maternal anaemia. While findings about determinants of IFAS adherence have been mixed across different research, there is inadequate evidence in relation to socioeconomic inequalities. This study aims to examine social determinants and socioeconomic inequalities of adherence to IFAS in urban and rural Indonesia. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey by including a total of 12 455 women aged 15--49 years. The outcome was adherence to IFAS for at least 90 days. We used multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for the survey design to analyse factors associated with IFAS adherence. We estimated socioeconomic inequalities using the Wagstaff normalized concentration index and plotted them using the concentration curve. Results: About half of women consumed IFAS for at least 90 days, with a higher proportion in urban areas (59.0%) than in rural areas (47.8%). Social determinants of adherence to IFAS were similar for urban and rural women. Overall, being an older woman, having weekly internet access, antenatal care for at least four visits, and residing in Java and Bali were significantly linked to IFAS adherence. Higher maternal education was significantly linked to IFAS adherence in urban settings, but not in rural settings. There were interactions between place of residence and woman's education (p<0.001) and household wealth (p<0.001). Concentration indices by woman's education and household wealth were 0.102 (p<0.001) and 0.133 (p<0.001), respectively, indicating pro-educated and pro-rich inequalities. However, no significant education-related disparity was found among rural women (p=0.126). Conclusion: Women (age, education, occupation, birth number, internet access, involvement in decision-making), household (husband's education, household wealth), health care (antenatal care visit) and community (place of residence, geographic region) factors are associated with overall adherence to IFAS. These factors influence the adherence to IFAS in a complex web of deep-seated socioeconomic inequalities. Thus, programs and interventions to improve adherence to IFAS should target women of reproductive age and their families, particularly those from socioeconomically disadvantaged groups residing in rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ketogenic Diet (KD) is a non-pharmacological strategy for drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) and inborn errors of metabolism (Glut-1 deficiency) management. KD is characterized by being restrictive, affecting micronutrient intake. There are different modalities of KD in which food intake and nutritional deficiencies vary. Objective: To determine the micronutrient intake in different KD modalities. Patients and Method: Observational, cross-sectional study with patients diagnosed with DRE and Glut-1 deficiency. The dietary intake of 21 micronutrients was evaluated, and analyzed according to KD modality [Classic, Modified Atkins Diet (MAD)], use of special formula, and adequacy of recommended dietary intake (RDI) according to age and sex, defining < 75% as deficient. Results: 19 patients were evaluated, median age 62 months (IQR: 20.5-79), 12/19 (63.2%) male, 13/19 (68.4%) eutrophic, 5/19 (26.3%) gastrostomy users, 10 (52.6%) MAD modality, use of special formula 7/19 (36.8%). Micronutrient deficiencies were found in 16/21 (76.2%) in the classic diet and 9/16 (42.9%) in the MAD. The intake of vitamin D, B2, B12, sodium, phosphorus, zinc, and selenium was significantly lower in the classic diet than in DMA, the median intake adequacy of vitamins A, C, D, E, and K was > 100%. The use of special formula manages to complete the requirements in MAD. Conclusions: The micronutrient intake in the different KD modalities is low for most of them, being the MAD with formula the one that presented a more adequate micronutrient intake. These results should be considered in nutritional follow-up and supplementation planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of resistance training (RT) alongside creatine-hydrochloride (Cr-HCl) or creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation on anabolic/catabolic hormones, strength, and body composition. Forty participants with an age range of 18-25 years were randomly divided into four groups (n=10): RT+Cr-HCl (0.03 g.kg-1 of body mass), RT+CrM-loading phase (CrM-LP) (0.3 g.kg-1 of body mass for five days (loading) and 0.03 g.kg-1 body mass for 51 days (maintenance)), RT+CrM-without loading phase (CrM-WLP) (0.03 g.kg-1 body mass), and RT+placebo (PL). The participants consumed supplements and performed RT with an intensity of 70-85 % 1RM for eight weeks. Before and after the training and supplementation period, strength (1RM), body composition (percent body fat (PBF), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), muscular cross-sectional area (MCSA)) and serum levels of testosterone, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), cortisol, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follistatin and myostatin were measured. The results showed that in the supplementation groups, strength, arm and thigh MCSA, and SMM significantly increased, and PBF significantly decreased (P=0.05); this change was significant compared to the PL group (P=0.05). In addition, the results showed a significant increase in GH, IGF-1 levels, the ratio of follistatin/myostatin, testosterone/cortisol (P=0.05), and a significant decrease in cortisol and ACTH levels (P=0.05) in the supplementation groups. Hormonal changes in GH, IGF-1, testosterone/cortisol, cortisol, and ACTH levels in the supplementation groups were significant compared to the PL group (P=0.05). The results showed that CrM and Cr-HCl significantly enhanced the beneficial effects of RT on strength, hypertrophy, and hormonal responses, with Cr-HCl showing no benefit over CrM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem, and 13 to 75% of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA) have vitamin D deficiency. Several studies have shown that low preoperative vitamin D levels may increase the risk of postoperative complications, including periprosthetic joint infection (PJI), in patients undergoing primary TJA. Most of the studies are underpowered. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and surgical and medical complications after primary TJA, with a specific focus on PJI. Prospectively collected institutional multicenter arthroplasty databases were reviewed to identify patients who underwent primary total knee and hip arthroplasty. The study group was defined as patients whose vitamin D level is < 30 ng/dL and who received a single oral dose of 7.5 mg (300,000 IU) D3 within two weeks before index surgery (n = 488; mean age 63 years). Patients in the control group were those whose preoperative vitamin D levels were unknown and who did not receive vitamin D supplementation (n = 592, mean age 66). The groups were compared regarding 90-day medical and surgical complications, including PJI, mortality, and readmission rates. The total number of complications (8.6 and 4.3%; respectively; P =.005), superficial wound infection (2.5 and 0.2%, respectively; P <.001), and postoperative cellulitis (2.2 and 0% respectively; P <.001) were statistically significantly higher in the patient group who did not receive vitamin D supplementation. However, 90-day mortality (P =.524), PJI (P =.23), and readmission rate (P =.683) were similar between the groups. This study demonstrated that preoperative optimization of vitamin D levels may be beneficial in reducing postoperative complications, including superficial wound infection and postoperative cellulitis. Administering an oral 300,000 U single-dose vitamin D regimen to correct vitamin D deficiency can positively impact outcomes following primary TJA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concentrations of vitamin D (VitD) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) in breastmilk are low despite the essential role of VitD for normal infant bone development, yet additional metabolic forms of vitamin D may be present. This study evaluates the contribution of sulfated vitamin D metabolites, vitamin D 3 -sulfate (VitD 3 -S) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D 3 -sulfate (25OHD 3 -S) for lactating women and assesses the response to high-dose VitD 3 supplementation. Serum and breastmilk were measured before and after 28 days with 5000 IU/day VitD 3 intake in 20 lactating women. Concentrations of VitD 3 -S and 25OHD 3 -S in milk, and 25OHD 2 , 25OHD 3 , 25OHD 3 -S, VitD 3 and VitD 3 -S in serum were determined by mass spectrometry. Baseline vitamin D status was categorized as sufficient (mean ± SD serum 25OHD 3 69 ± 19 nmol/L), and both serum VitD 3 and 25OHD 3 increased following supplementation (p < 0.001). 25OHD 3 -S was 91 ± 19 nmol/L in serum and 0.47 ± 0.09 nmol/L in breastmilk. VitD 3 -S concentrations were 2.92 ± 0.70 nmol/L in serum and 6.4 ± 3.9 nmol/L in breastmilk. Neither sulfated metabolite significantly changed with supplementation in either serum or breastmilk. Sulfated vitamin D metabolites have prominent roles for women during lactation with 25OHD 3 -S highly abundant in serum and VitD 3 -S distinctly abundant in breastmilk. These data support the notion that 25OHD 3 -S and VitD 3 -S may have physiological relevance during lactation and nutritional usage for nursing infants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies in Latin America are a public health concern, nonetheless, lack of information still exists in many countries, so that the true magnitude of the problem remains uncertain. Objective: To summarise experiences that can inform the development of policies and programs to address micronutrient deficiencies throung supplementation in pregnant women and chlidren under five years of age in Latin American. Methods: Review of the most evidence on the effects of micronutrients supplementation, focusing on pregnant women and children under five years of age. Results: Certain population groups, as women of reproductive age and children under 2 years of age, are at increased risk for deficiency due to their high micronutrient requirements. This is compounded by the limited access to micronutrient-rich foods for many people living in vulnerable situations. Micronutrient supplementation is an effective intervention to prevent and treat deficiency and to mitigate its adverse effects on health, nutrition, and pregnancy outcomes in micronutrient-deficient populations. The potential benefits of supplementation programs, however, are realized only when they reach those who have the potential to benefit, that is, with inadequate intakes of micronutrients from dietary sources, and when the quality of design and delivery of the programs aresufficient to reach that population timely, regularly, and effectively to enable and motivate consumption. Conclusions: Several resources and experiences exist that can help favor the development of programs that can realize this biological and programmatic potential. There is need for continuous efforts to augment coverage and achieve results that can translate into economic benefits for individuals, families, and nations. Plain language title: Correcting Vitamin and Mineral Deficiencies in Pregnant Women and Children in Latin America Plain language summary: Previous articles in this supplement have highlighted the importance of micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) deficiencies in Latin America, their causes and effects in different population groups, and some alternatives for their prevention and control. At certain stages of life, particularly during the first 1000 days (from pregnancy to 2 years of age), high nutrient requirements predispose to nutritional deficiencies. This is exacerbated by the limited access to healthy foods for populations living in vulnerable situations. Dietary supplements are therefore an effective strategy for preventing and treating deficiencies and mitigating their adverse effects on the nutrition and health of the population. In this article, we review the most recent estimates on the prevalence of nutrient deficiencies, with a focus on pregnant women and children under 2 years of age; the types of supplements available, and the international recommendations for supplementation during this period of life. There is strong evidence for several benefits of short-term supplementation. In pregnant women, vitamin and mineral levels are improved and a healthy pregnancy is achieved. In children, vitamin and mineral levels are also improved, and some (such as iron and zinc) improve growth and development. In the long term, there are economic benefits for individuals, families, and nations. Several recommendations from studies and supplementation programs are also discussed. Although nutritional supplementation can be cost-effective, benefits will only be achieved if the types and formulations of supplements meet the assessed nutritional needs of the population and if a program is properly designed and implemented. Similarly, programs that include supplements need to be monitored and evaluated to ensure that supplements are taken regularly and for long enough to achieve these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the importance that a correct and balanced nutrition has on patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), supplementation of macro and micronutrients has been proposed, but the results of previous meta-analyses are contrasting. We performed an update of the latest evidence through a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies to assess the role of nutritional supplements in improving nutritional status, pulmonary function, physical performance, and quality of life of these patients. We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 01-01-2010 and 11-01-2023 evaluating the effectiveness of nutritional support in patients affected by stable COPD with an intervention of at least 2 weeks. Primary outcomes were changes in body mass index (BMI) and fat free mass index (FFMI). Secondary outcomes were exercise tolerance (6-min walking test, 6MWT), quality of life (St George's Respiratory Questionnaire, SGRQ) and respiratory function (FEV1). According with supplements type (macronutrients or micronutrients), we calculated the pooled adjusted mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) of the selected outcomes, using random-effects models in presence of high heterogeneity (I2>50%) or fixed-effects models otherwise. The risk of publication bias was evaluated with the trim and fill method. From 967 articles, 20 RCTs were included. Macronutrients supplementation improved BMI (MD 1.0 kg/m2, 95%CI 0.21-1.79), FFMI (MD 0.77 Kg/m2, 95%CI 0.48-1.06), 6MQT (MD 68.39 m, 95%CI 40.07-96.71), and SGRQ (MD −5.14, 95% CI −7.31-2.97), while it does not ameliorate respiratory function (MD 0.26% 95%CI −1.87-2.40). Micronutrients supplementation alone did not improve any of the considered outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine Triphosphate is a molecule with the function of generating energy, where high levels are directly related to cellular and muscular health. Oral supplementation appears as a possibility to guarantee such levels, and is normally consumed in capsules, which can be acute or chronic. To verify the influence of a dose of ATP on muscular performance in adults. This is an acute, crossover, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention study. 18 trained men were recruited, with an average age of 27.95 years. Two visits were made to the laboratory, where each of the protocols consisted of randomized supplementation of 400 mg of Peak ATP® or placebo, and 30 min later, five series were performed, where the first consisted of five repetitions and the following four of ten repetitions at 60° per second in knee extension and flexion on a Biodex® 4.0 isokinetic dynamometer, where the volunteers' muscle strength and resistance to fatigue were measured. For data analysis, data normality was assessed using Shapiro Wilk, the ANOVA repeated measures test with Bonferroni post hoc. To identify the size of the effect, the Cohen test was performed, and the statistical package used was SPSS 25 with an applied significance of p < 0.05. Acute supplementation was unable to achieve significant improvements in muscle strength indicators. The supplement delays drops in strength as the exercise progresses in knee extension compared to the placebo. An acute dose of 400 mg of ATP did not improve the volunteers' muscle strength indicators, but it was able to reduce fatigue levels as the exercise progressed, enabling greater performance for longer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: An increasing number of adult individuals are at risk of vitamin B12 deficiency, either from reduced nutritional intake or impaired gastrointestinal B12 absorption. Objective: This study aims to review the current best practices for the diagnosis and treatment of individuals with vitamin B12 deficiency. Methods: A narrative literature review of the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency. Results: Prevention and early treatment of B12 deficiency is essential to avoid irreversible neurological consequences. Diagnosis is often difficult due to diverse symptoms, marked differences in diagnostic assays' performance and the unreliability of second-line biomarkers, including holo-transcobalamin, methylmalonic acid and total homocysteine. Reduced dietary intake of B12 requires oral supplementation. In B12 malabsorption, oral supplementation is likely insufficient, and parenteral (i.e. intramuscular) supplementation is preferred. There is no consensus on the optimal long-term management of B12 deficiency with intramuscular therapy. According to the British National Formulary guidelines, many individuals with B12 deficiency due to malabsorption can be managed with 1000 µg intramuscular hydroxocobalamin once every two months after the initial loading. Long-term B12 supplementation is effective and safe, but responses to treatment may vary considerably. Clinical and patient experience strongly suggests that up to 50% of individuals require individualized injection regimens with more frequent administration, ranging from daily or twice weekly to every 2-4 weeks, to remain symptom-free and maintain a normal quality of life. 'Titration' of injection frequency based on measuring biomarkers such as serum B12 or MMA should not be practiced. There is currently no evidence to support that oral/sublingual supplementation can safely and effectively replace injections. Conclusions: This study highlights the interindividual differences in symptomatology and treatment of people with B12 deficiency. Treatment follows an individualized approach, based on the cause of the deficiency, and tailored to help someone to become and remain symptom-free. Plain language title: Diagnosis and Treatment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency Plain language summary: The number of people who are at risk of developing a deficiency of vitamin B12 is steadily increasing. B12 deficiency can develop when people consume too few B12-containing foods of animal origin, or when they develop a form of B12 malabsorption. B12 deficiency can lead to serious complications so prevention and early treatment are essential. Diagnosing B12 deficiency can be challenging: the symptoms vary from patient to patient, and the methods used to measure B12 in the blood, or certain biomarkers associated with B12 metabolism, such as holo-transcobalamin, methylmalonic acid, and total homocysteine are unreliable. When people do not consume enough B12-containing foods, supplementation with B12 tablets is needed. In the case of B12 malabsorption, intramuscular injections of B12 are mandatory. The usual treatment with B12 is starting with injections of 1000 µg hydroxocobalamin twice weekly or on every other day for a period of up to 5 weeks or longer, until all symptoms have disappeared, and thereafter, the frequency of injections is gradually reduced. There is, however, a large group of people who require more frequent administration to become and remain symptom-free: this may range from daily or twice weekly to every 2 to 4 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many determinants of vitamin D status have been well-described, yet supplementation guidelines largely follow a one-size-for-all model and deficiency remains common. We hypothesised that accounting accurately for ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation and considering interactions could advance understanding of vitamin D status. Asian, Black, and White participants from the UK Biobank cohort were included (N = 438,978). The Tropospheric Emission Monitoring Internet Service provided UVB data which we linked to participants' place of residence. UVB dose over 135 days prior to blood draw was weighted and added, yielding cumulative and weighted UVB (CW-D-UVB). The association between 25(OH)D and selected variables was assessed in multivariable linear regression models with and without interactions, stratified by ethnicity. Predictors were ranked using standardised β-coefficients. Median 25(OH)D differed by ethnicity (Asian: 25.4 nmol/L (10.2 ng/mL), Black: 30.6 nmol/L (12.2 ng/mL), White: 47.9 nmol/L (19.2 ng/mL), p-value < 0.001). CW-D-UVB was strongly associated with 25(OH)D in all ethnicities. It was the most important predictor in White (β Asian = 0.15, β Black = 0.20, β White = 0.35), whereas supplementation was in Asian and Black participants (β Asian = 0.30, β Black = 0.24, β White = 0.21). We identified statistically significant interactions between BMI:supplementation (all), CW-D-UVB:sex (Asian and White), and CW-D-UVB:age (Black and White), and in White population between CW-D-UVB and supplementation, BMI, and cholesterol. Vitamin D deficiency was widespread, particularly among non-White individuals. UVB was a strong predictor of 25(OH)D and the effect was modified by other factors. Findings suggest that accurately measured ambient-UVB radiation and interactions could improve 25(OH)D prediction models, and support personalised approaches to vitamin D optimisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vitamin D deficiency in relation to bone metabolism and healing has been controversial and not well studied. However, hypovitaminosis has been widely identified within the orthopedic patient population. The current best evidence suggests a lack of data on this important topic. The ability to assess patients for optimum bone healing and metabolism is still in question due to lack of a suitable reliable biomarker and multiple other unknown variables affecting bone metabolism. To compound this effect, popular dermatological precautions in the last 20 to 30 years of avoiding sunlight also have the effect of further reducing serum vitamin D production in the skin. As a proof of concept, we performed a preliminary comparative observational retrospective review of orthopedic patients undergoing fracture and arthrodesis osseous healing to determine how serum vitamin D levels are associated with bone healing along with their confounding comorbidities. Based on our review, the current accepted vitamin D levels (≥20 ng/mL) are low and insufficient for fractures and for arthrodesis osseous healing due to observed high rates (>35%) of delayed unions, and an increased (>90%) in the number of multiple confounding comorbidities affecting bone healing process that are often not mentioned or captured in this type of study in previous literature. Obesity and diabetes are significant contributory risks factors, and the preliminary findings suggest that the current accepted adequate levels may not be enough for osseous healing. These low vitamin D levels appear to affect bone healing and prolong treatment, with worsening trends with diabetes and obesity comorbidities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the findings obtained from the Vitamin D Antenatal Asthma Reduction Trial (VDAART) spanning a period of 15 years. The review covers various aspects, including the trial's rationale, study design, and initial intent-to-treat analyses, as well as an explanation of why those analyses did not achieve statistical significance. Additionally, the article delves into the post hoc results obtained from stratified intent-to-treat analyses based on maternal vitamin D baseline levels and genotype-stratified analyses. These results demonstrate a statistically significant reduction in asthma among offspring aged 3 and 6 years when comparing vitamin D supplementation (4400 IU/d) to the standard prenatal multivitamin with vitamin D (400 IU/d). Furthermore, these post hoc analyses found that vitamin D supplementation led to a decrease in total serum IgE levels and improved lung function in children compared to those whose mothers received a placebo alongside the standard prenatal multivitamin with vitamin D. Last, the article concludes with recommendations regarding the optimal dosing of vitamin D for pregnant women to prevent childhood asthma as well as suggestions for future trials in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to evaluate the effect of intensifying dairy systems on the uptake and return of nutrients in pastures. The experiment was conducted using four milk production systems on Mombasa grass pastures in the humid tropics, during the rainy season in 2009. This was a 2 x 2 factorial (two nitrogen fertilization levels and concentrate supplement or not for grazing animals) completely randomized design with four replications (paddocks). Nitrogen levels corresponded to 400 and 800 kg. ha-1.year-1, and supplementation was given to only two out of four groups of animals with milk yield above 11 L. day-1. Pastures fertilized with the highest nitrogen level had higher contents of macronutrients in plant tissues and the litter but resulted in lower concentrations of N and Ca in feces. The uptake of macronutrients per grazing cycle was also higher in these pastures. The supplementation caused a decreasing effect on the content of N in dead pasture material, P in litter, and Ca, Mg, and P in feces. Decomposing litter represents the main source of nutrient return to the pasture, especially calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis is a common concern in the elderly that leads to fragile bones. Calcium supplementation plays a crucial role in improving bone health, reducing fracture risk, and supporting overall skeletal strength in this vulnerable population. However, there is conflicting evidence on the safety of calcium supplements in elderly individuals. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the adherence, safety and tolerability of calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects. Methods: In this non-interventional, prospective, multicenter study, subjects received daily 500 mg calcium citrate supplementation for up to one year. Adherence was calculated based on compliance and persistence. Safety was assessed through adverse reactions (ARs), deaths, and clinical laboratory evaluations. Results: A total of 268 Caucasian subjects (91.4% female, mean age 70 ± 4.5 years) participated in the study. Mean adherence to treatment was 76.6 ± 29.5% and half of subjects had an adherence of 91% and ~ 33% of participants achieved complete (100%) adherence. ARs were reported by nine (3.9%) subjects, primarily gastrointestinal disorders, with no serious ARs. The frequency of all adverse events (including ARs) was significantly higher in subjects with adherence of < 80% (41.6%; 32/77) vs. those with adherence ≥ 80% (11%; 16/145, p < 0.0001). Both systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased from baseline to follow-up visit (change of -2.8 ± 13.9 mmHg, p = 0.0102 and -2.1 ± 10.4 mmHg, p = 0.0116, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated favorable adherence to calcium citrate supplementation in elderly osteopenic subjects. The occurrence of ARs, though generally mild, were associated with lower adherence to calcium supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exercise-induced metabolic processes induce muscle acidification which contributes to a reduction in the ability to perform repeated efforts. Alkalizing agents such as sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) prevent large blood pH changes, however, there is no evidence on whether regulation of acid-base balance may also support whole body homeostasis monitored through heamatological and biochemical blood markers in a dose-dependent manner. Thirty Cross-Fit-trained participants were studied in a randomized, multi cross-over, placebo (PLA)-controlled double-blind manner in which they performed a control session (CTRL, without supplementation), three NaHCO3 visits (three different doses) and PLA (sodium chloride in an equimolar amount of sodium as NaHCO3). Each visit consisted of two 30-s Wingate tests separated by CrossFit-specific benchmarks (Wall Balls and Burpees -- both performed for 3 min). Blood samples were collected at rest, immediately post-exercise and after 45 min recovery. Significant differences between visits appeared for blood pH, percentage of lymphocytes and granulocytes, red blood cells count and haemoglobin concentration at post-exercise and 45-min recovery, and for white blood cells count, percentage of monocytes, concentration of magnesium and creatinine at 45-min recovery. Most of the observed differences for heamatological and biochemical markers were significant compared to CTRL, but not different after PLA. NaHCO3 supplementation compared to PLA did not significantly affect exercise or recovery shifts in studied blood indicators. However, the changes in these markers after NaHCO3 and PLA in relation to CTRL indicate a possible role of sodium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Supplementation of naturally spawning populations by the addition of hatchery‐spawned individuals is commonly conducted for recovery of threatened and endangered populations and to support harvest opportunities. Our objective was to evaluate whether the use of a juvenile captive broodstock and an integrated paradigm could increase returns of steelhead, the anadromous form of Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, while avoiding negative genetic impacts commonly associated with hatchery propagation. Methods: We analyzed 291 genetic markers in adult steelhead returning to an integrated population in southwest Washington over the course of 15 years. Reproductive success (RS) of fish spawning in the natural environment was evaluated by origin (hatchery versus natural) and return year. Data were then pooled over years to maximize sample sizes for comparing RS estimates among groups (i.e., estimation of relative reproductive success [RRS]). Result: We observed a weak relationship between RS and origin (male p = 0.347; female p = 0.066), but a significant relationship between RS and return year (male p < 0.001, η2 = 0.896; female p ⟨ 0.001, η2 = 0.867) (i.e., hatchery‐ and natural‐origin fish did well or poorly together each year). Estimates of RRS for fish spawned in the hatchery ranged from 2.4 to 6.4, indicating that fish spawned in the hatchery produced more returning adult progeny than did fish allowed to spawn in the natural environment. Estimates of RRS were ⟨1.0 for hatchery‐origin fish spawning in the natural environment, but the difference was nonsignificant for males and marginally significant for females. Hatchery‐origin fish exhibited reduced genetic diversity as well as evidence of increased temporal population structure. Conclusion: We conclude that the program was successful in achieving an increase in adult returns but not in avoiding negative genetic effects on the population and that any lasting impacts of supplementation remain to be determined. Impact statementSteelhead spawned in the hatchery produced more returning adult offspring than did steelhead left to spawn in the natural environment, but hatchery‐origin fish exhibited reduced genetic diversity and increased temporal population structure. Return year was a much stronger predictor than origin (natural or hatchery) for reproductive success, presumably illustrating the relatively great influence of temporal habitat variation on productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient responsible for regulating immune, antioxidant, and reproductive processes in the body. Selenitetriglycerides are a novel, organic form of Se; to date, the effects of selenitetriglyceride supplementation have been studied only in ruminants. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of selenitetriglycerides administered to sows before parturition on the Se concentration and selected hematological and biochemical parameters, and to evaluate the efficacy of selenitetriglyceride supplementation in preventing Se deficiency in sows and piglets. The study was conducted on 12 pregnant sows and their offspring. The control group consisted of sows that did not receive the selenitetriglyceride supplement, and their offspring. The experimental group consisted of sows that were orally administered a selenitetriglyceride supplement at 0.5 mg Se kg-1 BW, 15, 10, 5, and 3 days before the parturition date, and their offspring. Blood samples for analyses of the Se concentration, morphological parameters, selected biochemical parameters (AST, ALT, TP, ALB, UREA, CREA), and GSH-Px activity were collected from sows 15, 10, 5, and 3 days before parturition and 2 days postpartum. Blood samples for analyses of the Se concentration were collected from 3-, 5-, 10-, and 15-day-old piglets. No significant differences in hematological or biochemical parameters were observed between the groups of sows. Beginning on the fifth day of the experiment, the Se concentration and GSH-Px activity were significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group sows. During the entire experiment, Se levels were significantly higher in the experimental than in the control group piglets. The results of the study indicate that selenitetriglycerides are a safe and effective source of Se for pigs. Selenitetriglycerides are effectively transferred to offspring with the mother’s milk and colostrum, and they can be administered to prevent Se deficiency in pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: In acute and chronic aerobic exercise, skeletal muscle and liver are the main organs that adapt and regulate metabolic activity. The levels of nitrosative stress caused by exercise in these organs are extremely important in the continuity of exercise, its health-promoting benefits, and the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy. In this study, nitrosative stress levels were investigated in musculus quadriceps femoris tissue and liver tissue of mice that were given low and high-speed aerobic running exercise and also received Cr supplementation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, nitrosative stress levels were investigated in the muscle/liver tissue of 42 BALB/c mice that were given low and high-speed aerobic running exercise and creatine monohydrate (Cr) (40 mg/ kg of diet daily) supplementation with exercise. The study included six groups with and without Cr supplementation, low-speed aerobic running, high-speed aerobic running, and no exercise. The mice in groups with low-speed and high-speed aerobic exercise with and without Cr supplementation were run on the treadmill for 8 weeks. Then, nitric oxide (NO·), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) levels in muscle/liver tissue were measured by spectrophotometric method. RESULTS: It was found that the nitrosative stress level in the groups that did low and highspeed aerobic running exercises increased compared to the group that did not exercise. It was found that NO· decreased NOS activity and ONOO- level increased in muscle tissues of low and high-speed aerobic exercise groups that received Cr supplementation compared to those that did not. However, NO· and ONOO- levels in liver tissue decreased while NOS activity did not change. The lowest level of nitrosative stress in both muscle and liver tissue was found in the low-speed exercise group receiving Cr supplementation. CONCLUSIONS: Although supplements in exercise are an important component, the simultaneously measured nitrosative stress level is critical in determining the optimal exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. It is spreading around the globe like a pandemic. Major factors behind the development of diabetes can be genetics, environmental factors, dietary choices and obesity. Many medicinal plants have anti-diabetic potential. This study has investigated the anti-diabetic effect of curry leaves extract. This study also investigated the chemical characterization of curry leaves. Phytochemicals including saponins, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols and glycosides were also investigated. Encapsulated 5mg per kg of the body weight and 10mg per kg of the body weight were given to treatment groups I and II. Random blood sugar, fasting blood sugar, and HbA1c of 45 diabetic female adults were measured on the 0-day and 45th days. All results were analyzed using the two-sample t-test in IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Curry leaves contained moisture (24.1±1.78)%, ash (17.82±2.13)%, nitrogen free extract (36.12±3.52)%, crude protein (8.32±0.83)%, crude fiber (6.98±2.31)% and crude fat (6.87±0.21)%. Mineral analysis showed that magnesium and calcium were major minerals present in curry leaves. Curry leaves extract contained saponins 2.71±0.23, flavonoids 7.84±0.42, tannins 0.91±0.09, glycosides 0.17±0.01, phenols 3.89±0.12, alkaloids 2.01±0.87. These phytochemicals were expressed in mg/100 g of the sample. Curry leaf extract showed a significant (p<0.05) reduction in fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar and glycated hemoglobin in both treatment groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the hypolipidemic effects of carnosine and a commercial carnosine supplement on lipid status, liver and kidney function, and inflammation associated with dyslipidemia in rats with high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats, divided into control and experimental groups. Animals were kept in standard laboratory conditions and according to groups were treated with saline, carnosine, carnosine dietary supplement, simvastatin, and their combinations. All substances were prepared fresh every day and used by oral gavage. RESULTS: Treatment with a carnosine-based supplement significantly improved total and LDL cholesterol levels in serum, especially in the combination with simvastatin as a conventional drug in dyslipidemia treatment. The effect of carnosine on the metabolism of triglycerides was not as evident as in the case of cholesterol. Nevertheless, the values of the atherogenic index showed that the combinations of carnosine and carnosine supplement with simvastatin were the most effective in lowering this comprehensive lipid index. Dietary carnosine supplementation resulted also in anti-inflammatory effects, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical analyses. Besides, the good safety profile of carnosine in terms of its effect on liver and kidney functions was also confirmed. CONCLUSIONS: The use of carnosine supplements in preventing and/or treatment of metabolic disorders requires further investigations into the mechanisms of action and potential interactions with conventional therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schematic representation of the mechanism of crocin in improving glucose metabolism in T2D patients. Crocin induces the expression of AMPK and GLUT4, alleviating blood sugar and improving oxidative stress. It also decreases inflammation by inhibiting NF-kB gene expression and reducing inflammatory biomarker levels. [Display omitted] • The effects of crocin intake in T2DM under metformin treatment were evaluated. • Crocin supplementation in T2DM under metformin treatment improved glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity and some of the lipid profiles. • Crocin supplementation enhances the expression of AMPK, GLUT-4, while downregulating the expression of the NF-kB, an inflammatory gene. • These modulations contribute to the improvement of biochemical parameters, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Since it has been demonstrated that inflammation and oxidative stress (OS) are important in the etiology and complexity of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), antioxidant treatment is recognized as an effective approach for managing the progression of the disease. The current study was conducted to assess the effects of crocin administration on metabolic and genetic indices in T2DM patients who were receiving metformin. Sixty T2DM patients, receiving metformin, were included in our randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Patients were divided into two groups (n = 30) and received either 15 mg/day crocin supplementation or a placebo twice a day for 12 weeks. Fasting blood was obtained at the beginning and end of the intervention to assess glycemic index, lipid content, indicators of inflammation, and OS. Patients' peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were analyzed for gene expression associated with OS and inflammation using real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Crocin intake significantly decreased fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.001), HbA 1 c (P = 0.002), serum insulin levels (P = 0.03), and insulin resistance (P < 0.001), while significantly enhanced insulin sensitivity (P < 0.001) compared with the placebo. These improvements were also found to be statistically significant in comparison to the baseline values in the crocin group. Moreover, a significant reduction in triglyceride levels (P = 0.04), VLDL-cholesterol (P = 0.04), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (P < 0.001), malondialdehyde (P = 0.046), and significant enhancement of plasma glutathione (P = 0.008) were found in the intervention group compared to the placebo group. Additionally, the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in the intervention group decreased compared to baseline while it increased in the placebo group. Crocin significantly lowered TOS (P < 0.05); however, at the end of the trial there was no significant difference between the two groups. Eventually, crocin supplementation induced AMP-activated protein kinase (P = 0.002) and glucose transporter type 4 (P = 0.02), while downregulating nuclear factor kappa B gene expression levels (P = 0.04) of PBMC compared to the placebo. Overall, crocin supplementation was demonstrated to have ameliorative effects on glycemic indices as well as cardio-metabolic risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selenium, a trace element with antioxidant properties, has been widely studied for its benefits in cancer treatment. This systematic review aims to critically evaluate existing evidence on the effectiveness of selenium as a complementary treatment in cancer patients. In May 2023, a systematic search was conducted searching five electronic databases (Embase, Cochrane, PsychInfo, CINAHL and Medline) to find studies concerning the use, effectiveness and potential harm of selenium substitution therapy on adult cancer patients undergoing cancer treatment. Including and excluding patient criteria were defined beforehand. From 4511 search results, 12 studies in 14 publications with 2483 patients were included in this systematic review. Types of cancer covered in the reviewed studies are non-Hodgkin lymphoma, head and neck cancer, thyroid cancer, acute myeloid or acute lymphocytic leukaemia, stage I non-small lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical and endometrial cancer, prostate cancer and non-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Common outcomes were PSA change, radiotherapy associated toxicities, overall survival (OS), recurrence free interval (RFI) and quality of life (QoL). Most studies showed some concerns in the risk of bias evaluation. The results were heterogeneous: Regarding radiotherapy toxicities, patients with sufficient levels of Se at baseline do not profit of Se supplementation, while those with a deficiency of Se at baseline have significantly reduced toxicities on some scales. Regardless blood levels of Se, no benefit was found for OS, Recurrence Free Interval, Progression Free Interval, Quality of life and PSA compared to control/placebo group. Due to the very heterogeneous results and methodical limitations of the included studies, a clear statement regarding the effectiveness of Se supplementation is not possible, whereas cancer patients with a Se deficiency could profit from a Se supplementation during radio- or chemotherapy. Further studies should define Se deficiency as inclusion criterion and analyze levels of Se during time of intervention. ● Selenium supplementation mitigates radiotherapy-associated dysphagia. ● Significant reduction in chemotherapy-induced diarrhoea with selenium. ● Selenium supplementation reduces oral mucositis severity in leukemia patients. ● Se supplementation decreases myelosuppression in cervical cancer treatment. ● No significant impact of selenium on prostate cancer progression [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Athletes of all abilities, particularly elite athletes, are encouraged to use sports nutrition strategies that improve mental and physical performance while also supporting good health. These strategies include eating a wellbalanced diet with enough energy to meet the macronutrient and micronutrient requirements of training and competition, maintaining optimal body mass (BM) and composition, and implementing specific nutritional strategies before, during, and after training to improve performance. Female athletes experience injuries compared to male athletes so there needs to be good and appropriate injury prevention management for female athletes. This research method is a literature review with several stages. Eligibility Criteria, Information sources and search, Study Selection, Data collection Process. From 125 publications 100 articles remained after the first selection, which was adjusted for duplicates. After screening the abstracts, 70 were excluded. The full texts of 230 articles were screened using eligibility criteria. Finally, 30 studies on female/women athletes subjects were accepted for the qualitative analysis. In the articles that have been observed, several types of supplements used by female athletes appear, supplements, including iron supplements, calcium, types of drinks that contain high protein, packaged drinks that contain high creatinine, caffeine, melatonine, vitamin D, New Zealand Blackcurrant, sodium phospate. Despite the fact that female athletes outnumber male athletes in certain sports, literature on nutrient consumption and, in particular, supplement intake in female athletes is lacking. Even though female athletes are one of the groups prone to malnutrition, it is necessary to manage food intake while properly monitoring how to take supplements so that conditions in which female athletes experience malnutrition do not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of vitamins B12, B6 and folate supplementation at >100% Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) for six months on serum homocysteine (Hcy) levels of an elderly urbanised black South African community. An experimental, non-equivalent control group intervention study design was used in a 104 purposively selected sample. Two groups were compared: hyperhomocysteinaemic (hyperHcy) (n = 61) and normo-homocysteinaemic (normoHcy) (n = 43). Elders attending a day-care centre in Sharpeville, Gauteng, South Africa. All subjects were equivalent in age (> 60 years), race (black) and unemployed/pensioner. The following parameters were determined at baseline and after the six-month supplementation: serum Hcy, vitamins B6, B12 and folate levels, red cell count, mean cell volume, haemoglobin, haematocrit and the nutritional intake of vitamin B6, B12 and folate. A very high incidence (66.36%) of hyperhomocysteinaemia was present in the sample. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) serum Hcy level in hyperhomocysteinaemic individuals decreased statistically significantly from 25.00 ± 8.00 umol/l to 18.80 ± 12.00 umol/l after the intervention. The number of respondents with an increased Hcy level decreased from 100% (baseline) to 67% after the intervention. It is concluded that supplementation of vitamins B6, B12 and folate is an effective Hcy-lowering approach to reduce hyperhomocysteinaemia in an elderly population, and thereby reduce their risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The supplementation had a beneficial effect on the respondents' serum vitamin B6 as well as their haemopoiesis (decreased macrocytosis). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and Objective. Zinc is a trace element that plays a role in stimulating innate and acquired immunity. The aim of the study was to determine the antiviral effect of the administration of zinc in COVID-19 patients. Materials and Method. A literature search was performed in P Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane databases from 1 January 2020 - 22 August 2022. In addition, reference lists of the included articles and their related citations in PubMed were also reviewed for additional pertinent studies. Results. A total of 9 eligible studies were identified. In-hospital mortality in zinc supplementation patients, and patients treated without zinc, varied and amounted to 21.6% vs. 23.04% difference (OR=0.71; 95%CI: 0.62-0.81; p<0.001). 28-day to 30-day mortality in patients treated with zinc was 7.7%, compared to 11.9% for patients treated without zinc (OR=0.61; 95%CI: 0.35-1.06; p=0.08). In-hospital adverse events among patients treated with and without COVID-19 did not show any statistically significant differences in relation to acute kidney injury occurrence (12.8% vs. 12.4%, respectively; OR=0.63; 95%CI: 0.19-2.12; p=0.45, as well as need for mechanical ventilation (13.2% vs. 14.1%; OR=0.83; 95%CI: 0.52-1.32; p=0.43). Conclusions. Zinc supplementation is associated with lower COVID-19 in-hospital mortality. Additionally, it is risk-free in COVID-19 patients since there have been no negative side effects, such as acute renal damage or the requirement for mechanical ventilation compared to patients without COVID-19. Due to scientific evidence and the role it represents in the human body, zinc supplementation should be taken into consideration for COVID-19 patients as an adjunct therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Sportiva Bohemica et Slovaca is the property of Ceska spolecnost telovychovneho lekarstvi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fruit-derived polyphenols (FDP) are rich in antioxidants and have anti-inflammatory properties. They have also been shown to improve exercise performance. FDP supplementation may increase muscle oxygenation during exercise through the nitric oxide (NO) pathway by increasing both NO bioavailability and endothelial NO synthase expression. The current meta-analysis systematically evaluates the relevant randomised controlled trials to verify whether FDP supplementation improves exercise performance compared to the placebo (PLA). Relevant studies have been examined using five electronic databases: PubMed, EMBASE, Ovid [MEDLINE], SPORTDiscus and Web of Science. Other relevant articles from grey literature sources were also manually examined. Fifty-five trials from 29 studies met the inclusion criteria, involving a total of 651 subjects. The overall effect size yielded an average standardised mean difference (SMD) of 0.29 (95% CI: 0.21 to 0.38, p<0.001), indicating that FDP supplementation provides a small yet significant performance benefit over PLA. In the subgroup analysis, the current study found that the highest effect size is from the co-ingestion of multiple sources of FDP (SMD = 0.40 [95% CI: 0.13 to 0.65], p<0.001), followed by cherries and berries, then pomegranates (SMD = 0.28 [95% CI: 0.18 to 0.37], p<0.001 and SMD = 0.23 [95% CI: 0.02 to 0.43], p=0.03, respectively). These findings suggest that the ergogenic effects of dietary polyphenol supplementation naturally sourced from fruit does improve exercise performance and can potentially benefit athletes in the context of supplementation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrulline is a precursor of arginine prior to the conversion to nitric oxide. It is believed that L-citrulline intake may increase anaerobic performance in non-athletes. The present study examines the influence of acute citrulline-malate supplementation on maximal isometric handgrip strength, Wingate anaerobic cycling and fractional exhaled nitric oxide in well-trained combat athletes. Twelve athletes consisting of 7 men and 5 women judokas participated in this study (age: 28.2 ± 4.4 years, mass: 71.3 ± 7.4 kg, height: 165.8 ± 5.6 cm, training experience: 8.4 ± 5.1 years and training volume: 7.5 ± 1.9 hour·week-1). In a double-blind, randomised and crossover design, all measurements were conducted an hour after participants had orally ingested citrullinemalate (citrulline-malate; 8 g maltodextrin + 250 mg·kg-1 citrulline-malate) and the placebo (8 g maltodextrin) separated by a 10-day washout period. Citrulline-malate increases relative peak power as compared to the placebo (citrulline-malate: 10.6 ± 1.6 vs. placebo: 10.1 ± 1.2 Watts·kg-1; p=0.02). A significant increase can be seen in the average grip strength when citrulline-malate is used as compared to the placebo (citrulline-malate: 34.1 ± 2.2 vs. placebo: 32.0 ± 3.1 kg; p<0.01). The resting fractional exhaled nitric oxide is also significantly greater compared to the placebo (citrulline-malate: 44.1 ± 2.2 vs. placebo: 32.0 ± 3.1 parts per billion; p=0.02). This result indicates that acute citrulline-malate supplementation can enhance anaerobic performance, likely through the improvement in nitric oxide. It has ergogenic potential for combat athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of capsiate supplementation on energy intake, self-reported appetite-related sensations, energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and autonomic parameters with and without an exercise intervention. Thirteen healthy men completed four randomized trials: two trials for the control condition (without exercise), one with capsiate supplementation (CTRLcap) and one with a placebo (CTRLpla), and two trials for the exercise condition, one with capsiate supplementation (EXcap) and one with placebo (EXpla). Exercise sessions were performed 150 min after the consumption of a standardized breakfast, and supplementation 115 min after consumption of breakfast. An ad libitum buffet was offered 200 min following the completion of the standardized breakfast, and energy intake (EI) and relative energy intake (REI) (relative energy intake = energy intake - energy expenditure related to exercise) were evaluated. There were no significant effects on EI, self-reported appetite sensations, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure. REI was reduced in conditions involving EX when compared to CTRL. A low-frequency to high-frequency ratio for heart rate variability was higher in CTRLcap (1.6 ± 1.1) vs. CTRLpla (1.2 ± 0.9) (p = 0.025; d = 0.39). Acute capsiate supplementation combined with aerobic exercise has limited effects on the examined variables (EI, REI, fat oxidation, energy expenditure, and autonomic parameters), while changes in the autonomic nervous system function in the absence of exercise may have occurred without influencing other variables. ensaiosclinicos.gov.br number, RBR-5pckyr [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • 21-day supplementation with n-3 PUFAs do not affect physical performance. • N-3 supplementation decreases n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids level. • Adrenic and dihomo-γ-linolenic n-6 acid levels are lower after n-3 supplementation. Although the usual focus is on how n-3 PUFA supplementation affects athletes' health, questions remain as to whether short-term supplementation affects anaerobic performance and how this type of supplementation is associated with exercise-induced changes in n-6 PUFA content. Physically active young healthy men were assigned to two groups to determine the effect of 21 days of n-3 PUFA supplementation (the study was completed by 9 subjects receiving 3250 mg n-3 PUFA supplement daily, and 15 subjects receiving placebo filled with aqueous solution). Physical performance was measured by double Wingate aerobic test (WAnT). Blood was collected for analysis at four-time points (baseline and 24 h after WAnT, both before and after 21 days of supplementation). The n-3 and n-6 PUFAs were analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A significant increase in the n-3 PUFA (140.1 %, p ≤ 0.01) content and decreased dihomo-γ-linolenic (DGLA) (26.5 %, p ≤ 0.01) and adrenic (AdA) (28.3 %, p ≤ 0.01) acid content were observed in the supplementation group compared to the placebo group following supplementation. No exercise-induced changes in PUFA content were observed. Concluding, n-3 PUFA supplementation modified PUFA content in favour of n-3 PUFAs at the expense of some n-6 PUFAs (DGLA and AdA). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Strict adherence to guidelines with a comprehensive preoperative assessment and rigorous follow-up are essential to improve postoperative and long-term outcomes of bariatric surgery (BS). To investigate the trends in BS in France and to assess the compliance to guidelines in people with obesity before and after BS. University Hospital of Bordeaux, France. Data on patients who were admitted for a primary BS procedure in France between January 1 and April 1, 2014, were extracted from the French national health insurance system database. Data on patients' characteristics, preoperative assessment, hospitalization, and postoperative follow-up, including medical consultations, laboratory tests, and drug consumption, during the year preceding and the 2 years after BS were collected. Most of the 11,824 patients (60.4%) had sleeve gastrectomy. Rates of reimbursement for preoperative consultations with general practitioners, digestive surgeons, and endocrinologists or internists were 94.5%, 89.2%, and 63%, respectively. Laboratory tests for nutritional and obesity-related co-morbidity evaluations were performed in 94.3% and 91.4%, respectively. Rates of consultation with general practitioners, digestive surgeons, and endocrinologists or internists dropped from 93.1%, 91.2%, and 29.2%, respectively, the first year to 88.4%, 50.3%, and 20%, respectively, the second year after BS (P <.001). Reimbursements for vitamin, iron, and calcium supplementation dropped from 66.6%, 24.9%, and 21%, respectively, the first year to 52.1%, 19.3%, and 11.7%, respectively, the second year after BS (P <.001). Overall compliance with guidelines is improving. While preoperative medical assessment is nearly optimal, efforts still should be made in order to improve long-term follow-up in general and patient adherence to micronutrient supplementation in particular. - Strict adherence to guidelines is essential to improve outcomes of bariatric surgery. - Pre-operative medical assessment before bariatric surgery is nearly optimal. - Consultations with GP's and specialists dropped the second year after surgery. - Vitamins, iron and calcium supplementation dropped the second year after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken to investigate the protective roles of Adansonia digitata (African baobab) Cucumeropsis mannii (Melon), Abelmoschus esculentus (Okro), on lipid profile, bone health, and selected organs (liver, kidney, brain, and testis) against cadmium-induced toxicity in rabbits. Twenty male rabbits were grouped into five with four rabbits in each group. Group 1 served as positive control and received standard feed and 1.5 mg/kg body weight normal saline, group 2 served as negative control and were exposed to 1.5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride, group 3 received 1.5 mg/kg body weight cadmium Adansonia digitata supplemented feed, group 4 received 1.5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride and Citrullus lanatus supplemented feed, while group 5 were given 1.5 mg/kg body weight cadmium chloride and Abelmoschus esculentus supplemented feed. All administrations were orally and lasted for 28 days. At the end of the administration, blood, liver, kidney, brain, and testes were harvested from the rabbits for biochemical and histological analysis. One-way analysis of variance followed by Turkey's test was used to analyze the results with p < 0.05 considered significant. The results revealed that cadmium exposure caused a significant increase in serum total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration, and atherogenic index in rabbits exposed to cadmium. Cadmium exposure also reduced bone calcium concentration. Adansonia digitata maintained the atherogenic index of plasma at 2.67 compared with the positive control group (2.66). The three vegetables reversed the cadmium-induced up-regulation of total cholesterol and triacylglycerol in the liver, kidney, and brain but not in the testis. All the vegetables also restored bone calcium. Citrullus lanatus and Abelmoschus esculentus prevented organ damage induced by cadmium exposure. These vegetables however play different protective roles against cadmium exposed rabbits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many types of people have been noted to show less than maximum zinc functional status. One group that has not been examined is healthy middle-aged, non-vegetarian men in the USA. Aim: To determine if supplementation with zinc improves values for two plasma indicators of zinc status. Methods: Zinc arginate (30 mg zinc/day) was given for 6 weeks to healthy middle-aged men. Results: Supplementation produced statistically significant, but small increases in plasma values for zinc and activity of 5′-nucleotidase, a zinc enzyme. Conclusion: These results suggest that middle-aged, healthy, meat-eating US males tend to show close to maximal zinc functional status. However, such men may not have a safety margin in zinc stores that covers situations where higher than normal zinc needs develop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of a single and chronic oral intake of l -arginine supplementation on blood ammonia concentration and exercise performance. Sixteen healthy young men (mean ± standard deviation, 23 ± 3 years) participated in a randomised, double-blind, cross-over, placebo-controlled study. For the acute trials, the participants consumed 200 mL of water containing either l -arginine (5 g) or placebo (dextrin; 5.5 g) and performed cycling exercise at 75% of heart rate reserve for 60 min, followed by a 15-min cycling performance test. For the chronic trials, the participants continued to consume each designated supplement twice a day for another 13 days, and then repeated the same protocol as the acute trials at day 15. After a 14-day washout period, the participants changed the supplement and repeated the same protocol as above. Plasma ammonia concentrations were lower in the chronic arginine trial than those in both acute placebo (mean difference - 4.5 μmol/L) and acute arginine (mean difference - 5.1 μmol/L) trials (p < 0.05). There was no difference in plasma ammonia concentration between the chronic arginine and chronic placebo trials (mean difference - 1.2 μmol/L). No differences were found in mean power output during the performance test between the chronic arginine and chronic placebo trials (mean difference 0.5 W) or between the acute arginine and acute placebo trials (mean difference 0.0 W). An acute and chronic oral intake of l -arginine supplementation did not attenuate exercise-induced increases in ammonia accumulation or had no significant impact on cycling performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methods: A literature review was performed relevant to the behavioral effects of PMS and PMDD and symptomatology. Nutritional and lifestyle interventions with evidence were analyzed and reviewed. Results: Studies indicated that intestinal dysbiosis, the Western diet, inadequacies in omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, vitamin B6, iron, sun exposure, smoking, alcohol, and physical activity are linked to symptomatology associated with PMS and PMDD. Conclusion: Addressing micronutrient and essential fatty acid deficiencies, intestinal dysbiosis, smoking avoidance, limiting alcohol consumption, promoting physical activity and sunlight exposure, and providing education on PMS and PMDD may improve symptoms associated with these conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most important problems of hemodialysis (HD) patients is anorexia due to the lack of proper treatment for it and on the other hand kidney disease is increasing. We designed a randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the effects of Artemisia supplementation on anorexia in HD patients. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was carried out on 58 subjects with HD, aged 55–65 years old. Participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group received 250 mg/day of Artemisia supplement capsule for six weeks (n=26), and the other group was given placebo for the same time duration and dosage (n=32). The serum concentrations of urea, creatinine, albumin and hemoglobin were measured enzymatically using commercial kits. Anorexia score was measured using a Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ). Independent t-test analysis were applied to evaluate the data The results showed that the Artemisia supplementation significantly improved the anorexia in HD patients, for six weeks (p<0.05). However, it did not significantly effect on the albumin, hemoglobin, urea, creatinine, arm circumference, and body mass index (p>0.05). According to the outcomes of this study, Artemisia supplementation can be effective as an adjunct therapy for improve anorexia in HD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vitamin D deficiency in the perioperative surgical period is associated with inferior surgical outcomes. There are no established preoperative supplementation regimens in the orthopedic literature. The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy between 2 different supplementation regimens of vitamin D prior to total knee arthroplasty.Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 174 patients identified as vitamin D deficient (25(OH)D < 30 ng/mL) who received one of 2 vitamin D supplementation protocols: (1) daily supplementation with D3 on a sliding scale from 1000 to 6000 IU or (2) a loading dose of 50,000 IU D3 weekly for 4 weeks then 2000 IU/d. Serum vitamin D levels were measured at 3 months and 1 month preoperatively.Results: Mean patient age was 65.5(±8.6) years, and 54.6% were female. Deficiency was corrected in 73.3% of patients in the loading dose group and 42.4% of patients in the daily, low-dose group [χ2 (1, N = 174) = 16.53, P < .001]. Patients in the loading dose group also achieved a greater average correction in vitamin D levels.Conclusion: This is the first study to compare preoperative vitamin D supplementation protocols. A loading dose regimen of 50,000 IU weekly for 4 weeks followed by a maintenance dose of 2000 IU/d more effectively corrects vitamin D deficiency compared to a low-dose, daily regimen among total knee arthroplasty patients. We recommend this regimen for deficiency correction in patients who have been screened to be deficient in vitamin D preoperatively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characterization of folate status in subjects at risk of deficiency and with altered vitamin homeostasis is crucial to endorse preventive intervention health policies, especially in developed countries. Several physiological changes (i.e. pregnancy), clinical situations and diseases have been associated to increased requirement, impaired intake and absorption of folate. However clinical practice guidelines (CPG) endorse folic acid supplementation generally discarding the use of its determination in serum to assess the risk of deficiency and/or its concentration at baseline. Poor confidence on the diagnostic accuracy of serum folate assays still persists in the current CPGs although recent standardization efforts have greatly improved inter-method variability and precision. In this review we critically appraise the methodological issues concerning laboratory folate determination and the evidence on the potential adverse effects of folic acid exposure. The final aim is to build a sound background to promote serum folate-based cost-effective health care policies by optimizing folic acid supplementation in subjects at risk of deficiency and with altered folate homeostasis. Our first result was to adjust in relation to current serum folate assays the thresholds reported by CPGs as index of folate status, defined on the association with metabolic and hematologic indicators. We identify a statistically significant difference between the estimated thresholds and accordingly show that the assessment of folate status actually changes in relation to the assay employed. The use of the method-dependent thresholds here reported may pragmatically endorse the stewardship of folic acid supplementation in clinical practice and increase the cost-effectiveness of health care policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 28 days of supplementation with a blend of trisodium citrate, creatine monohydrate, leucine, and blueberry extract (TCLB) versus creatine monohydrate (CM) and placebo on measures of muscular strength, endurance, and power. Thirty-seven men volunteered to consume either TCLB, CM, or Placebo for 28 days. Bench press 1 repetition maximum (1RM), bench press repetitions to failure, Wingate peak power (PP), and Wingate mean power (MP) were assessed before and after the supplementation period. Mixed factorial ANOVAs with post hoc Tukey's HSD demonstrated significantly (P<0.05) greater improvements in bench press 1RM (7.8 ± 7.3%), bench press repetitions to failure (32.2 ± 29.2%), and Wingate PP (8.4 ± 12.4%) for the TCLB Group than the CM and Placebo Groups. The results of the present study demonstrated that compared to CM or Placebo, 28 days of TCLB supplementation was significantly more effective at improving muscular strength, endurance, and power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The role of dietary supplements in the prevention and treatment of various clinical manifestations of epilepsy has been a topic of recent interest. • Omega-3 fatty acids may inhibit neuronal excitability and may have anticonvulsant effects with a potential role in the treatment of refractory seizure. • Omega 3 may help in achieving good seizure control in children with ADHD and intractable epilepsy. Omega-3 may have a role in the treatment of drug- resistant epilepsy. To evaluate omega-3 supplementation in seizure control in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and intractable epilepsy. Sixty children with ADHD and intractable epilepsy were enrolled. They were randomly assigned in a double-blind fashion in a 1:1 ratio into the omega-3 supplementation group or the placebo group in addition to risperidone and antiepileptic drugs. All patients were assessed for the frequency and severity of the epileptic attacks at baseline, monthly, and at 6 months from the beginning of the study; 30 children received omega-3 and the other 30 children received placebo. At baseline, the median number of seizures per month was 5 in both groups. After one month, this median decreased to 3 and became 2 after two months of supplementation with omega-3 in the supplementation group while it remained 5 in the control group. After 3 months and till the end of the study, this median decreased to 0 while it remained 5 in the control group throughout the study period. Children who were supplemented with omega-3 showed a significant decrease in the monthly frequency of seizure attacks after six months of supplementation compared to the baseline before supplementation (P < 0.05) There was no significant decrease in the severity of the seizures attacks among our patients with omega-3 supplementation (P > 0.05). Omega 3 may help in achieving good seizure control in children with ADHD and intractable epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To assess calcium-phosphate parameters in SPMS patients treated with mitoxantrone (MTX). Thirty eight SPMS patients eligible for MTX therapy in the Department of Neurology in Zabrze, Poland were enrolled in a prospective study from March 2016 to November 2019. The parameters of serum calcium-phosphate metabolism and the neurological status according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) were assessed. In patients with hypovitaminosis D, vitamin D (VitD) supplementation was introduced (4000 IU/day for 1 month and later 2000 IU /day). Most patients were women [57.89%]. The mean age [years] was 56.11 (±7.74). The median time from diagnosis to inclusion day (ID) was 7.50 [4.00–14.00] [years]. Due to VitD supplementation, an increase in serum VitD was observed during the study. 84.21% of patients presented with hypovitaminosis D before MTX treatment compared to 47.37% after treatment. Before MTX therapy, none of the patients underwent surgical repair of the fracture compared to 42.11% of patients after MTX treatment (p < 0.01). Deficiency of VitD was observed at the baseline in most SPMS patients eligible for MTX therapy. Due to adverse reactions to MTX treatment, this therapy requires patient compliance, cautious drug administration and monitoring during the therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Animal and cell models indicated that vitamin D modulates inflammatory activity, which is considered relevant in the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on systemic markers of inflammation in a cohort of hypertensive patients.Methods and Results: The Styrian Vitamin D Hypertension Trial is a single-centre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study conducted from 2011 to 2014 in Austria. We enrolled 200 study participants with arterial hypertension and 25-hydroxy-vitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentration below 30 ng/mL. Study participants were randomized to receive either 2800 IU of vitamin D3 per day or placebo for 8 weeks. The present investigation is a post-hoc analysis using analysis of co-variance (ANCOVA). Outcome measures were biomarkers of inflammation including CRP, leukocytes including subtypes and leukocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, leucine and kynurenic acid. A total of 187 participants (mean age 60.1 ± 11.3years; 47% women; mean baseline 25(OH)D 21.1 ± 5.6 ng/mL) completed the trial. ANCOVA revealed a mean treatment effect for none of the respective outcomes and no significant results were detected in various subgroup analyses.Conclusion: Vitamin D3 supplementation in hypertensive patients with insufficient 25(OH)D concentrations has no significant effect on lowering markers of systemic inflammation. Further studies investigating the effect of vitamin D on other inflammatory pathways and in populations with severe vitamin D deficiency and a significant inflammatory burden are required.Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02136771; EudraCT No. 2009-018,125-70. Start Date: 2011-04-06. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gut microbiota is involved in the metabolism of calcium, iron, magnesium, selenium, copper, zinc, and silver. Previous research indicates that the mineral status of an organism is associated mostly with the mineral content in the diet, but there is also evidence for probiotic bacteria having an effect on facilitating mineral absorption. However, the effect of probiotic supplementation on the gut microbiota composition is not clear, with some studies pointing towards no effect, or towards individual and strain-specific efficacy. Hair samples were previously established as a biomarker of dietary mineral intake over the previous 6-8 weeks. The aim of this research was to test the hypothesis that prophylactic consumption of Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 can impact the mineral status in healthy females. The study utilizes a randomized, single-blind, placebo-control design. 53 healthy females between 19 and 33 years old were enrolled, and 38 completed the trial. A 6-week supplementation with Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 or placebo was conducted. Participants were asked not to change any of their diet and lifestyle habits during the study. The contents of Ca, Mg, Zn, Cu, and Fe in hair samples were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The outcome of this study provides evidence that Bifidobacterium lactis BS01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus LA02 strains might be useful for improving the mineral status in healthy people (without dietary intervention), increasing Ca, Mg, Fe, and decreasing Cu concentration in hair, changing the mineral balance. The results support the hypothesis that probiotics might possibly have antidepressant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]