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The objective of this study was to evaluate intra-articular dextrose prolotherapy for osteoarthritis of the elbow or stifle in dogs in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, prospective pilot study. Seventeen dogs were evaluated with 10 meeting inclusion criteria for this study. Evaluations included orthopedic exam, visual lameness scoring, Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI), goniometry, kinetic gait analysis, and radiography. Initial lameness score, age, body weight, duration of lameness, and CBPI scores did not differ between groups. Change in CBPI pain severity score in the prolotherapy group from wk 6-12 was significantly less improved than in the placebo group, with no other significant differences in pain severity or pain interference scores between groups. Range of motion and radiographic scores did not differ between groups at any time. Mean kinetic forces improved in prolotherapy dogs but were not significantly different between treatment groups at any time. Although easily performed and well-tolerated, there were no statistically significant benefits of dextrose prolotherapy for treatment of osteoarthritis of the elbow and stifle in dogs. Post hoc power analysis of these sample means and standard deviations found that 29-106 animals per group would be necessary to demonstrate significant differences in kinetic forces, providing useful guidance for future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of life for dogs with osteoarthritis can often be improved with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); however, the number of adverse drug events associated with NSAID use reported to the Federal Drug Administration Center for Veterinary Medicine is higher than that for any other companion animal drug. Of those events, adverse renal reactions are the second most reported. NSAIDs produce pharmacologic effects via inhibition of cyclooxygenase (COX), which decreases production of prostanoids. Prostaglandins are synthesized by both the COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes in the healthy kidney and influence renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate, renin release, and Na excretion. There are important species differences in the renal expression of COX-1 and COX-2. For example, dogs have higher basal levels of COX-2 expression in the kidney compared with humans. In addition, in dogs with chronic kidney disease, an increase in COX-2 expression occurs and synthesis of prostaglandins shifts to the COX-2 pathway. For those reasons, NSAIDs that target COX-2 may be expected to adversely affect renal function in dogs, especially dogs with chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the literature to report the renal effects of NSAIDs in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on prospective trial of autologous conditioned plasma and hyaluronan plus corticosteroid for elbow osteoarthritis (OA) in dogs. It states that hyaluronan offers beneficial treatment for the management of dogs with elbow OA. It mentions that autologous conditioned plasma is a platelet-rich plasma (PRP) product which increases platelet count.

Thirty-one dogs with patellar luxation (grades 2 and 3) were categorized into three groups. Group 1 (G.1; n = 12) had sodium hyaluronate (SHA) intra-articularly injected into the stifle joint that received surgery. Group 2 (G.2; n = 10) received SHA twice: first after surgery and then 1 week later. Group 3 (G.3; n = 9) served as a control, without injection. Blood was collected before injection and then once a week for 4 weeks after injection for evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS-WF6) and hyaluronan (HA). The results revealed significantly (p < 0.05) improved clinical scores by the end of week 4 in G.1 and G.2 relative to G.3; however, there was no significant difference between G.1 and G.2. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum CS-WF6 levels beginning at week 2 in G.1 and G.2. At weeks 3 and 4, serum HA in G.1 and G.2 differed from that in G.3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in serum biomarkers between G.1 and G.2. In conclusion, intra-articular injection with SHA after joint surgery may improve homeostasis of the joint, retarding the process of OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a study which aims at comparing the radiographic osteoarthritis scores in dogs with less than and greater than 24 months of undergoing tibial plateau leveling osteotomy (TPLO). In the study, t-tests and regression analysis was used to analyze the radiographic osteoarthritis scores were determined in 60 dogs that underwent TPLO. It reveals progression of osteoarthritis over time following TPLO surgery.

The article discusses a prospective, multi-center, randomized, noninferiority design clinical trial that aims to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of robenacoxib for the treatment of clinical signs osteoarthritis in dogs in Japan. It concludes that the once daily administration of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) robenacoxib had noninferior efficacy and tolerability compared to carprofen, the most widely used NSAID in Japan.

The article discusses research being done on the antiproliferative effects of tepoxalin, a cyclooxygenase/lipoxygenase dual inhibitor, on cultured canine synovial cells. It references several studies including "In Vivo Effects of Tepoxalin, an Inhibitor of Cyclooxygenaseand Lipoxygenase, on Prostanoid and Leukotriene Production in Dogs with Chronic Osteoarthritis" by K. A. Agnello, L. R. Reynolds and S. C. Budsberg in a 2005 issue of the "American Journal of Veterinary Research."