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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Politik is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study argues that the Union maintains a double standard on working conditions in relation to the criteria established at international level, which allows to tolerate situations of labour exploitation as 'unserious', 'proportionated' or 'normal' phenomena. By analysing the gaps in the protection of the right to fair and just working conditions, the idea that an upward convergence of workers' rights would be supported (and required) by the general duty to protect human dignity and to ensure fair competition in the Single Market is advanced. The relationship between these fundamental principles in the implementation of the right to fair and just working conditions is examined through the notion of 'social market economy'. The aim is to illustrate what kind of measures could (or should) be taken to integrate the protection of human rights and market efficiency, and whether in practice there seems to be an articulation between these fundamental principles or, on the contrary, an insurmountable contradiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The post-war economic policy of West Germany (FRG) is largely associated with the so-called economic miracle (German: Wirtschaftswunder) and therefore its causes are the subject of many different analyzes. They include the correlation between the rate of economic growth in Germany and the development and transport potential of transport, including rail and road-car transport. This position prompted the author to try to search for long-term interdependencies and thus verify the thesis using the analysis of time series (1950–1989) available for West Germany and using original econometric methods in this field, e.g. unit root test to determine the stationarity and the Engle-Granger cointegration test. In addition to the introduction, the article consists of three parts and conclusions. The broadest one includes the description of the assumptions and stages of the research procedure and its results, both on the empirical and methodological level. It is based on synthetic theoretical foundations presented on the basis of a review of international literature on the subject and review of the essence of the German economic miracle and the main trends in changes in the field of economic growth and transport development in Germany after World War II. The research presented in this way fits into the principles of the new economic history paradigm, which is still not very popular in Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The objective of this research is to provide information about the current situation as it pertains to the application of sustainably development in the Football enterprises Borussia Dortmund (BVB). Design/methodology/approach: The first part of this research discusses some particular points of the business strategy and sustainability managing of Football enterprises Borussia Dortmund. To pursue this strategic goal, BVB is trying to increase the revenues and increase the business results and thus the value of the company in a sustainable manner. Borussia Dortmund management keeps its social responsibilities towards the fans, club members, the city of Dortmund, and the region in mind. We present social, ecological and economic impact of Borussia Dortmund activities. This paper combines the conclusions from secondary data analysis, content analysis of websites and the author's own empirical investigation based on a series of interviews. Findings:Football enterprises function in the form of companies and have pursuing different purposes economic and social goals. In the structures of football enterprises Borussia Dortmund their exists departments Corporate Responsibility for still better implementation of sustainability goals in practice. BVB uses own sports and economics potential to assume responsibility, which is tied closely to Dortmund and the surrounding Ruhr region, and recognises sustainable development as a guiding principle at global level. Implementation strategies for sustainably development is a significant factor for increasecompetitive advantages of Borussia Dortmund. Research and practical limitations/implications:This research highlights that sustainable development has to become a part of management strategies of football enterprises. The constitutive elements of social market economy had an influence on the functioning of football enterprises Borussia Dortmund. Projects realized under the social responsibility, that were undertaken by sport companies BVB, were strongly related to sports education, environmental protection, social exclusion. Sustainable development of Borussia Dortmund is an interesting case study for another football clubs (enterprises) in Europe, especially for polish football clubs. Originality/value: The author draw attention to the argument that the professional sport industry requires a unique and original sustainable development. Football enterprises have many opportunities to contribute to sustainable development. Need to be noticed that sustainable development is big chance for sports clubs to open new opportunities and chance to economic development also adding value of brand (BVB is one 12th place in ranking of the Football Brands in Europe and Number One in ranking of Germany Football Clubs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper takes stock of the economic policy balance sheet of the era Angela Merkel. It analyzes to what extent the positive economic indicators of her chancellorship is related to principles of economic policy Ludwig Erhard stood for and explains Merkel's economic policy choices from a public choice perspective. The study shows that economic policy under Angela Merkel has drifted increasingly away from the legacy of Ludwig Erhard's free market policy towards socially and ecologically motivated interventionism. It is contended that Germany's current positive economic development is, therefore, actually the result of the labour market reforms of the previous chancellor Gerhard Schröder and the undervalued euro. The paper argues that Angela Merkel's policy choices have been favoured by the incentives structure of the political system and the prevalence of the widespread belief of the population in the need and good of market regulations and redistribution. Yet, because of their stifling effects on economic dynamism these policies make Germany increasingly ill-equipped to tackle urgent economic challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the political and economic discourse has been dominated by the crises that the European Union (EU) is still facing. The crises are spilling over from one sphere to another; form the financial crisis, through the economic, political, institutional, axiological to social sphere. As a result, declining confidence of the Member States in the integration process strengthens the nationalist sentiments, populist and Eurosceptic movements, and moreover, Great Britain has decided to leave the European community. The EU is blamed for its democratic deficit, technocracy and decisiveness, which disrupts national orders, while Europeanization is seen as forcibly imposing the adoption of supranational solutions, “top-down”. Meanwhile, Germany has come through the crises unscratched, and points out how to order the destabilizing effects of EU governance through the transfer of national practices to the Community level, “bottom-up”. It turns out, that the German economic order, based on the principles of ordoliberalism and the style of policy-making and social management called the Social Market Economy (Soziale Marktwirtschaft) is so efficient and effective, that not only in times of crisis, but from the beginning of European integration its components are transferred to the sub-national level. The purpose of article is to clarify the phenomenon of Europeanization, taking particular account of Germany’s role, which has strengthened its position in the EU through the Social Market Economy. Based on its experience, Germany consistently introduces economic, social, institutional (formal and informal) solutions to the governance structure of the EU, thereby strongly influencing policies and politics of the European community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The german model of evolution, the social market economy, has always attracted researchers' attention. On what ideas, theses doctrine are based and will be supported by in the future? What was the secret application today and in the European Union, in Europe, in the world of what Germany is doing? How overcame terrible precipice, where to put, we can say, alone? What perspectives can arise? This is my communication about, this are the problems I address in a european perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Fomento Social is the property of ETEA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ius et Praxis (07172877) is the property of Universidad de Talca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The social market economy is the third work path of an economy and it is different from the deregulated free market economy with Anglo-American origin, but also from the socialist economy, it could be considered a middle path between the two of them. Social market economy combines private initiative and competitiveness with social protection, having as purpose maintaining economic welfare and the full occupancy of the labor force. Social market economy could be framed from the doctrinaire perspective between classical liberalism based on laissez-faire and economic socialism based statism, being a german product, based on the "ordo-liberal" doctrine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Politicos is the property of Facultad de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ensayos de Política Económica is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research article tries to highlight the idea of social market economy as not only a third world country reality, but also the opportunity for natural resources to be negotiated and transfered without any issues regarding its deployment and development as a concept and as macroeconomic evolutionary status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the main European approaches on economics and defines the traits of the new European proposal. It states that the aim of the European Economic Community's founders was not only mercantilist, but economic in the wider sense of the term economics. The social market economy is said to be the specific model of Europe. The approaches of economic ethics that have evolved in Europe have a lot to say in the establishment of a "Euroethos."

Copyright of Langage & Societe is the property of Fondation Maison des Sciences de l'Homme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Freiburg school of ordoliberalism contributions to the modern economic thinking and some of its implications for post-war economic and social policy in West Germany are discussed in this paper. After explaining some elementary terms there is a short excursion in the economic history and external conditions. Part four discusses the importance of competition for both a dynamic and stabile economic growth performance and long-lasting balance in society, followed by a description of the basic premises of the competitive order-the constitutive principles and the regulatory principles preserving the competition and balance in long-run period. The role of state, science and the churches in creating and influencing both the order of economy and society is the theme of part five. Social market economy arising from the ordoliberal theoretical conception is discussed in part six. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The command economy that the Czech Republic inherited from the communist system was considered unreformable. It seems as if the social and economic transition of ex-communist countries is necessary for their full inclusion among democratic countries with highly developed market economic systems. No new central European tiger has emerged since Erhard's reform in the post-war West Germany, since welfare-statism also destroyed a genuine economic transition in the Czech Republic. Influential interest groups were able to interrupt the transition process and to stop it halfway in many areas. Political pressures to bring the Czech Republic closer to European Union's standards led to the passing of laws and government measures that were incompatible with the highly-regarded transition strategy. The development of public law at the expense of private law enforcement (in accordance with EU policy) led to the further expansion of bazaar capitalism in the Czech Republic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]