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Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Robert de Ferrers III, the sixth earl of Derby, is generally considered an outlier in the events of the civil war in England between 1264 and 1266. His involvement in the rebellion centred on Simon de Montfort, earl of Leicester, has been widely interpreted as driven by self-interest and aggrandisement, defined by unorthodox levels of violence and lawlessness. This paper offers a comprehensive analysis of Robert's involvement in the rebellion across the Midlands in 1264, and places the surviving evidence within its wider contexts. In doing so, it shows that Ferrers' activities during 1264 were much more aligned with the baronial faction's strategic interests than is generally understood, and his behaviour was far from unorthodox. Through this analysis, the paper also illuminates how the chronicler William Rishanger's influence among modern historians is due a correction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The self-centrality principle holds that contemplative practices activate self-salience, encouraging moral self-enhancement, rather than the expected effect of acceptance hypothesized by the ego-quieting principle (Gebauer et al., 2018). However, meditation may favor ego-quieting by inhibiting the disposition to judge and/or react to defend more equanimously a self that feels threatened (Brown et al., 2007). In this study, we propose that meditation helps to reduce behaviors based on self-interest by limiting the defensive sense of the ego when the self is salient. We carry out three experimental studies to test this proposal. The first one tests the effect of meditation on a salient self with a proximal threat to their physical survival (N = 400). The second study tests the effect of meditation in the case of distal defensiveness in a salient self whose physical survival is threatened (N = 200). The third study evaluates the effect of proximal defensiveness when the integrity of the self-concept of the salient self is threatened (N = 200). Our results provide evidence that practicing meditation quiets the ego, or tends to do so, when attention is focused on a self-threatened by a context based on a thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While increasing numbers of philosophers have argued for eliminating the retributivist elements of criminal justice systems, their arguments often fall short due to internal inconsistency. Some of the best known of these arguments — such as those provided by Derk Pereboom and Gregg Caruso — rely on the claim that there are moral grounds for rejecting retributivism. In defending this claim, these philosophers typically provide arguments seeking to undermine the type of agent responsibility that they believe is needed to justify retributivism. This is usually followed by an assertion that since the excessive suffering caused by retributivist punishment cannot be justified, it is therefore immoral to preserve remnants of it in our criminal justice systems. This paper — which opposes the moral case against retributivism provided by Pereboom and Caruso, and favors non-moral reasons that recommend rejecting a retributivist approach — is divided into three parts. In part one, I discuss why Pereboom and Caruso are correct in thinking that free will skepticism undercuts the moral justification for retributivism. Part two sets out to explain why their moral case against retributivism fails insofar as it runs afoul of the folk intuitions that are called upon to defend Pereboom’s account of free will skepticism. In part three, I provide a non-moral case against the retributivism that is founded on considerations of self-interest and empathy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we examine the role of reciprocity enabled by digital social platforms for offline healthy behavior. Although reciprocity is a fundamental aspect of human psychology, its application in promoting healthy behavior has been limited. We conduct a randomized field experiment with over 1,700 pairs of users on a mobile social network platform. Individuals in the reciprocity treatment group receive a gift from their friends and are asked to return this favor by participating in a running challenge. Their performance is compared to the self-interest incentives widely used in practice. Building on social exchange theory, we argue that reciprocity-based incentives will outperform self-interest incentives with modest reward for motivating behavior change. We find that, on average, reciprocity is stronger than self-interest in inducing exercise behavior by a substantial amount. Furthermore, our results reveal that the magnitude of the reciprocity effect is contingent on the social closeness between senders and receivers. Interestingly, social closeness has an inverted U-shaped influence on the reciprocity effect. The effect is strongest when closeness is moderate, and wanes when closeness is either too strong or too weak. Compared to commonly used self-interest based financial incentives, our findings offer a potentially more powerful avenue for mechanism design in promoting healthy behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1808 the French Islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe represented the last threat to British colonial interests in the West Indies. Strategic concerns were not, however, the driving force behind British combined naval–military operations to capture them. Professional and financial gain were the primary motives for the officers in charge, Rear Admiral Sir Alexander Cochrane and General Sir George Beckwith, as they debated fleet and troop dispositions for attacks on the islands. The chance to seize prizes, booty, and valuable appointments to colonial offices on captured territory played a large part in the formulation of plans, although changes to both the strategic situation in the region and the metropolitan–colonial relationship threatened their prospects. This article examines Cochrane and Beckwith's efforts to maintain autonomy in the face of stricter government oversight, sufficient to achieve their personal ambitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Universities are hybrid organizations, which increasingly embark in entrepreneurial activities as a means of achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs). These include outreach and community engagement activities such as sponsoring cultural or sporting events. With our conceptual expository argument, taking a multitheoretical approach, we contribute to the event management and social entrepreneurship literatures by examining how and why universities engage in UNSDGs-oriented events. This is important as little is known about how they contribute to the UNSDGs and use events. We question the altruistic assumption underpinning their engagement. Informed by institutional theory and strategic management value-based literature, we explore why they have taken this route and suggest self-interest rather than altruism is driving their decisions to engage in social entrepreneurship. They are value-creating strategies. We argue it is serendipity that many interpret universities??? social entrepreneurship decisions and the events that flow from them as acts of altruism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Oedipus at Colonus Sophocles shows that neither individual reason nor piety are singularly sufficient for either individual happiness or the common good. Human understanding is dependent on a decentering of the individual, such that the reason of the wider community, including that of the gods, can augment the limitations of individual perspective. Sophocles shows not only the dependence of faith and reason on one another, but the degree to which both are dependent on reciprocal good will within a community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the era's "condition of women" question, Charlotte Brontë's Shirley employs Caroline Helstone's storyline through two frameworks: community and anti-community. Womans community consists of those who identify and nurture her needs and ambitions as an individual within the broader social network; an anti-community discourages female individualism, instead emphasizing restraint and conformity. This perspective offers a useful framework through which to consider the condition-of-women-question, its relation to the angel in the house, and its depiction in Shirley. In addition, it serves to defend the novel against two prominent critical complaints: that Shirley lacks thematic or structural unity, and that its conformist ending contradicts its feminist premise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Justice-making institutions rest on a vast network of rules, people, and artifacts. The federal criminal code of the United States, for example, has hundreds of sections with provisions for robbery and burglary, counterfeit bonds, chemical weapons, riots, expenditures to influence voting, and many others. This complexity can be traced to a handful of biological games played by our foraging ancestors in their small, stateless societies. The overarching theme is conflict. Justice is predicated on actual or possible conflicts of interest. Individual brains include an array of adaptations that were selected for because they regulated conflict in ways that promoted fitness: concepts (e.g., wrongful act , unjust distribution), intuitions (e.g., a wrong deserves a punishment), and emotion systems (e.g., anger), among others. These ancient adaptations appear to form the core of justice institutions in modern societies—a core that is augmented by deliberation and writing systems. This theory of justice institutions can generate distinctive predictions. For example, the logic of justice institutions will echo the logic of their underlying adaptations and thus will be apparent in people's interactions. Further, laypeople will be able to intuitively recreate basic features of justice institutions near and far, past and present—because they have a common human nature with domestic and foreign lawmakers. Here, we review evidence relevant to (i) the criminal justice system and (ii) government redistribution in light of this adaptationist theory. We conclude that adaptationism is a productive framework to elucidate justice institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicologia em Estudo is the property of Universidade Estadual de Maringa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Soziologie is the property of Campus Verlag GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Derecho is the property of Revista Chilena de Derecho and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The social rights of citizenship are conditioned on labor market participation. While quite a lot of research has focused on how, e.g., income and type of employment contract are related to attitudes towards welfare redistribution, less interest has been paid to the effect of being active on the labor at all, or not, for those attitudes. This study uses previously unexplored interview data with some 3,000 married women collected in 1968, at the time when married women entered the labor market in large numbers and the housewife era ended. Theoretically, the study departs from a discussion of self-interest and/or care oriented thinking as possible determinants of attitudes to redistribution. The results show that women who were active on the labor market, with control for other factors, tended to be more positive to redistribution than women in unpaid work. Translated into today's discussion of why women tend to be more positive to redistribution than men, the results can be said to point away from explanations in terms of care-oriented thinking, and rather to factors like, e.g., self-interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates how tourism executives heuristically navigate sustainable tourism paradoxes at a time of unprecedented global change. We do so longitudinally by applying a 'then' and 'now' perspective and structural narrative analysis to in-depth interview data collected in 2014 and again in 2022, posing the same questions to the same 12 world-wide renowned sustainable tourism executives. The research provides an original investigation of the paradox-mindset needed to grapple with complex challenges of carbon-creation in travel, competing stakeholder needs and how to manage growth with finite resources. Findings provide insight into sustainability paradoxes as mindsets vary between rejection, awareness and acceptance. Empathy 'now' replaces elitism 'then'. Respondents reject the myth of sustainability sacrifice, instead acknowledging sustainability as a necessary driver for good business. Further, despite calls for greater ethical praxis, concrete action appears to fade in the face of self-interest and the 'tourism saves' mantra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Written during Oscar Wilde’s imprisonment at Reading Gaol, De Profundis (1897) is to a considerable extent the writer’s retrospective manifesto. In this article, I suggest that Wilde’s definition of Christ as the embodiment of “the supreme romantic type” and “the romantic temperament” testifies to his long-lasting attempt at reconciling artistic and ethical concerns within the tenets of Aestheticism. Wilde first posited an explicit connection between the Romantic temperament and Aestheticism in his lecture on “The English Renaissance of Art” (1882). However, in De Profundis his views on the Romantic temperament give new meaning to his claims on art and morality, on the role of sorrow, and on the importance of pursuing a form of individualism divested of self-interest. Accordingly, Wilde’s last prose writing illuminates his conception of the Romantic spirit from an aesthetic as well as an ethical perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have been viewed as a game changer in the evolving ecosystem of the online learning environment. Despite MOOCs being heralded as an educational paradigm in the higher education landscape, scarcity of academic research capturing the mental map of student perceptions to identify the drivers and outcomes influencing MOOC enrolment has not been extensively studied. To address this gap in the literature, the current study adopted Interactive Qualitative Analysis (IQA) to extract a composite mental model of student perceptions influencing MOOC enrolment. Following the IQA protocol, our study conducted focus group discussions (FGD) to identify affinities and their relationships, and semi-structured interviews to methodically code their experiences while exploring the affinities, using student samples from a Business school in India. Findings of our study indicated that, while students perceived 'Self Interest' and 'Institutional requirement' as the primary drivers for enrolling in MOOCs, 'Employability' and 'Result Demonstrability' emerged as the primary outcomes. Understanding learner perspectives could encourage both academics and course designers to make necessary pedagogical affordances to MOOCs to support learner engagement and retention in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

College cheating is an epidemic that has received considerable attention in the education and psychology literature. The current study examines the relationship between students' self-interest vs. other-interest and their perceptions of different cheating actions. A sample of 350 business students indicated that students scoring higher on self-interest perceived cheating actions as less unethical compared to those scoring higher on otherinterest. Since business students represent future business professionals, it is imperative for instructors to sensitize business students to the pitfalls of self-interest and increase their awareness of other-interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

And hovering, something hummingbirds do with unparalleled grace, requires extremely rapid and energy-intensive wing movement. And no species of bird has used it so extravagantly as the hummingbird. The hummingbird's singular obsession with nectar also gave rise to a dazzling array of color in the hummingbird's plumage. [Extracted from the article]

Large-scale group decision-making (LSGDM) problems involve two processes: a clustering process is first implemented to break down a larger group into several smaller subgroups for simplification purposes, after which a consensus reaching process (CRP) is utilized to eliminate information conflicts among large-scale decision-makers (DMs). Opinion conflicts are inevitable in large DM groups due to self-interest biases and information blind spots. To address these limitations, this study proposes a twofold feedback mechanism to address both non-cooperative behaviors and information hesitation. Firstly, based on detailed review of existing similarity measures, we defined a novel picture fuzzy Chi-square similarity measure (NPFCS) to enhance accuracy. To distinguish subgroups, the second procedure was developed to establish a weight assignment model following the implementation of the developed similarity-based fuzzy clustering algorithm. In the third step, decision opinions are examined from two distinct perspectives: the hesitancy degrees and non-cooperative behaviors, to ensure favorable decision outcomes. Alongside the definition of a hierarchical mechanism for detecting DMs with information blind spots, the identified DMs were mandated to resubmit individual matrices. This measure aims to prevent the aggregation of negative impacts on information credibility caused by the major principle. Furthermore, non-cooperative behaviors were identified at the element level of multi-criteria matrices with corresponding adjustments performed automatically. Next, a real-world site selection problem involving thirty DMs was solved using the proposed method to illustrate its application. Moreover, the results of sensitivity analysis demonstrate that our proposal is robust to changes in model parameters, and several comparisons were conducted from two perspectives, thus confirming the superiority of the proposed approach. • Thispaperdefinesa novelChi-squarepicture fuzzy similaritymeasure. • The weightingassignmentconsidersboth size and cohesion of subgroups. • A consensus methodology respondsto hesitancy degrees and non-cooperative behaviors. • The developed twofold feedback mechanism promotes information modificationprecisely [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of the present study is to identify and understand the objectives and factors that influenced LIS teachers to make academic and research contribution towards the profession in India. It also intended to know the opinions of LIS teachers on their overall academic and research contributions towards the profession. A survey approach was used in this study and structured online questionnaire framed. Response was found that out of 353 respondents, 287 (81 %) responses received. The scope of study was confined to in-service teachers of library and information science in state and central universities of India. A total of 287 respondents, 202 (70.38 %) was male and 85 (29.61) was female. The study found that, the self-interest and professional interest are the major factor responsible for contributing to the LIS field. The self-interest of the LIS teachers has positive direct effect on professional interest and positive indirect effect on overall professional contribution to the LIS field. The professional interest of the LIS teachers has positive direct effect and its positive effect on overall professional contribution to the library and information science profession is statistically significant. It also found that, the overall opinion of LIS teachers on their academic and research contribution towards the profession in India is stating 'adequate'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although millennials seem aware of the need for negotiating, salaries paid to starting employees do not always reflect this. It is much more likely for a job candidate to accept an offer for employment without negotiation than it is for a job candidate to bargain for a higher salary. At one point in time bargaining for a higher salary was commonplace. However, due to unknown circumstances millennials seem to be unwilling to negotiate. Our results show that millennials do not negotiate during times viewed as appropriate and times where negotiating could reap substantial benefit. This raises certain questions as to why that may be. We have looked at numerous articles about the behavior of millennials and their skills in negotiating. The results of these articles showed that millennials may not negotiate due to embarrassment or lack of care, but we also found that millennials can be taught how to negotiate. Our research also shows that millennials tend to do things on impulse or for instant gratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debate over wealth redistribution plays a prominent role in society, but the causes of differences in support for redistribution remain contested. A recent three-person two-situation model suggests these differences are shaped by evolved motivational systems of self-interest, compassion, and dispositional envy. We conducted a close replication testing this prediction, all subjects were British, recruited from an online subject pool. Study 1 (N = 206) confirmed the roles of self-interest (β = 0.20) and compassion for others (β = 0.37), as well as a predicted null effect of procedural fairness. Dispositional envy was non-significant (β = 0.06). In study 2 (N = 304), we tested whether it was better to conceptualize envy as being two separate emotions, benign envy and malicious envy. A significant effect of malicious envy was found (β = 0.13) and no significant effect of benign envy (β = −0.06). Study 3 (N = 501) closely replicated this improved model, confirming significant effects of compassion (β = 0.40), self-interest (β = 0.21), and malicious envy (β = 0.15), accounting for one third of variance in support for redistribution. These results support the role of evolved motivational systems to explain and improve important aspects of contemporary economic redistribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay examines the reality of democracy in the real world and what is taught in some classrooms across the globe. It further addresses the feigned meaning of democracy by those in the elite: The United States Government, CARICUM, and persons in Guyana's high offices. Some of those mentioned elites were perceived to be honest brokers but were instead brokers of deceit. The U.S government along with shadow elite organizations in CARICOM and the OAS facilitated a coupe in Guyana on March 2, 2020. The coup d'état of a democratically elected government in Guyana, will further examine the direct U.S involvement in Venezuela, the self-interest of some, and the control of the media in politics to do harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to be able to observe the principle of equality it must become apparent, first, who is to be treated equally with whom and, second, what the principle means and entails. In response to the first question a moral value such as dignity may be said to be decisive, but such a position is unproductive and obscure. The alternative that is presented here focuses on a characteristic that those who seek to be treated equally themselves share in common: rationality. Two or more beings are invariably considered each other’s equals in regard to a characteristic; this is what basic equality means. Several characteristics are possible candidates; I argue that rationality is a nonrandom characteristic, which is for that reason viable. Rational beings are, then, to treat other rational beings equally, but this is not a moral demand; rather, self-interest is decisive. This provides the basis for formal equality. It is difficult, by contrast, to determine at what point the demands of material equality are met, for ‘material equality’ may be interpreted in various ways, and even if one adheres to a strict interpretation it must be acknowledged that this is compatible with conflicting perspectives, none of which is compelling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cinta de Moebio is the property of Universidad de Chile, Facultad de Ciencas Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The primary motives for redistribution were related to the desire to fight poverty and to help the poorest. Later on, other motives emerged, such as the desire to gain social support and the self-interest of rich people who agree to transfer part of their funds provided this increases their utility. The aim of the study is to present the determinants of willingness to redistribute in a group of Polish students. The case study focuses on sharing behaviour in this group. The survey was conducted among 399 students representing four higher education institutions in Poland. The research, based on a solidarity game, has shown that willingness to share with others depended on gender, the profile of studies and the city of studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The program approach in specialized early learning programs may result in adults focusing too intently on therapeutic treatment reports and disabilities and not on the stories children share through play. Observing, listening, and documenting play scripts can shift adults' focus and make the self of children and their interests visible. Exploring different ways of documenting children's experiences in specialized educational settings was the impetus for this paper. The Living Wall-a form of pedagogical documentation-aligns with Ted Aoki's notion of a "curriculumas-lived-experience" that honours children and gives them a voice through the collection and interpretation of their artwork, dialogue, and imaginative play scripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Soziale Welt is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Zhejiang University. Humanities & Social Sciences / Zhejiang Daxue Xuebao is the property of Zhejiang University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Few concepts have been more pivotal to contract law scholarship over the last forty years than the opportunism attributed ex ante and ex post to contracting parties, yet the lawful form of opportunism identified by Nobel Laureate Oliver Williamson in 1991 remains surprisingly overlooked in favor of the blatant forms of opportunism that result from "self-interest seeking with guile." This Article extends Williamson's inchoate account of lawful opportunism and reports the first empirical study of the phenomenon. The conceptual analysis of lawful opportunism is developed with reference to the bargaining underlying the classic impossibility decision, Taylor v. Caldwell. Three component elements are shown when combined to open "cracks" in contracts that tempt lawful opportunism: (1) the background doctrine of literal enforcement plus (2) a highly consequential disturbance that (3) strikes at the naïveté of the bargain. Because lawful opportunism leverages the legal entitlement to sue for breach of contract, its efficacy presupposes the counterparty's express awareness, which makes the concept categorically different from the blatant forms of opportunism prevalent in the scholarship. This premise grounds the Article's conclusion that the defining character of lawful opportunism is a strong enough sense of entitlement to choose to openly press for damages based on the letter of contract, notwithstanding the potentially punishing consequences to the counterparty of doing so under the circumstances. The empirical study reported in this Article was designed to explore the individual-level factors that motivate participants to resort to lawful opportunism rather than cooperative-or blatantly opportunistic-alternatives. Our findings show, inter alia, that participants who viewed themselves as more entitled (the top 25% of all participants) were three times more likely to choose a lawfully opportunistic behavior in the crack of the contract. Lawful opportunism springs from a sense of entitlement, the way guile fuels blatant opportunism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assumption of the realist theory that survival and self-interest without more are the ultimate goal of each state in international politics and the liberals' viewpoint that international cooperation is in the best interest of a state are as valid and controversial in climate change discourse. Hence, the political choice which Africa should make in the light of increasing adverse effects of climate change, and in particular, amidst the tension of these two theories remains problematic and confounding. Generally, the negative effects of climate change will be prominent in areas including food production, health, water, and infrastructure in Africa. Yet, for long, activities underlying the causation of climate change have thrived in the neo-liberal notion of economic selfdetermination contrived by the North and remarkable for its historic carbon prints world over. Solutions to climate change in the form of carbon trading and carbon tax have been informed by a similar worldview. Following this path connotes that states in Africa must avoid carbon-based activities which are at the heart of economic development critical to peoples' social economic wellbeing. It also means that states in Africa should embrace carbon friendly activities, the technology of which is largely at the domain of the North. The merit of the above direction in the quest of economic development in Africa is disputed. This paper aims not only at exploring how adequately political realism can shape the option of Africa in navigating this controversy, it also discusses the prospects and challenges of a possible 'carbon free economy' in Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This study examines which factors determine how to assess the impact of globalization on self-interests and the national interest in Japan. The factors affecting individuals' opinions about globalization's effect on economic self-interests do not necessarily correspond to those on the national economy. To understand what causes the public to fear or favor globalization, we should take account of which viewpoint to use. We find that English-proficient people and high-income household members are more likely to think positively about globalization regardless of their perspectives. On the contrary, blue-collar and low-wage workers are more likely to worry about the impact of globalization on their job security and consumption. Rural workers and students are also more likely to feel anxiety about the impact of globalization on their employment opportunities. Finally, women are more likely to feel uncertain, particularly about the impact of globalization on their life as a consumer regardless of whether they are working. Highlights • We examine the determinants of individual preferences for globalization. • They vary depending on the perspective of self-interests and the national interest. • English-proficient people and high-income households tend to favor globalization. • Less-skilled workers tend to worry about it in terms of employment and consumption. • Women tend to worry, particularly about its impact of on their life as a consumer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work investigates the role that communal narcissism plays in consumers' pro-environmental decisions. Five studies suggest that while communal narcissists claim that they are pro-environmental, their behaviors do not support such claims. The findings indicate that communal narcissists may see pro-environmental actions as communal means that could potentially serve their agentic, self-directed motives. However, when pro-environmental actions are expected to pose a threat to self-interest, the 'me first' aspect of narcissism plays a more dominant role, resulting in lack of inclinations to engage in pro-environmental actions. This work also provides evidence for two boundary conditions (product public visibility and perceived social benefits) under which communal narcissists may behave more pro-environmentally. Theoretical and practical implications, limitations, as well as directions for future research are also discussed. Highlights • Communal narcissists claim that they are pro-environmental. • Communal narcissists' pro-environmental claims are not reflected in actions. • Self-sacrifice associated with pro-environmental actions explains the incongruence. • Communal narcissists tend to engage in publicly visible pro-environmental actions. • Communal narcissists are also allured by social benefits of pro-environmentalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid spread of ad blockers potentially threatens the sustainability of the hitherto dominant business model of ad-supported websites, in which users get web content free in return for allowing themselves to be exposed to advertising. Focusing on the users’ perspective, this study proposes that (a) adoption of ad blockers is positively influenced by the level of knowledge of their advantageous features; (b) the decision to continue using ad blockers is negatively affected by attitude toward online advertising; and (c) this attitude is positively shaped by perceptions of online advertising’s pleasure, credibility, and economic benefits, as well as negatively shaped by perceptions of online advertising’s intrusiveness and clutter. We tested these relationships in a survey study among the members of an online panel supported by the Spanish advertising industry, and all the relationships were confirmed within a structural equation model. Our findings provide some implications for online advertising stakeholders. Web publishers and online advertisers may expect that, in the coming years, ad blockers will continue to spread rapidly as a consequence of the extension of their knowledge among Internet users. These stakeholders are thus advised to focus on improving Internet users’ experiences with online advertising by reducing those ad characteristics that provoke negative reactions and by strengthening those that are positively evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Critical reflection is understood as a valuable exercise for the creation of new meanings and behaviours. This article argues that if the focus of critical reflection is too concentrated on performance, its strength in the work environment is weakened, in other words, its potential for creating changes diminishes. This is based on an interpretive qualitative study that aims to understand the meaning that critical reflection assumes in the work environment and how it relates to managerial competence regarding professional conduct. Using narratives from the managers of a financial organisation, events involving disorienting workday dilemmas are presented, revealing moments of reflection. The actions set in motion by these reflections, and when these actions became competencies for negotiating conflicts between individual desires and the transformation of their context, are then discussed. Finally, a warning is offered about the risk of weakening the concept of critical reflection in the workplace, as it is sometimes treated merely from the performance point of view in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper scrutinizes the social and legal conditions and effects of the Social Agendas of the European Commission released between October 2014 and April 2017. Using the quantitative and qualitative content analysis, the paper argues that the population free movement and the social integration are formalized within the framework of the Social Agendas 38 to 47 linking the social challenges and the social innovation analysis. The paper also explores the main determinants of the population-human capitalinclusion linkage in the text of ten Social Agendas released between 2014 and 2017 following the related settings of: (i) the social dialogue; (ii) the social governance; (iii) the skills and training encounters; (iv) the European social services and social policies. The results demonstrate that the link between the social interaction and social innovation increases the social integration by recognizing the important role of living and working conditions and the European social framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]