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Supportive measures for employees raising children may have increased workloads on other nurses, causing psychological stress. This study aimed to clarify the differences in working conditions and psychological status among female Japanese nurses based on child-rearing attributes. We used data from 1,600 female nurses at 10 Japanese hospitals collected by the study of the Work Environment for Hospital Nurses in Japan conducted in 2016. The variables included work conditions (number of night shifts per month, daily overtime, number of paid holidays per year, and social support received), psychological status (sense of coherence, emotional exhaustion, and work engagement), and sociodemographic characteristics. An analysis of covariance was performed on the differences between the three groups (without children, with preschool-age children, and with children of other ages groups). The group without children had a relatively higher workload (p<0.01) and lower social support (p<0.01 and p<0.05). Additionally, they had higher emotional exhaustion and lower work engagement (p<0.01). This study confirmed the uneven distribution of work environment by work-life balance measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Japan, the “Act on the Arrangement of Related Acts to Promote Work Style Reform” was enforced in 2019 to reduce long working hours. However, work style reforms largely depend on workers’ and companies’ awareness and abilities. This study aimed to develop the Work Style Reform scale to assess the competencies required for work style reform and to examine its validity and reliability. This study was conducted with a diverse sample of 1,641 Japanese workers, and 17 questions across three subscales—Work Style, Personal Style, and Work Environment—were developed. After a response bias analysis, some items were discarded based on an exploratory factor analysis; the reliability coefficients were calculated; and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed. The convergent and discriminant validity were evaluated through a multi-trait multimethod analysis. Finally, nine questions remained. Construct validity, reliability and convergent validity were sufficient for all Subscales, and discriminant validity was sufficient only for Work Style. In conclusion, while Work Style was sufficient, issues remained in other subscales. To improve the accuracy of them in the future, it is necessary to examine the validation of discriminant validity using different indicates and the addition of new items to the smallest subscale; Personal Style. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: With the development of China's economy, China's medical level is also rising. Medical staff is constantly working overtime due to heavy workload, which can lead to emotional exhaustion in the long run. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the level of emotional exhaustion of Chinese medical staff. Based on this question, this study used involuntary overtime (conformity/workload) of medical staff working in Chinese medical institutions as an independent variable, trying to explore which variables increased the level of emotional exhaustion of medical staff. Design/Methodology/Approach: This study also investigated the mediating effect of job stress and the moderated mediating role of the desire for control in Machiavellian leadership. To investigate these questions, this study surveyed 313 medical personnel working in Chinese medical institutions. Findings: The results showed that involuntary overtime (conformity/workload) had a positive effect on job stress. work stress had no significant effect on emotional exhaustion. Job stress has a positive effect on emotional exhaustion of Chinese medical staff. Conclusion: This study aimed to identify which variables increase the level of emotional exhaustion in healthcare workers and suggested how to reduce emotional exhaustion in health care workers based on the findings. Research Limitations/Implications: We conducted a cross-sectional study. In future research, to further clarify these results, longitudinal studies should be conducted around the time gap. Practical Implications: Due to the unique nature of medical work, medical staff generally have unhealthy living habits. The organization should therefore reasonably arrange overtime for medical staff and appropriately allocate their workload. Additionally, Organizations should focus on the work-family situation of medical staff, improve their work enthusiasm, and reduce the occurrence of job stress. Contribution to Literature: This research expends the research field of overtime work types and emotional exhaustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Overtime work is associated with a risk of developing various diseases, including oral diseases. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) is a more comprehensive assessment than those of individual diseases and can be affected by longer working hours. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined the association of overtime work duration with OHRQoL. Data were obtained from an online survey of Japanese workers in February 2016. OHRQoL was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-49 (OHIP-49). Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate the ratio of means and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of overtime work duration for OHIP-49 scores after adjusting for sociodemographic and health behavior covariates. Results: Of 2,764 (2,178 male and 586 female) workers (mean age, 44.6 ± 10.0 years), those with longer duration of overtime work tended to exhibit poorer OHRQoL. The mean OHIP-49 scores of those who did not work overtime and worked for ≥5 h overtime were 27.93 ± 28.53 and 40.97 ± 38.86, respectively. After adjusting for covariates, compared to those who did not work overtime, the mean OHIP-49 score was 1.41 times higher (95% CI 1.38-1.44) for those who worked for ≥5 h overtime. Conclusion: Longer overtime work duration was associated with poor OHRQoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A major challenge in maintenance scheduling is how to avoid excessive maintenance costs due to labor and overtime. In maintenance of utilities in commercial buildings, the repair technicians have to travel between the maintenance sites to perform maintenance tasks under non-preemption constraint. In such a maintenance, and due to geographically distributed assets in occupied buildings, travelling will consume a proportion of the available work time. To find a good balance between the number of technicians, the number of selected tasks and the right routing between the tasks along with overtime considerations, a MILP model is presented in this study. Here, joint decisions that will minimize the cost of labor, transportation and overtime in the form of time schedules and daily routes are addressed. Using AMPL and CPLEX to formulate and solve the model, case studies from real industry in Uae have been solved for testing and validation. The results showed a remarkable reduction in costs due to presenting optimal technician routes, low use of overtime and small workforces. The model can be cast into a commercial package, which offers maintenance providers a custom solution for maintenance activities that are characterized by their high frequency, short duration and spatially distributed sites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dados - Revista de Ciências Sociais is the property of DADOS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ongoing or dead-end ways? Progression of women and men to management roles In this article, we investigated whether and how the progression of women and men to management roles differs, and which factors can explain these differences. Drawing on data from the Dutch Labour Supply Panel, we found that men more often progressed to management roles than women, especially to the most senior roles. The findings confirm our hypotheses that women less often progress to management and the most senior roles because they work part-time much more often than men and less often work overtime. Our analyses provide no confirmation for the expectation that support from the employer makes a difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study critically examines the impact of institutional quality within foreign direct investment-financial development-international tourist arrival nexus for selected MENA countries. The dynamic pool mean group Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is employed for the empirical data analysis from 2012 to 2018. The findings reveal that institutional quality has a positive impact in FDI and real GDP model. Contrarily, it has adverse effect in the model of financial development and international tourist arrival overtime. Hence in the short-run, financial development and real GDP vary inversely moreover international tourist arrival and financial development varies directly. The multivariate panel causality test reveals 4 significant uni-directional causalities. The robust finding suggests institutional policy measures to enhance FDI and international tourist arrival, and the deepening of financial development to stimulate and enhance economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnitude of the Super Bowl has prompted advertisers to produce content as grand as the sporting event itself (Veksner, 2015, p. 130). The 2017 game was particularly unique with the historic face-off between the Atlanta Falcons and New England Patriots (Bergman, 2017; Breech; 2017). This paper examined brand promotion during Super Bowl LI by analyzing appeals, creative strategies, and tactics in television commercials and social media as well as consumer affect from USA Today's Ad Meter rankings. Results indicate that advertisers made great efforts to feature appeals and strategic messaging during the game to fit each promotional platform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Companies develop strategies of promoting innovativeness relating to productivity improvements in their production processes. These may require radical changes aimed at improving short-to long-term growth in productivity. This sentiment describes the concept of business process re-engineering (BPR). South Africa has, over the years, been experiencing low productivity growth in its manufacturing industry. Its labour productivity level is low when compared with BRICS countries like Russia, India and China. Hence, this study focuses on BPR, given low productivity levels in the South African automotive and manufacturing industries. The automotive company that has adopted a BPR strategy participated in the study. The collection of data was carried out in two phases. This includes the collection of pre- and post-BPR quarterly data from company records on overtime and spoilage rates. The pre-BPR results were quarterly data of the company’s performance over a three-year period prior to BPR implementation. The post-BPR data reflect the company’s performance for three years after BPR was implemented. Hence, the study examined the production and related experiences of the automotive assembly organisation that has adopted a BPR strategy. The company operates in the eThekwini District Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. The results established that BPR has a positive relationship with labour productivity. It has an influence on the levels of overtime and spoilage rates. Hence, the automotive companies in South Africa should assess their performance and implement structural changes that help achieve new business goals. These include the job structure, as well as the administrative procedures. The implementation of such changes must be based on an understanding of the economic factors affecting labour productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A radical change in core discussion network composition detected after democratic transition. • The generation-specific change is that young people include family ties much less so than before. • The gender-specific change is that friends are gaining even more notable importance in male core networks. • Male friendship definitions increasingly include the provision of emotional support and empathy. In order to detect changes in social connectivity, we examined evolutions in the personal network structure by analyzing over-time trends in the composition of the population's core discussion networks on four cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys between 1997 and 2015, in the era of post-communism, in Hungary. There has been a very significant change; in fact, a reversal of trends regarding the composition of the core discussion networks (CDNs) concerning kin and non-kin ties over the past decades. Our data suggest that friendship ties gained more importance. There seems to be a generation-specific aspect of the change: young people include family ties less often than older people and this effect strengthens over time. Women still have a higher ratio of kin ties compared to men and this effect does not change significantly during the analyzed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to discuss a production inventory model for deteriorating items with nonlinear price and linear stock dependent market demand along with an overtime production opportunity. The corresponding optimization problem is articulated mathematically and hence solved by using lingo software. To examine the proposed nonlinear optimization problem's significance, one numerical example is deliberated. A sensitivity analysis is accomplished on the basis of the systematic changes of the system parameters. As a final point, based on the accomplished analysis an effectual conclusion is reflected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auctions have become the main instrument of choice to support renewable electricity around the world. This is probably due to their alleged virtues in terms of efficiency. However, whether auctions will meet their expectations and be successful will depend on the choice of design elements in particular settings. Although the analysis of the advantages and drawbacks of different design elements has received considerable attention in the literature, this is not the case with the real-world adoption of different design elements across different regions and renewable electricity technologies and overtime. The aim of this paper is to cover this gap in the literature. Using a database of 90 renewable electricity auctions from around the world, built by the authors, this article analyzes different patterns of adoption of design elements overtime, across continents and technologies. The results of the analysis show that, indeed, large differences across regions and overtime can be observed for some design elements. Regarding regional differences, this is the case for geographical diversity, local content requirements, remuneration form, auction form and disclosure of ceiling prices. Some design elements clearly show a distinct pattern over time: volume metric, size diversity, selection criteria, auction format, auction type, pricing rule and ceiling prices. In contrast, the differences across technologies are less marked and are circumscribed to geographical diversity, auction format and remuneration form. Several possible explanations for the patterns and trends in auction design are proposed. • Different auction design elements across regions, technologies and overtime are analysed. • Based on a database of 90 renewable electricity auctions from around the world. • Large differences across regions and overtime (but not for technologies) can be observed. • Regional differences include geographical diversity, local content, remuneration format and auction form. • Explanations of the patterns and trends in auction design are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of stochastic breakdowns, overtime, and rework on the inventory replenishment decision. The overtime capacity and inevitable situations during the manufacturing process, such as the production of imperfect items and random breakdowns, are often considered in advance by production manager to smoothen fabrication schedules, maintain the desired quality, and reduce the impact from undesirable interruptions. This study builds a model to characterize these real features of a manufacturing process and derive the total relevant expenses of the system. Although a closed-form solution is unobtainable, a recursive algorithm is proposed to help find the optimal runtime for the batch fabrication plan. A numerical illustration shows how the proposed procedure and algorithm function. It also demonstrates the ability of the proposed model to reveal diverse crucial information regarding the individual and combined influences of deviations in overtime factors, the mean-time-to-failure, and rework- related variables, on the optimal replenishment runtime, total operating expenses, and different cost contributors. The research results will facilitate better decision-making aimed at increasing the competitive advantages of a manufacturing firm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ice hockey is a high-intensity contact sport that places athletes at an elevated risk for injury relative to other sports. The purpose of the current study was to analyze factors contributing to fatigue and decreased recovery time and their associations with injury incidence among professional athletes in the National Hockey League (NHL). A retrospective review of all injuries suffered by NHL athletes during six consecutive seasons from 2013 to 2019 was performed. Team schedules were analyzed to assess (1) the number of instances with games on consecutive calendar days, (2) the number of overtime games, and (3) the number of overtime games within three calendar days of a previous overtime game. A Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated from this data to assess the association between these factors and injury rates. In total, 4886 injuries were suffered by NHL players during the period of study, with the 2013–2014 regular season highest injury rate per 1000 athletic exposures (15.8). The lower body was the most frequently injured body area (25.0% of all injuries), followed by injuries to the upper body (23.7%). In an analysis of the number of overtime games and games on consecutive days and their relationships to injury rate, only overtime games within three calendar days and total injuries were found to have a significant association (ρ = 0.19, p = 0.01). The weak positive correlation between the number of overtime games within threedays of a previous overtime game and total injuries in professional ice hockey players suggests that overtime games played within a short period of time place athletes at increased risk for injury. Further studies are necessary to address this on an athlete-by-athlete level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Pesquisa is the property of Fundacao Carlos Chagas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Case Law Review / Revista Română de Jurisprudenţă is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To satisfy the increasing trend of diverse customer product needs and to cope with internal capacity constraints, the management of current manufacturing firms must plan multiproduct batch fabrication and be able to reduce its completion time and/or smooth overall production schedules. Furthermore, because of various unforeseen problems in real fabrication processes, defective items may be randomly produced. These items need to be identified and separated from perfect stocks to maintain the required quality level. Inspired by these facts, we explore a multiproduct economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) problem considering rework and overtime options. An exact model is built to study the characteristics of the problem that have not yet been explicitly examined in the literature. This newly developed model employs a mathematical technique together with differential calculus to not only obtain the total cost function of the system, but also to prove its convexity and determine the optimal cycle time that minimizes the total system cost. A numerical illustration is provided to demonstrate its applicability. Subsequently, the impact of overtime and rework on the optimal solution, relevant cost variables, and the completion time of batch fabrication, machine utilization, can be obtained. This information on the cost-effectiveness of problem characteristics is valuable in facilitating managerial decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data exposure and privacy violations may happen when data is ex- changed between organizations. Data anonymization gives promising results for limiting such dangers. In order to maintain privacy, different methods of k-ano- nymization and l-diversity have been widely used. But for larger datasets, the results are not very promising. The main problem with existing anonymization algorithms is high information loss and high running time. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes new models, namely Improved k-Anonymization (IKA) and Improved l-Diversity (ILD). IKA model takes large k-value using a symmetric as well as an asymmetric anonymizing algorithm. Then IKA is further categorized into Improved Symmetric k-Anonymization (ISKA) and Improved Asymmetric k-Anonymization (IAKA). After anonymizing data using IKA, ILD model is used to increase privacy. ILD will make the data more diverse and thereby increasing privacy. This paper presents the implementation of the proposed IKA and ILD model using real-time big candidate election dataset, which is acquired from the Madhya Pradesh State Election Commission, India (MPSEC) along with Apache Storm. This paper also compares the proposed model with existing algorithms, i.e. Fast clustering-based Anonymization for Data Streams (FADS), Fast Anonymization for Data Stream (FAST), Map Reduce Anonymization (MRA) and Scalable k-Anonymization (SKA). The experimental results show that the proposed models IKA and ILD have remarkable improvement of information loss and significantly enhanced the performance in terms of running time over the existing approaches along with maintaining the privacy-utility trade-off. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US impasse with both Koreas carried over into 2020, with little official contact with North Korea and negotiations with South Korea over troop burden-sharing going into overtime. The global pandemic forced all three governments to make sharp adjustments, with President Trump reaching out to both Seoul and Pyongyang to either offer or solicit assistance. But in both cases, the rifts appear too deep to forget, even in the face of a shared catastrophe like COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews and replicates Spreitzer's (1995) study entitled "Psychological empowerment in the workplace: Dimensions, measurement, and validation." We extended this work and present alternative solutions and insights. We propose seven alternative hypotheses and sub-hypotheses resulting in 14 alternative hypotheses to Spreitzer 's work (presented in the appendix for convenience). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the correlation between objective and subjective working hours (OWH and SWH, respectively) and their relation to the workers' health. The study included 6,806 workers of a Japanese company (response rate=86.6%). OWH were collected as the monthly data during fiscal year 2017 from the company record. SWH were self-reported as the weekly data during the past month in November 2017. Both OWH and SWH corresponded to the same period of one month (October 2017). Additionally, the data for the annual health checkup in fiscal year 2017 and self-reported mental health in November 2017 were collected. The results indicated that the longer OWH was related to more underestimation of SWH. The analyses of covariance adjusted for the selected variables showed that irrespective of OWH or SWH, significant relationships were found for stress responses but not for body mass index, aspartate and alanine aminotransferase, fasting blood glucose, hemoglobin A1c, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or triglyceride. However, significant relationships with only OWH were noted for systolic and diastolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, and positive work-related state of mind. The present findings show that SWH should be used carefully when assessing the health effects of long working hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Socjologiczne is the property of Studia Socjologiczne and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Overtime in the private sector in Turkey is the working hours which excess of 45 hours performed by individuals aged 18 and over. The paper is one of the studies that use the individual overtime periods in the private sector. Our purpose is to see the reasons for doing overtime by applying Tobit analysis with demographic and socioeconomic variables. In this context, it has benefited from the data obtained from the Household Labor Force survey conducted by the Turkish Statistical Institute between 2014-2017. When the results of the analysis were examined, it was found that while the age of a person increases the overtime decreases and illustrates a concave function; as the level of education increases, the overtime decreases, also it is concluded that especially in the service and the mining sector and when the number of employees is between 10 to 20, and those whose wages are below the average wage are doing overtime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Applied Psychology is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores a finite production rate (FPR) model featuring overtime option and rework of nonconforming products. Classic FPR model assumed all items produced are of perfect quality. However, in real fabrication systems, owing to diverse uncontrollable conditions, production of nonconforming items is inevitable. To maintain high product quality and lower production cost allow present-day’s manufacturing firms to gain competition advantage. Also, due to limited in-house capacity, to be able to smooth production schedule enables management to meet due dates and better allocate fabrication resources. Motivated by these practical issues, the present study investigates a FPR model considering overtime and rework of nonconforming items. An exact model is developed to specifically describe the problem. Mathematical analysis and differential calculus are employed to help obtain the expected system cost function and prove its convexity, and then derive the optimal lot size per replenishment cycle. Moreover, sensitivity analysis and diverse effects of key system factors on the problem are demonstrated via numerical illustrations to help managerial decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]