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Rebecca Harding Davis' novella, "Life in the Iron Mills," is a significant work of American industrial fiction that explores the effects of industrial capitalism on moral, social, and environmental decay. The story depicts the harsh living conditions and physical hazards faced by millworkers, emphasizing the ecological rifts caused by industrial production. It also examines the negative impact of industrialization on public health, particularly for the urban poor, racial and ethnic minorities, and immigrants. The novella challenges assumptions about poverty and illness, critiques the prevailing medical model, and calls for a more holistic approach to healthcare that considers the broader socio-economic and environmental factors affecting health. [Extracted from the article]

Significant poverty levels raise critical questions about the impact of poverty eradication programs. Literature reviews play a critical role in highlighting impactful and ineffective socio-economic approaches. This article presents a review of nine qualitative studies that were reported between 2006 and 2013 in poor urban, semi-rural, and rural communities in South Africa. The main goal of this paper is to describe how low-income communities were impacted by programs to reduce poverty. Themes on strength-based interventions, participation, and holistic-multidimensional approaches, emerge from the content analysis as the best account of the impact of community-based poverty eradication programs. Due to the qualitative nature of the small sample of studies under review, a thematic synthesis of the qualitative data provides baseline evidence for further research to assess progress in the provision of development programs, and to generate more insight to strengthen evidence-informed approaches to address persistently high rates of poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rural-urban migration has been such a phenomenon that the migrants expect higher wage rates and more promising job opportunities in urban areas. However, it does not necessarily solve poverty problems since many people in urban areas still live in poverty. For example, some of the Pekanbaru City population - known for its abundant natural resources - are less fortunate and live as parkara-kara (scavengers). As a manifestation of God's presence in the world, the church gives attention to poverty alleviation. Diakonia, as one of the three vocations of the church, provides educational funding assistance to the poor and training to increase their knowledge. Social entrepreneurship is an alternative to solving social problems by improving the economy in demand by social and religious organizations. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach. In-depth interviews with informants became a source of research data, and documents became data to support interview data. This study aims to reveal the church's ministry as an effort to alleviate poverty in the congregation. The study results show that the church has become a social entrepreneur, helping the poor through educational funding. In addition, the church also provides training to increase the congregation's knowledge so they can have their own business. The church becomes a social entrepreneur and forms a congregation to become a social entrepreneur, which is an important finding in this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes the vulnerability of poor women when confronted with the shock of a social disaster in the form of the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite increasing vulnerabilities, poor women managed the uncertain situation by utilizing their survival skills. This study was conducted in the middle of 2020 in 22 districts of East Java Province with 457 married women from low-income families serving as respondents. Data were descriptively analyzed and presented in the form of diagrams and narratives. According to the findings of this study, women's vulnerability in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by a decrease in family income and an imbalance in the domestic roles of men and women at home. Using resilience theory, this study explores how women's adaptability can help them survive in an uncertain situation. However, it was inappropriate for the government to leave these women in a subsistence economic situation; the government did not adequately support poor women through targeted and equitable social assistance programs. Following this social disaster, the role of well-targeted social assistance needs to be addressed to promote gender equality and contribute to the 2030 goals of the MDGs, which include poverty alleviation and the eradication of inequality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Treaties & Documents / Razprave in Gradivo is the property of Institut za Narodnostna Vprasanja and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research work investigates the relationship between income inequality, poverty reduction strategies, and the Lorenz curve in India from 2015 to 2023, with forecasts extending to 2030. Data from the World Bank reveals positive trends in per capita expenditure and a declining population growth rate. The analysis employs the Lorenz curve to visualize income distribution. While the Gini coefficient remained high at 3.70 in the period, income inequality appears to have stabilized since the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, future projections suggest a remarkable decrease in inequality towards 2030, with the Lorenz curve positioned above the line of equality. This, coupled with rising per capita income and a shrinking population, paints a promising picture towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (eradication of poverty). Regression analysis further strengthens these findings, demonstrating a statistically significant association between per capita income growth and poverty reduction. These results suggest that India's poverty reduction strategies are yielding positive outcomes, but continued policy interventions and investments in social programs are crucial for sustained progress towards a more equitable and prosperous future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempted to explore the potential of sustainable oil palm development in South Halmahera in line with the government policies reflected in the certification scheme including the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO). This study used structural equation modelling (SEM) with partial least squares (PLS). Government, academia, a village headman, a non-government organisation and a company officer were involved in data collection. The study was carried out in 2021-2022. The results showed that the stakeholder and the company had similar social, economic, environmental and legal development priorities. Both focused on health, food security, poverty alleviation, education, gender, income, economic impact, and infrastructure. Also, both prioritised efficient natural resource use and eco-friendly technology. The stakeholders emphasised the significance of environmental conservation in achieving sustainability. On the other hand, the company prioritised addressing climate change. The findings also offered two paths to achieve sustainability based on the perspectives of the stakeholder and the company. Surprisingly, both agreed that the environment development pillar of the SDGs plays a pivotal role in attaining ISPO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In response to the growing number of people requiring access to higher education, the student numbers at distance education institutions grew significantly over the last decade (Unisa 2013; 2020). Unfortunately, many students who enrol at open distance learning institutions are not ready for the demands of distance e-learning. More than half of students enrolled at the open distance learning institution where this study was done drop out and the reasons have been well researched (Joubert and Snyman 2018; Mashile, Fynn, and Matoane 2020). It seems that universities' responses to Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4.3 - equal access to technical, vocational and higher education) (Unesco 2021) may unintentionally have created new vulnerabilities for the very group of people they have targeted for progress to end poverty, hunger and discrimination. As nearly a third of all students in South Africa are enrolled at Africa's largest open distance learning institution (Unisa 2018), it becomes crucial not only to increase access, but simultaneously to prioritise student retention and academic performance. This raises the question: How can and should lecturers teaching at distance-education institutions optimise the online teaching and learning environment in order to bridge the gap between access targets and academic performance targets? Following an autoethnographic research design, I share my own experiences of teaching two year-modules of the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed) Foundation Phase programme offered via a continuous assessment (CA) approach. Two theoretical frameworks, namely the socio-critical model of Subotzky and Prinsloo (2011, 184), and Luna's (2018) theory of layers of vulnerability guided my understanding of the challenges associated with distance learning as well as my research design. My study reveals that the promise of CA does not always convert to optimal performance, and that contextual factors in distance education have a powerful impact on academic achievement despite the effort made by lecturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade liberalisation has been promoted by various international institutions such as WTO, IMF d World Bank on the presumption that openness to trade will contribute to economic growth and development which would lead to an increase in domestic income, reduction in poverty and improvement in food security. The paper seeks to examine empirically the effect of trade liberalisation on food price volatility using monthly price indices time series data of food and beverages for the period from 2013-2022.The food price volatility is estimated using ARCH and GARCH models. The estimated results of AR (1) indicate that the coefficients of beverages, cereal, oil, preparatory food, pulse, and spices are significant and the coefficient of egg, fruit, meat, milk, sugar and vegetables are statistically insignificant. While the GARCH model shows the presence of long-term persistence in volatility in cereal, fruit, oil, pulse, sugar and vegetables whereas beverages, egg, meat, milk, preparatory food and spices show insignificant results. The outcomes fail to support the view that long term effect of trade liberalisation on food prices of cereal, fruit, oil, pulse, sugar and vegetable items is favourable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper, using unit level data available in the 69th and the 76th NSSO rounds, examines access to bare necessities of life and the incidence of poverty among slum households in selected states of India. The results show that while around three-fifths of the slum households in India and in selected states with the exception of Karnataka are monetarily non poor, they are poor in terms of their deprivation score in access to bare necessities of life. The results also show that among five different dimensions of bare necessities of life, access of these households to water, sanitation and housing is particularly low. The insights from the experiences of poverty and deprivation among the slum dwellers call for targeted interventions to ensure inclusive development and hence enhance their overall well-being and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study aims to investigate the effect of government expenditure on the poverty rate and detect the moderating role of the unemployment rate in the functional relationship between the two variables. Using a panel data set of 24 provinces in Indonesia during 2005-2018, we use the dynamic model of the Generalized Methods of Moment to estimate the functional relationships. Our findings discovered that government expenditure on goods, services, and capital significantly reduces poverty. Conversely, grant and social aid expenditures have a positive and significant effect. The unemployment rate substantially increases the poverty rate and moderates the impact of the three types of public spending on the poverty rate. The higher the unemployment rate, the smaller the poverty reduction effect of government expenditure. These findings imply that the government budgetary allocation for a particular spending component should consider the unemployment rate as the primary consideration. It is due to the effectiveness of each expenditure group in reducing poverty differing at the various levels of the unemployment rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas: Investigacion y Reflexion is the property of Revista Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Politica y Sociedad is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tourism development is often used as a strategy to fight poverty, but in the tourism literature it remains controversial as a tool for poverty alleviation in a poor region. This study adopts a multidimensional framework to measure regional poverty. Specifically, we examine four dimensions, including economics, education, social security, and medical service, to reflect poverty alleviation for a region. Then we establish econometric models to explore the link between tourism and poverty alleviation. The result shows that tourism development has a positive influence on multidimensional poverty alleviation in 73 counties in Guizhou province, a typically poor region in China. The consideration of the multidimensional nature of poverty in this study is more convictive to conclude that tourism can reduce poverty. This study further demonstrates that political pressure, indicated by the time period near the end of the fight-against-poverty campaign and by whether a county has red-culture heritages, affects tourism-led poverty alleviation in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tourism has become a vital socioeconomic activity in Colombia, and provincial tourist destinations and events have contributed to the reduction of poverty levels since the implementation of the Millennium Development Goals. We assess the dynamic linkages between Colombia's tourism and various economic sectors for poverty reduction at the provincial level using a novel binary probit model. A longitudinal dataset is employed by utilizing generalized estimation equations for 24 provinces over the period 2002 to 2016. Tourism's effects on poverty and extreme poverty are modeled with several contributing factors, including the level of provincial development along with several economic sectors and tourism's value-added impacts. Findings show that increases in the value added of tourism lead to significant reductions in both poverty and extreme poverty at the provincial level. Also, growth in the value added of the tourism sector leads to reductions in poverty and extreme poverty gaps between economically lagging and leading provinces. Results for other sectors emphasize the importance of manufacturing and other services sectors for poverty reduction. These results provide important policy implications for stimulating tourism's value added to reduce the monetary poverty gap between lagging and leading provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper provides a rationale and historical review of higher vocational education (HVE) globally and in China. The expansion of HVE is driven by dominant themes in policy, such as the encouragement of academics' societal engagement (ASE) for economic development and the need to address social problems like youth unemployment and poverty. The paper examines the development of HVE in China, which has faced challenges related to the degree of connection with high school curriculum and social stigma. The government has implemented the policies to elevate the social status and acceptance of HVE, enhancing its quality and relevance, and reinforcing its governance and management structures. Method: The paper also analyses the prominent research directions and development trends of HVE in China from 2000 to 2023, using the VOS viewer mapping tool and Web of Science. Findings: The result shows that key words like "study," "student," "education," and "vocational college," indicate key themes and focal points in the discourse. In addition, the terms "quality" and "management" being prominent in the analysis reveal concerns for maintaining and improving the quality of higher vocational education. In this way, understanding the mediating effects of "management" can provide possible solutions. While desk-based reviews using VOS viewer as an analysis tool offer valuable insights, they may lack the depth of contextual understanding that can be gained through qualitative analysis. Future Research: This paper calls for future study in the management of faculty deans in HVE institutions and the mediating effect of teachers on improving general teaching quality and student achievement, with an aim of improving the international standards of the vocational education and offering a significant intuition on the development of HVE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusive development is a boarder concept than inclusive growth for the poor and vulnerable as it goes beyond growth and includes wellbeing. In this lecture, we examined performance, challenges and policies in three inter-related components of inclusive development in India: (a) agriculture development and achieving zero hunger; (b) reduction in poverty and inequalities and; (c) human development. India is now aspiring to achieve the status of a developed nation by2047, atthe 100[sup th] anniversary of independence. GDP growth is important but it has to be inclusive and sustainable to benefit all sections of the society. Agricultural transformation needs a change in the narrative in the new context of food systems approach, climate change and nutrition. There are significant challenges to achieving zero hunger. Nutrition is determined by several factors and needs a multi-sectoral approach. Inequalities in income, and wealth, across social groups and regions should reduce considerably in the next 25 years by strengthening policies on employment and human development. Employment creation with quality should be at the heart of the strategy for reducing inequalities. More investments in education and health are required to achieve higher human development. One sector that can transform India is education. We have a great quality dichotomy in the education sector. One has to fix this dichotomy in education and skills. But human development goes beyond health and education and should enhance freedom of choice for people. The Tax/GDP ratio has to be improved in order to raise resources for physical infrastructure and social sector development. Non-economic factors like norms, culture and beliefs can also influence the level of inclusion/exclusion. Constitution and democratic values have to be followed. Judicial, police and civil service reforms are important for both growth and inclusion. The role of states in this journey is equally crucial if India wants to be a developed country and achieve inclusive development by 2047. Women empowerment including an increase in the work participation rates of women will contribute immensely to growth and equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world in the 21st century confronts numerous challenges of sluggish post COVID-19 recovery, disruption in supply chains in the wake of the Russia-Ukraine conflict, steep rise in the prices of food and fuel, accelerating climate change and rising social unrest. The unprecedented decline in the value of the Human Development Index for two consecutive years in 2021 and 2022 in a large number of countries, along with the halting and even reversal of progress on poverty reduction and other priorities of the Sustainable Development Goals 2030 agenda, demonstrates the deep adverse impact that the crises have had on people's lives. This situation of a poly-crisis, or entangled crises in multiple global systems, deeply undermines human flourishing. This paper examines the nature of the poly-crisis and discusses its identified drivers in terms of (a)inequality, (b)climate change, Anthropocene and overshoot, (c) increasing complexity, and (d) hyperglobalization and uniformity. It deals with the conundrums facing development policy in terms of (a) managing uncertainty, (b) managing national and global goals, and (c) balancing short-term and long-term goals. The paper suggests a four-fold strategy focusing on the four 'R's, viz, Recovery, Resilience, Responsiveness, and Responsibility to cope with the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes the impact of formal education on poverty reduction in Nigeria by studying the relationship between government expenditure on education, school enrolment, and labour force participation. It uses 30 years of annual time series data and employs various statistical methods, such as OLS regression, ADF test, Philip Peron unit root test, F-tests, and t-tests. Labour force participation serves as a proxy to understand how these macroeconomic variables affect poverty. The findings reveal that both school enrolment and government expenditure on education significantly affect labour force participation. Specifically, enrolment in secondary and tertiary education positively correlates with increased labour force participation. To enhance poverty reduction in Nigeria, the study proposes improving the effectiveness of government expenditure, enhancing access to quality secondary and tertiary education, fostering collaboration between education and businesses, and emphasizing vocational and technical education aligned with the labour market's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty is one of the world's greatest economic and social problems of all time. Therefore, sustainable solutions to reduce it are essential to increase the well-being of individuals and society. In this paper, the various causes of poverty, such as social and economic inequalities, limited access to education and health, will be analysed. After an introduction, the concept of sustainable development will be presented, underlying the virtues, as well as limits of it. There will be explored sustainable solutions for poverty reduction, which focus on sustainable development and the promotion of social and economic inclusion. Such solutions could be the creation of jobs and investment in the agricultural sector, the development of infrastructure and public services, the promotion of access to education and health services, and support for local communities and the social and solidarity economy. To validate these findings, qualitative methodology based on content analysis of sustainable development literature will allow to identify and evaluate good practices in sustainable development and poverty reduction. Therefore, it will be possible to show that sustainable solutions for poverty reduction are not only feasible but also effective in terms of social and economic impact. The paper will end with conclusions, arguing that sustainable solutions to poverty reduction are the key to increasing the well-being of individuals and society, and showing that interconnectivity, when considered in a sustainable approach, can improve the benefits for economic and social life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existing literature indicates that poverty-stricken regions often exhibit characteristics such as poor resource endowment and weak environmental carrying capacity, which can lead to excessive exploitation of natural resources and degradation of the ecological environment in pursuit of economic development. However, previous research has primarily focused on the economic benefits of development in impoverished areas, overlooking the importance of ecosystem services. This study aims to fill this research gap by examining the impact of China's Poverty Alleviation Policy on ecosystem service values in 51 impoverished counties from 2011 to 2019. Our analysis reveals that the Poverty Alleviation Policy effectively enhances ecosystem service values in poverty-stricken areas, and the fiscal pressure faced by local governments significantly influences the policy's effectiveness in boosting ecosystem service values. Notably, we also find that environmental management policies demonstrate a greater capacity to enhance ecosystem service values in poverty-stricken regions compared to industrial development-led poverty-reduction policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The low market participation of pastoral livestock producers is a challenge to the development of a climate-resilient economy in drought-prone areas. Without deliberate and well-designed efforts to transform livestock production into a thriving profit-oriented commercial business, the development of pastoral societies will remain far-fetched. By applying bivariate selection model and dose-response function to a case study of 357 pastoral households in Ethiopia, this study examines pastoralists' participation in goat markets and the impact of participation on per capita income, poverty headcount, and poverty gap. Our results show that the propensity and intensity of participation of pastoralists in goat marketing were influenced by flock size, transaction costs (TC), and access to veterinary services. An important finding in this study is that pastoralists are willing to pay for marketing services up to 97 % of the total variable TC, indicating the financial feasibility of public investment in the development of market infrastructure through cost recovery schemes. The results also reveal that participation in goat marketing has a positive impact on per capita income, poverty headcount, and poverty gap. These findings shed some light on more practical strategies for poverty reduction among pastoralists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the pension effect on poverty reduction in rural China, considering the influences of potential substitution income, including earned and transfer income from older adults and children, respectively. The study created a counterfactual group to impute potential substitution income from the income distribution perspective. We find that when substitution income is not considered, pension effect on poverty reduction may be overestimated. Comparing the two types of substitution income, earned income is found to have a larger effect than that of transfer income from children, and it is significantly more for the middle- and high-income groups. The substitution relationship between pensions and earned income has increased in China in recent years. • To investigate the pension effects on poverty reduction. • To investigate the pension effects on income distribution. • Develop a method to calculate the imputed substitution income. • Pension effect may be overestimated when not considering substitution income. • The effect of earned income is larger than that of the transfer income in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the utilization of Bolsa Família, a Brazilian social program aimed at reducing poverty and social inequalities, for electoral purposes. The literature demonstrates that politicians often employ social programs to achieve their political and personal goals. Most of these studies focus on politicians offering benefits from social programs before elections in an attempt to capture votes in the upcoming election. In contrast, our research reveals that social programs can be used as post-election rewards for their voters. This strategy has the potential to be much more effective than the previous one, as it directs rewards only to those who actually produce favorable outcomes for politicians. We employ differences-in-differences models in our tests. Our results indicate that cities electing a ruling party candidate in the 2012 mayoral elections, where the previous mayor is not affiliated with that party, receive more benefits than cities that do not elect ruling party candidates. Similarly, cities with higher percentages of votes in favor of the ruling party in the 2006 presidential elections receive more benefits than cities with lower percentages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the concept of multidimensional poverty and the role of microcredit provided by NGOs in fighting poverty. The author highlights the lack of in-depth studies in this area due to the complexity of analyzing data on various dimensions of poverty at the household level. The book under review, written by Professor R.R. Biradar, focuses on the capacity of NGOs, particularly self-help groups (SHGs), to provide access to education, housing, electricity, and sanitation to the poor. The book presents findings from a comparative study of four NGOs in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, examining the impact of microcredit on employment, income, and poverty levels. The study also explores the non-economic and indirect impacts of microcredit on beneficiaries. The book includes an extensive review of important works on poverty and offers policy suggestions to address multidimensional poverty effectively. Overall, the book provides valuable insights for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners working in the field of poverty alleviation. [Extracted from the article]

This paper presents the findings on the intervention strategies undertaken by the Eastern Cape Provincial Government regarding the challenge of poverty. The paper begins by discussing the poverty situation in the Eastern Cape. It further deliberates on the poverty alleviation initiatives that have been undertaken so far, as well as the lessons learned, and presents the identified gaps. In a wider context, the South African government has been engaged in poverty alleviation immediately after the first democratic elections, attempting to deal with the challenges posed by apartheid in those parts of society where the rates of poverty were extremely high, with resulting high unemployment rates, illiteracy, and underdevelopment, particularly in the former black-only demarcated areas. The study used document analysis and the purposive sampling method. If the current intervention strategies could be implemented effectively, most poor households in the Eastern Cape Province would be free from poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corporate social responsibility has received increasing attention in recent decades. In this paper, we investigate how corporate involvement in poverty alleviation affects investment efficiency. Based on the context of China, we find that involvement in targeted poverty alleviation improves enterprises' investment efficiency through two channels: 1) resource effect, which alleviates enterprises' underinvestment by obtaining strategic resources, and 2) governance effect, which reduces enterprises' agency conflict and reduces enterprises' overinvestment and underinvestment. This study enriches our understanding of the determinants of corporate investment efficiency and the economic consequences of targeted poverty alleviation. In addition, our findings also provide policy implications for both regulators to encourage enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities and promote their high-quality development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study explores the effect of education poverty alleviation policy under the precise poverty alleviation model, aiming to provide decision-making suggestions for relative poverty governance and risk prevention of returning to poverty. Design/Methodology/Approach: Using the methods of investigation, statistical analysis and institutional analysis, this paper explores the effect and optimization path of educational poverty alleviation in Youyang County, Chongqing. Findings: Rural poor households primarily benefit from government policies on education, as well as subsidies and allowances for students, in their efforts to alleviate educational poverty. However, these households may lack awareness of their own potential for skills training and employment conversion. Additionally, satisfaction with educational poverty alleviation efforts varies among rural households with differing income sources, education levels, and types of poverty. The most desired improvements in educational poverty alleviation among rural poor households include enhancing teaching quality, increasing educational awareness, reducing educational costs, and promoting compulsory education. Conclusion: From the perspective of poor households' perception, this paper systematically reveals the performance characteristics and needs identification of educational poverty alleviation, and then puts forward policy suggestions for optimizing the performance of educational poverty alleviation. Research Limitations/Implications: Due to time and funding constraints, the number of research samples for this paper needs to be increased to improve the universality of the research conclusions. Practical Implications: The research findings can provide theoretical and practical references for exploring education to block the inter-generational transmission of poverty and scientifically designing educational poverty alleviation policies. Contribution to Literature: It enriches and expands the evaluation perspective, index system, and optimization path of the effect of education poverty alleviation policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides being known for its natural tourist destinations and beautiful beaches, Lombok Island in Indonesia is also known for its abundant marine and fishery potential, which can be used as development vehicles for the island's people. However, its richness in marine resources does not contribute significantly to its people's living standards and economic development. This research aims to investigate the practice of the Blue Economy in a marine wealth region. While many disciplines touch upon the concept of a Blue Economy, little research has examined the ocean-poverty connection in Lombok Island. This article argues that the potential of Lombok's Blue Economy has not alleviated poverty since the local condition does not support a tendency against romanticizing the notion of Blue Economy as a global developmental platform. The substantial marine potential of the island cannot provide maximum benefit for the people's welfare due to multiple factors, including financial, human resources, infrastructure, and the government's goodwill. The significance of this research presents empirical evidence of a missing link in the ocean-poverty nexus. This research examines five drivers of the Blue Economy on the island: pearl, seaweed, fisheries, mangrove, and marine tourism. We maintain a paradox of plenty on the island since the potential from these drivers is immense to address the poverty in Lombok, yet the progress seems idle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at applying the improved You Only Look Once V5s model for the assessment of regional poverty using remote sensing image target detection. The model was improved from structure, algorithm, and components. Objects in the remote sensing images were used to identify poverty, and the poverty alleviation situation could be predicted according to the existing detection results. The results showed that the values of Precision, Recall, mean Average Precision (mAP)@0.5, and mAP@0.5:0.95 of the model increased 7.3%, 0.7%, 1%, and 7.2%, respectively on the Common Objects in Context data set in the detection stage; the four values increased 3.1%, 2.2%, 1.3%, and 5.7%, respectively on the custom remote sensing image data set in the verification stage. The loss values decreased 2.6% and 37.4%, respectively, on the two data sets. Hence, the application of the improved model led to the more accurate detection of the targets. Compared with the other papers, the improved model in this paper proved to be better. Artificial poverty alleviation can be replaced by remote sensing image processing because it is inexpensive, efficient, accurate, objective, does not require data, and has the same evaluation effect. The proposed model can be considered as a promising approach in the assessment of regional poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper is to study the role and impact of Remittances in supporting the economy of Kosovo. The study presents a detailed examination of the role of remittances as a source of financial support, as a complementary source of internal Investments, as well as the impact of remittances on the microeconomy and macroeconomy. The study also focused on immigrants' investments channel the funds into productive activities for generating income or increasing employment, the characteristics of Kosovar emigration, the assessment of the size, the geographical extent, the socio-economic aspect of Kosovar emigrants and the identification of the driving factors for migration abroad, assessing the potential of remittances and finding opportunities for their orientation in function of the country's development, identification of driving and stimulating factors for maximizing shipments and channeling them from non-productive consumption to investments in the development of productive business in the country, review of experiences in other countries regarding the use and management of remittances as a factor of economic development, etc, creation of appropriate policies regarding immigration, incentives for investments, reduction of fees for the transfer of remittances and providing ongoing administrative support and other facilities. Based on the analyzes that were conducted during the work, we discover the effects and impacts of remittances on the well-being of recipients such as: improving their lives, poverty alleviation, employment growth, raising the educational level and improvement in health condition. Through the implementation of such policies, the diaspora could contribute more efficiently to raising human and financial capital, to economic growth and to the creation of new jobs in Kosovo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bed and breakfast (B&B) tourism stimulates the economic development of underdeveloped areas. However, although Taitung is a renowned B&B hotspot, it is the poorest area in Taiwan. This phenomenon has prompted studies on the contribution of B&B tourism to counties. Previous literature related to B&B tourism has the lack of non-economic measures typically results in contradictory phenomena. In addition, most studies have been empirical and have incorporated expert opinions, which are susceptible to human semantical uncertainty and incomplete expression. To overcome these limitations, a framework based on human-land interactions focused on cultural landscape, locality, and regional revitalization was constructed in present study. An advanced decision method, Z-DEMATEL, in which Z-numbers and decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) are combined, was applied. The expression confidence and consistency were evaluated through information integration using exclusive sematic, confidence, and perception scales. Subsequently, the DEMATEL was used to analyze the internetwork relations between Dimensions/Criteria. In the overall dimensions, the locality was a nexus of interrelations, while the cultural landscape was a cause. In each dimension, such nexus and cause-starter were identified using specific criteria. The findings were synthesized as improvement plans for easy indexing. Therefore, the results can improve poverty alleviation through B&B tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article contributes to the civic identity development literature by exploring how a scholarship program emphasizing entrepreneurship and economic revitalization can facilitate engagement across difference in pursuit of shared anti-poverty commitments. Drawing on theories of entrepreneurial action, civic identity development literature, and a mixed methods approach, we propose a framework for how students conceptualize identity, race, and poverty as entrepreneurs of connection. The role of uncertainty is central to entrepreneurial action and a hallmark of community engagement. Combining an inquiry into their own sense of identity in relationship to their peers and community partners, students contribute to the development of the entrepreneurial ecosystem by making connections at the interpersonal, organizational, and systems levels. Students merge an understanding of their personal identities and situational context to build trust with diverse peers and community partners. Entrepreneurs of connection take action with community partners to pursue innovative solutions with a focus on social change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Driving economic development at the bottom of the pyramid (BOP) is an enduring global challenge. While the market-based approach places hope on entrepreneurship as a major impetus to drive the underdeveloped economy, the performance of entrepreneurial businesses and their impact on poverty reduction are sometimes below expectations. This paper seeks to examine the factors that may be hindering entrepreneurship within the BOP context. This paper presents preliminary answers and provides research suggestions related to this question. Design/methodology/approach: In order to identify the reasons behind the underperformance of entrepreneurship at the BOP, a comprehensive literature review was conducted to see what is already known about this puzzle. Findings: By reviewing extant literature, four clusters of factors were found to shape entrepreneurial activities at BOP: (1) Individual-level factors may be restraining entrepreneurial activities within BOP context, (2) gender inequality at BOP is hindering female entrepreneurship, (3) insufficient institutional support is holding back entrepreneurial activities in BOP and (4) business development initiatives are making multi-faceted impacts on entrepreneurial activities in BOP. Originality/value: This paper contributes to theory in that it is the first comprehensive review of literature on constraints of entrepreneurship in the context of BOP. In investigating influential factors of entrepreneurial success in the BOP context, the authors recognize four major influential forces that are shaping entrepreneurial processes at the bottom of the pyramid and further propose three directions of future research that are worthy for further exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Notwithstanding, even after 75 years of independence adequate housing for all is an elusive dream for India. In 2011 India had 18.16 million homeless residents and 37 per cent of households lived in semi-permanent and temporary houses (Census of India, 2011). The condition of rural housing is worse and a thing to worry about. In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the condition of rural housing in India. The study concerned State wise rural-urban variation in the level of housing deprivation and its relationship with the socio-economic disparity. The database of this study is secondary, procured and compiled from the house listing and housing datasets of the Census of India (2011). The methodology of this study is mainly categorized into two segments-firstly, the identification of relevant housing and socio-economic deprivation variables. Secondly, to get fruitful analysis authors apply appropriate statistical techniques. Analysis revealed that wide state-level variations exist in access to basic amenities, specifically, drinking water, toilet facilities and electricity. There are prevalent disproportions across states in terms of housing deprivation. This deprivation is an all-prevalent phenomenon in rural areas. The Social and economic background of the households namely poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, caste identity are the main factors of rural housing deprivation. The result of this study argues urban favouritism in the provision of amenities over rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The converging focus of almost all the writings of Professor R. Radhakrishna was poverty, inequality and well-being. Starting with his basic econometric work of joint estimation of the complete demand system, Radhakrishna went on to study the differences in rural-urban consumer behavior, the effect of food grain price rise, sectoral biases in wage goods inflation, etc. Post-green revolution commercialization of agriculture led to reduced availability of self--produced grain and decline in serial consumption of the poor. The burden of price fell more heavily on the poor. Urban poor suffered more. The problem of poverty could not be solved within agriculture. Agricultural growth itself could not improve income distribution. Poverty alleviation programs should go beyond providing necessary food. Investment in education and skilling would produce more sustainable results. Malnutrition was even a bigger problem. Half of the pre-school children and close to half of adults suffered from chronic energy deficiency (malnutrition). The Planning Commission supply model failed to improve the income distribution. The higher growth in the post-reform period further aggravated interstate, inter rural-urban and also intra-urban and intra-rural disparity. India fared badly among the countries in respect of well-being index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural insurance and agricultural credit are two important rural financial instruments, which play an important role in promoting rural poverty reduction. Based on the data of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in 31 provinces, cities and autonomous regions in China, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit and its differences in various regions in China by using the coupling coordination model and the static panel model. The results show that the development level of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China is low, and the development level of agricultural credit is higher than that of agricultural insurance. There is a coordinated development relationship between agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China, and the coupling and coordination level of the two is constantly improving. The coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit and its regional differences in China are remarkable. This effect is more significant in South China, North China, northwest and Northeast China than in other regions. Based on this, it is suggested to vigorously develop agricultural insurance to improve the coupling and coordination level of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit. Create a good environment for promoting the coordinated development of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit. Pay attention to the regional differences of the coordinated poverty reduction effect of agricultural insurance and agricultural credit in China, and each region should choose its own development model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with absolute poverty, relative poverty is more concerned about social equity. Network poverty alleviation is one of the effective ways to bridge the urban–rural digital divide and solve relative poverty problem. Existing studies have confirmed the positive role of Internet use on the alleviation of relative poverty among farmers, but there is much less study analyze the differences in the influence of Internet use on the relative poverty among farmers with different income structure. In this study, we use the data from China Family Panel Studies and use the Probit model for benchmark regression to study the influence of Internet use on rural household relative poverty. Also, we use the redefinition of core variables to conduct robustness tests and use instrumental variables to deal with endogenous issues. The empirical results show that Internet use significantly reduces the probability of farmers falling into relative poverty, and Internet use has a better effect on poverty reduction for full-time farmers than part-time farmers and non-farmers. Further the analysis of the impact mechanism finds that Internet use could impact the relative poverty of rural households through its effects on their information channels, human capital and social capital. Then, we analyze the differences in the impact mechanisms of Internet use on different types of farmers and find that the mediating effect of information channel was not significant for full-time farmers; while for part-time farmers, enhancing human capital play a more important role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solar photovoltaic poverty alleviation projects (PPAPs) have flourished with great achievements in China since 2013. However, the degree to which these PPAPs contribute to the sustainable livelihoods and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. By using the partial least squares-structural equation modeling and multi-group comparative analysis, this study has explored the poverty reduction mechanism of China's PPAPs from the perspective of sustainable livelihood of rural low-income families, taking 1112 rural households in China's 9 counties as the research subject. Results demonstrate that PPAPs perform best in promoting rural livelihood diversification. The PV projects actually provide the service of searching out a personal potential and assist in achieving their economic goal. The parallel mediating effects of livelihood assets, endogenous impetus and livelihood strategies between PPAPs and livelihood outcomes are significant. The poor's livelihood resources are catalysts for the performance of interventions. Further, for those families of the non-agricultural type, and for those with high energy saving habits, good education and young age, PPAPs can be more effective in reducing poverty and improving quality of life and overall income; while the influence of PPAPs on livelihood capital and thought impetus is relatively more significant for those families with greater PV knowledge and project cognition, reflecting the poverty reduction pathways of PPAPs show heterogeneity. • Build a framework for solar PV Projects (PPAPs) and sustainable livelihoods • PPAPs perform best in promoting rural livelihood diversification. • PV projects actually provide the service of searching out a personal potential. • The poor's livelihood resources are catalysts for the performance of interventions. • The anti-poverty paths of PPAPs have the heterogeneity of peasant household. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Logos: A Journal, of Religion, Philosophy Comparative Cultural Studies & Art (08687692) is the property of Logos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The adverse effects of the opening of the economy during the 1980s and 1990s in Latin America brought about a debate about the reform of the welfare state. However, the path to follow is still uncertain. This scenario has forced the emergence of socio-technological innovations to tackle problems such as socioeconomic inequality and technological unemployment which neither the market nor the state have been able to solve. The aim of this paper is to review the way in which the Mexican welfare state has impeded the alleviation of poverty and technological unemployment making, in consequence, the creation of an enabling technology-based social innovation environment a priority. For that purpose we carried out a documentary analysis as part of a broader research study which assesses empirically the role of the Mexican state in creating a technology-based social innovation environment as a way to alleviate social illness such as poverty and technological unemployment. We conclude that empirical approaches to the links between social innovation, the labor market and poverty are indispensable to advancing the discussion about the design of the provision of welfare in the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Económica is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It has been recognized that China's targeted poverty alleviation policy can greatly improve the economic development of rural areas, but whether it can improve rural resilience for sustainable development has been less studied. Based on anatomising the connotation of rural economic resilience and proposing theoretical framework for the influence of policies, this study empirically analyses the implication of poverty alleviation policies on rural economic resilience using regression analysis techniques, based on field survey data from 338 villages in Lankao County, China. It is shown that rural economic resilience is connected with their resistance, adaptation, and transformation capabilities, and China's targeted poverty alleviation policies have significantly improved the economic resilience of villages because of the government's efforts to upgrade production factors, optimise the economic structure and expand rural functions have awakened the impetus of endogenous development in rural areas. Compared with resistance and transformability, poverty alleviation policies have a greater positive impact on the adaptability of rural economies. The explanatory power of poverty alleviation policies on the rural economic resilience of Lankao County shows obvious spatial differentiation. The effectiveness of poverty alleviation policies was more prominent in the southeast, where poverty was worse. The recommendations proposed based on these results can provide an important reference for promoting rural economic resilience and sustainable development in developing countries. • Rural economic resilience is a combination of resistance, adaptability and transformability. • China's targeted poverty alleviation policy has improved the village's economic resilience. • The explanatory power of poverty alleviation policies on rural economic resilience of Lankao County shows obvious spatial differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poverty alleviation through relocation (PAR) is a milestone project in winning the battle against extreme poverty and aims to relocate poor people from inhospitable areas and lift them out of poverty. The effect of PAR on poor households merits evaluation as it is also the basis for understanding the achievements of targeted poverty alleviation and preventing a large-scale return to poverty. This study analyzed the effect of PAR on poor households from the perspectives of income and multidimensional poverty, based on panel data of 1009 poor households from eight provinces in China. The results showed that the incidence of multidimensional poverty in poor households exceeded that of income poverty, and its decline was faster than that of income poverty. However, the overlap between multidimensional poverty and income poverty was low, at 26.3%, 4.9%, and 0% in 2016, 2018, and 2020, respectively. PAR showed a significantly negative effect on poor households' income and multidimensional poverty, and the longer the relocation time, the more significant the effect. PAR reduced the income poverty of poor households mainly by increasing their wage income and property income, and multidimensional poverty mainly by improving their living standards. The impact of PAR on income and multidimensional poverty is regional heterogeneous. Post-relocation measures should improve the income and capability of poor households through industrial development, employment assistance, infrastructure upgrades, and public service improvements. In addition, the income and multidimensional poverty standards should be jointly adopted in the governance of relative poverty. • This study assessed the impact of poverty alleviation through relocation on income and multidimensional poverty. • The overlap between multidimensional poverty and income poverty of poor households was low. • Poverty alleviation through relocation had a significantly negative impact on income and multidimensional poverty. • Poverty alleviation through relocation reduced the income poverty mainly by increasing wage income and property income. • Poverty alleviation through relocation reduced the multidimensional poverty mainly by improving living standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Contaduría y Administración is the property of Facultad de Contaduria y Administracion-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Poverty reduction belongs to the long-term priorities of public policy actions in most countries. In 2010, the European Union and its member states aimed to reduce the number of people living at risk of poverty by 2020. However, most EU countries failed to achieve their targets concerning poverty reduction, partly because of the challenges they had to cope with (slow economic recovery after the crisis, migration, COVID-19). In 2022, poverty risks were increasing in the EU countries once again. Therefore, research focused on determinants of poverty can help policymakers to identify the areas in which policy measures will be useful for poverty reduction or at least its stabilisation in the EU countries. The paper introduces an analysis examining five determinants of poverty (related to employment, incomes, education, and social protection), when poverty was understood in terms of incomes as well as material deprivation. The panel regression analysis was done for cross-sectional data covering EU 26 countries and the period 2010–2019. Statistical results revealed the statistically significant relationships between poverty risks (measured with the use of at-risk-of-poverty rate and rate of material deprivation), and employment, work intensity, and income inequality (representing the determinants of poverty). Findings indicated that particularly the policy measures adopted within the employment and labour market policies must be used in the fight against poverty in EU countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital financial inclusion (DIFI) exerts vital influence on poverty alleviation in China, thus developing digital financial inclusion may provide new approaches to inclusive growth and create more possibilities for the sustainable development with extending the coverage and usage concerning financial services. This research explores how poverty alleviation is impacted by digital financial inclusion derived from the provincial data of China from 2011 to 2019. The results show that digital financial inclusion can make considerable contributions to poverty alleviation significantly. We conduct heterogeneity analysis with quantile regression conjointly, which reveals that digital financial inclusion has divergent effects on users with diverse poverty levels. The results of mediation regression demonstrate that the income level and income distribution play a vital role in poverty alleviation. Moreover, based on spatial Dubin model, digital financial inclusion enhances poverty alleviation with a spillover effect, which correlates with a "U" non-linear relation, laying a hidden danger of increasing poverty. Finally, we carry out IV regression to enhance the robust results, proving the reliability of this research's basic conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land consolidation is important to increase the economies of scale in farming, and understanding its determinants and effects is useful for policy-makers to support rural transformation. In this paper, we examine the factors determining the voluntary participation of farm households in land consolidation and investigate its impacts on crop production costs, rural poverty, and rural transformation. Our results show that land consolidation is driven by farming efficiency. It significantly decreases land preparation and harvest costs, increases farm income, and reduces poverty. We conclude that land consolidation should be promoted to facilitate the redistribution of farm land from farmers who want to leave agriculture to those who continue to work in agriculture. The redistribution of farmland promotes agricultural transformation by reallocating labor from farm to non-farm sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]