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Research from Changchun University of Chinese Medicine explores the potential of peptide drugs for treating type 2 diabetes through oral administration. The study highlights the challenges of oral utilization of peptide drugs due to degradation and absorption issues, proposing nano-formulation carriers as a solution. This research offers new insights into alternative treatment options for type 2 diabetes, emphasizing the importance of improving the oral delivery of peptide drugs. [Extracted from the article]

The patent issued to Amorphical Ltd. focuses on compositions of amorphous calcium carbonate for inhalation, sublingual, or buccal administration. The patent highlights the importance of calcium in the human body and the unique properties of amorphous calcium carbonate compared to other forms. The invention aims to provide new methods for administering amorphous calcium carbonate to treat various diseases and conditions, including cancer, through inhalation, buccal, sublingual, and gingival routes. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a clinical trial, NCT06655220, investigating the impact of BI 1815368 on the exposure of metformin in plasma when administered together in healthy subjects. The trial aims to compare the effects of metformin administered alone versus in combination with BI 1815368. The study involves healthy male subjects aged 18 to 50 and is in the recruitment phase, with a completion date set for December 13, 2024. The trial is interventional, with a randomized allocation and crossover design, focusing on the pharmacokinetics of the drugs. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of South Florida explored the effects of a novel synthetic ketogenic compound, glycerol tri-acetoacetate (Gly-3AcAc), on elevating blood b-hydroxybutyrate levels in mice under both fasting and fed conditions. The compound was found to induce hyperketonemia within the therapeutic range and showed potential for inducing therapeutic nutritional ketosis without detrimental side effects. Researchers aim to further investigate the compound's efficacy in augmenting metabolic therapy. The study was supported by the University of South Florida and published in the journal Nutrients. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a Phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of H021 tablets in healthy participants. The study involves single and multiple ascending doses of H021 administered orally. The trial aims to assess adverse events, pharmacokinetic parameters, and changes in specific biomarkers. The study design is randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled, with primary completion expected in February 2025. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a Phase 2 clinical trial for a drug called VX-993. The trial is currently ongoing and aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of VX-993 in treating acute pain after a bunionectomy surgery. The trial is interventional, randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled. Participants will receive either VX-993 tablets, HB/APAP capsules, or a placebo. The primary completion date for data collection is October 31, 2025. The document also includes contact information for medical inquiries and information about data sharing. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Chiang Mai University in Thailand investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of hexahydrocurcumin (HHC) in mice. The researchers developed a method using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to measure HHC levels in various tissues. They found that HHC had a higher concentration in the liver and kidneys compared to the brain, suggesting that it has difficulty crossing the blood-brain barrier. The study also compared the pharmacokinetics of HHC after intraperitoneal (IP) and oral administration, finding that IP administration resulted in higher peak plasma concentrations and a shorter half-life compared to oral administration. This research provides valuable insights into the potential use of HHC as a new drug candidate. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial conducted by Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated. The trial, registered under NCT Number NCT06619860, aims to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of VX-993 in participants with pain associated with Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy (DPN). The trial follows a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, dose-ranging, parallel-design study design and is expected to be completed by April 30, 2026. The trial is open to individuals of all genders between the ages of 18 and 80 who have a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or type 2 and bilateral pain in their lower extremities due to DPN. [Extracted from the article]

A report from researchers at Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine in Japan discusses the findings of a study on the effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve on tonic-clonic seizures in mice. The study found that oral administration of B. breve reduced seizure scores in mice and increased the level of phosphorylation of Akt Ser473 in the hippocampus, which is believed to be involved in the antiepileptic effect of B. breve. The researchers suggest that probiotics like B. breve could potentially be used as prophylactic agents for epilepsy. The study was funded by the Japan Society For The Promotion of Science. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Urmia University in Iran conducted a study to evaluate the effects of piperine on experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU), an eye condition. The study involved inducing EAU in rats and administering different doses of piperine orally. The results showed that the 80 mg/kg dose of piperine was the most effective in reducing clinical symptoms, increasing nitric oxide levels, and enhancing IDO activity in the eyes of the rats. The study suggests that oral administration of piperine may have potential for clinical application in treating uveitis. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in Iran explored the potential neuroprotective effects of crocin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNC) in a rat model of epileptic seizures. The study found that SLNC administration improved memory deficits, reduced oxidative stress and inflammation in the brain, and increased the expression of neuroprotective proteins. These findings suggest that SLNC may be a promising therapeutic strategy for inhibiting seizures and protecting against neuronal damage in epilepsy. Further research is needed to validate these results and explore the potential clinical applications of SLNC in epilepsy treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) focused on Alzheimer's disease and the challenges of drug delivery to the brain. The researchers proposed a mathematical model that incorporates two mechanisms of blood-brain barrier crossing: transcytosis and diffusion. The model was based on experimental observations of the drug donepezil hydrochloride, which is used to treat Alzheimer's disease. The study's numerical simulations suggest that drug delivery methods should be tailored to the severity of Alzheimer's disease and the fitness of the blood-brain barrier. These findings may inspire the development of improved therapies for Alzheimer's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan, China have developed a novel oral formulation of berberine hydrochloride (BBH) using a hydrogel made from chitosan and carboxymethyl-b-cyclodextrin. The hydrogel demonstrated sustained drug release and exhibited antibacterial activity against common pathogens. It was also found to be non-toxic to cells, making it a promising candidate for the oral delivery of BBH in various biomedical applications. This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Nanjing Medical University in Jiangsu, China, investigated the absorption, metabolism, and excretion of anaprazole, a proton pump inhibitor, in the human body. The study involved four healthy Chinese male subjects who were administered a single oral dose of anaprazole. The results showed that anaprazole was well-absorbed and extensively metabolized, primarily to thioether M8-1 through nonenzymatic metabolism. The study also found that cytochrome P450 3A4 contributed to the metabolism of anaprazole. Overall, 35 metabolites were identified in plasma, urine, and fecal samples. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Jiangxi University in Nanchang, China, has found that oral administration of astragalus polysaccharide, a traditional Chinese medicinal compound, can enhance immunomodulation in mice that have been immunosuppressed by cyclophosphamide therapy. The polysaccharide was found to increase the production of butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid associated with immunomodulatory activity, in the intestines of the mice. This study provides evidence of the targeted modulation of butyrate-producing gut microbiota by astragalus polysaccharide, offering insights into its pharmacological activity. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial for the drug Lumateperone in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). The trial aims to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics of Lumateperone in pediatric patients diagnosed with ASD. It is a Phase 1b, multicenter, open-label study that will administer Lumateperone in different doses to participants. The primary outcome measures of the study include evaluating the maximum plasma concentration, time of maximum plasma concentration, and area under the plasma Lumateperone concentration time curve. The trial is currently recruiting participants and is expected to be completed by July 31, 2026. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for biodegradable mucoadhesive pharmaceutical formulations and methods for treating oral cancer and precancerous oral lesions. The formulations contain two active ingredients, oxaliplatin and mycophenolic acid, which have a synergistic effect in killing cancer cells. The formulations are designed for oral administration and are created using a computer-aided design three-dimensional printing technique, allowing for precise control of the active ingredient composition and a unidirectional release of the drugs to minimize damage to healthy tissue. This non-invasive treatment option aims to improve patient outcomes and reduce treatment-related complications. [Extracted from the article]

A Phase Ic clinical trial is currently underway in China to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of DA-302168S tablets in overweight/obese individuals. The trial involves a 28-day period of continuous oral administration of the tablets and aims to assess any adverse events and analyze plasma samples for pharmacokinetics. The study is currently in the recruitment phase and plans to enroll 60 participants, with a completion date set for September 2025. Eligibility criteria include age, weight, body mass index, and stable weight in the months leading up to screening, while exclusion criteria include certain medical conditions. The primary contact for the study is Dr. Guang xin Dong. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a portable sedation toothbrush that aims to make dental treatment more comfortable for patients with intellectual disabilities or who are fearful or overly alert. The toothbrush utilizes sublingual administration of midazolam, a sedative fluid, while brushing the patient's teeth. The device consists of a handle portion with a sedative fluid chamber and a plunger, and a head portion with bristles and a nozzle for administering the sedative fluid. The toothbrush is designed to be operated by a single user and does not require the involvement of multiple caregivers. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06520553, is being conducted to investigate the pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of BI 1569912 in healthy male subjects. The trial aims to understand how the body processes BI 1569912, including its metabolism, excretion pathways, and mass balance. The trial involves the oral administration of BI 1569912 as the test treatment and the intravenous micro-tracer administration of BI 1569912 as the reference treatment. The trial is in the interventional phase and is designed as a single-dose, fixed-sequence trial. It is not yet recruiting participants, but it aims to enroll 8 healthy male subjects between the ages of 18 and 55 who are in good health and meet certain medical criteria. The trial is sponsored by Boehringer Ingelheim, and interested individuals can contact the company for more information. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Waters Corporation has found that omics-based biomarker technologies, such as metabolic profiling and lipidomics, are playing a significant role in understanding diseases, drug development, and translational research. The study specifically focused on the effects of the antineoplastic drug gefitinib on the plasma lipid profiles of male mice. The researchers observed time-related changes in the amounts of lipids from various classes, with the largest effects occurring shortly after drug administration and gradually returning to baseline levels. These findings suggest a distinct relationship between drug exposure and plasma lipid abundance. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by CHA University in South Korea evaluated the safety of orally administering steamed mature silkworm powder (SMSP) in rats. The researchers aimed to investigate the potential toxicity and food safety of SMSP, which is being considered as a potential source of human food and animal feed. The study found that SMSP did not cause any toxicological changes or adverse effects in the rats, suggesting that it is safe for consumption and has potential applications in edible ingredients and health functional foods. This research contributes to the emerging edible insect industry, which is seen as a solution for food security and environmental sustainability. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Department of Chest Medicine highlights the potential benefits of oral administration of oligo-fucoidan in patients with lung cancer. Lung cancer is a prevalent and deadly disease, particularly in Taiwan. The study focused on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), which accounts for 85% of lung cancers. The researchers found that oligo-fucoidan showed promise in improving the survival rate, quality of life, and immune function of patients with lung cancer. However, further research is needed to fully understand the clinical utility of this adjuvant therapy. [Extracted from the article]

A new report discusses research findings on optic neuritis, a condition often associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). The study found that intravenous corticosteroid treatment followed by oral administration may reduce the incidence of post-treatment recurrence of optic neuritis in MS patients. The research used a systematic review method to analyze relevant literature and concluded that this treatment approach could be effective in reducing recurring optic neuritis. The study highlights the importance of understanding the clinical manifestations of autoimmune optic neuropathy in MS and identifying appropriate therapies. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine discusses the findings of a study on obesity, fitness, and wellness. The study focuses on the Zingiberis Rhizoma - Jujubae Fructus herb pair, which is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to treat stomach cold syndrome. The researchers used a fast and sensitive method to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of 12 analytes in normal and stomach cold syndrome rats. The results showed that the absorption of active components and the pharmacokinetic parameters were influenced by the compatibility of the herb pair and the pathological conditions. This research provides insights for the clinical application of the herb pair. [Extracted from the article]

A patent has been issued to iosBio Ltd. for a method of delivering a transgene to target cells in a patient through oral administration of viral particles. The patent describes the use of adenoviral vectors, which have been extensively studied and are capable of effectively transducing both dividing and non-dividing cells. The inventor has shown that adenoviral particles carrying insulin were able to reduce glucose levels in diabetic rats when orally administered. The patent also includes claims for a tablet or capsule for oral administration, as well as methods of preparing and delivering the viral particles. [Extracted from the article]

A systematic review conducted by researchers at the University of Verona compared the effects of transdermal and oral hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in postmenopausal women. The review included 51 studies and found that transdermal and oral administration routes of HRT were similar in terms of improvements in bone mineral density, glucose metabolism, and lipid profile. However, the review identified a higher risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) with oral administration. The researchers concluded that transdermal HRT may be safer than oral administration due to the lower risk of VTE. Further research is recommended to better understand the differences between the two administration routes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Fukui in Japan aimed to assess the safety of orally administered mechanically fibrillated cellulose nanofibers (fib-CNF) through a 28-day repeated oral administration study in rats. The study followed OECD Test Guideline 407 and found no mortality or toxicological effects related to the nanofibers in various assessments, including general condition and behavioral function observations, urinalysis, hematological examination, blood biochemical examination, necropsy findings, organ weights, and histopathological examination. However, female rats treated with the highest dose of CNF exhibited a reduction in body weight during the recovery period. The study suggests a potential weight-suppressive effect of CNF ingestion. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Vietnam have conducted a study on the pharmacokinetics and withdrawal times of cefotaxime in white leg shrimp. The study found that a 24-hour cefotaxime treatment could effectively fight against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, a bacterium known to cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease in shrimp. The withdrawal times for cefotaxime were determined to be 8.5 degree-days after three days of once-daily medication and 95.5 degree-days after three days of twice-daily medication. The study also found that the medication did not negatively impact the shrimp hepatopancreas. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention in Beijing, China, explored the effects of oral administration of Pediococcus pentosaceus MIANGUAN2 (MIANGUAN2) on influenza infection in mice. The results showed that MIANGUAN2 improved weight loss, lung index, lung pathology, and decreased lung viral load in the infected mice. Additionally, MIANGUAN2-treated mice exhibited lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and higher production of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the lung. The study suggests that MIANGUAN2 may alleviate influenza infection by modulating the gut microbiota and enhancing the production of short-chain fatty acids. [Extracted from the article]

A new study conducted by researchers at Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine explores the metabolite research of the Tongmai Sini decoction (TSD), a traditional Chinese medicine used for the treatment of myocardial infarction and heart failure. The study utilized advanced technology to identify and characterize the components and metabolites of TSD in rat plasma and urine. The researchers identified a total of 82 prototype compounds and 65 metabolites, shedding light on the pharmacological mechanism and pharmacodynamic substance basis of TSD. This research provides valuable insights for understanding the effects and potential benefits of TSD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Instituto Politecnico Nacional in Mexico City explored the effects of the antiviral drug Efavirenz (EFV) on the serotonergic system in mice. The study found that EFV caused dysregulation of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (Tph2) gene in the brain, particularly in the brainstem, amygdala, and hypothalamus. Additionally, mice given EFV exhibited increased levels of serotonin (5-HT) in the amygdala, as well as weight loss and anxiety-like behavior. However, further research is needed to fully understand these effects and to explore other measurement techniques for serotonin levels. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China discusses the evaluation of three different methods for extracting milk-derived extracellular vesicles (M-EVs) for oral administration. The study found that the new method, which involves cryogenic freezing treatment, resulted in higher yields and improved cellular uptake efficiency compared to the other methods. Furthermore, the M-EVs obtained through cryogenic freezing were able to successfully cross the gastrointestinal barrier and accumulate in the liver after oral administration. The research suggests that the composition of M-EVs can be altered by different extraction methods, which may impact their oral properties and potential for drug delivery. [Extracted from the article]

This document provides information about a clinical trial, NCT06457204, for a drug called Pramipexole. The trial aims to establish the bioequivalence of Sifrol(R) tablets manufactured at two different sites. It is an open-label, randomized, and single-dose trial with a two-way crossover design. The primary outcome measures include the concentration of the drug in plasma. The trial is currently in Phase 1 and is being conducted on healthy subjects. It is open to all genders and accepts healthy volunteers between the ages of 18 and 55. The trial is estimated to be completed by July 30, 2024, and is being conducted by Boehringer Ingelheim. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application by Entera Bio Ltd. describes a composition and method for treating hypoparathyroidism through oral administration. Hypoparathyroidism is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood, which can cause cramping and tetany. Current treatments involve intravenous or oral administration of calcium and vitamin D, but these do not address diminished bone turnover or restore PTH-dependent renal calcium reabsorption. The invention proposes the use of parathyroid hormone or a fragment thereof, along with SNAC (sodium 8-N-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)aminocaprylate), to be orally administered to treat hypoparathyroidism. The composition may also include protease inhibitors and trypsin inhibitors. The method involves administering the composition orally, with recommended dosages ranging from 100 to 3000 mg, at least twice per day. The composition may be formulated as an extended-release or multimodal release formulation. [Extracted from the article]

A patent application has been filed for a new treatment for ovarian cancer using a drug called nirogacestat. This treatment specifically targets ovarian granulosa cell tumors (OvGCTs), a common subtype of ovarian cancer for which there are currently no FDA-approved therapies. The method involves orally administering 150 mg of nirogacestat twice daily to patients, with specific guidelines for managing side effects such as diarrhea, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, and elevated liver enzymes. The patent application provides detailed instructions for adjusting the dosage or discontinuing treatment based on the severity of these side effects. For more information, readers are encouraged to visit the full patent. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Alnylam Pharmaceuticals Inc. in Cambridge, Massachusetts have conducted a study on the oral delivery of GalNAc-conjugated siRNAs in rodents and non-human primates. The study found that oral administration of these siRNAs, when co-formulated with permeation enhancers, resulted in robust RNA interference activity. However, the bioavailability of the siRNAs was found to be less than 2%. The researchers concluded that further improvements in the potency of siRNAs and permeation enhancers could make oral delivery of GalNAc-siRNAs a practical solution. [Extracted from the article]

A report from Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences discusses the impact of nicotine and ethanol abstinence on memory function in adolescent rats. The study found that prolonged consumption of nicotine and alcohol led to memory loss and various dysfunctions in the brain. However, treatment with Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was found to improve memory deficits and biochemical changes associated with nicotine-ethanol abstinence. The researchers suggest that further studies are needed to assess the potential side effects and tolerability of CoQ10 in humans. [Extracted from the article]