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As urban development shifts from the incremental era to the stock era, urban design is becoming increasingly focused on high-quality living and human needs. However, the opening of traditional communities has been insufficiently examined. This study took Liuyun Community, a typical open community in Guangzhou (China) that has undergone a transformation from residential to commercial use, as its research object. First, more than 300 residents, tourists, and merchants were surveyed via questionnaires administered in field investigations and interviews. Next, the data from the completed questionnaires were used to construct a structural equation model consisting of five dimensions, namely commercial service value, cost value, risk value, perceptual value, and social value. The data were then analyzed to determine the correlations between perceived value and behavioral intention, satisfaction, and other psychological attributes. The following results were obtained: (1) As commercial activities in the community increased, the influence of social value, cost value, and commercial service value on behavioral intention decreased. (2) The open community inevitably had negative impacts on its citizens. However, these negative impacts were mitigated to some extent by high levels of social value. (3) Perceptions of commercial service value varied between groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Highlights • We address the concerns over licensing policies for open 3DP content communities. • The relationship between the features of 3DP content and contributors' license choices is investigated. • Logistic regression for license choice is conducted based on the Thingiverse data. • The empirical results show that the current license options for 3DP content do not sufficiently reflect contributors' needs. • Directions for future license policies that can improve the current practice are discussed. Abstract 3D printing content, which has been increasingly shared through the open communities over the last decade, has both aesthetic and functional features. There has been growing concern over whether current licensing policies provide sufficient options for contributors to the open communities. To suggest a direction for alternative license options, it is necessary to understand contributors' license preferences for sharing diverse 3D printing content. Using a logit model based on information collected from Thingiverse, this study investigates the relationship between the various features of 3D printing content and contributors' choices among the Creative Commons licenses currently available. The result indicates that preferences are clearly distinguished by the features of the content, whether the content is functional or non-functional in nature. However, there is no significant difference, in terms of license choice, for the numerous 3D printing content items that contain both functional and non-functional features. This result implies that there is a deficiency in the current licenses that cover 3D printing content. Implications for future license policies are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long winter time and the harsh outdoor environment cause many inconveniences of the outdoor activities to urban residents in severe cold areas. Therefore, it is urgent to study and improve the thermal environment in urban residential streets. This paper focuses on winter thermal environment of streets in open communities of northern China, by carrying out field measurements according to the characteristics of cold climate and urban residential areas. The results show that the aspect ratios of streets can directly affect their thermal environment. With the aspect ratio increases, the air temperature decreases and the wind speed increases. At the same time, facade openings can make the average globe temperature significantly increased in the streets. This paper provides basic data for the further study of thermal environment in urban streets and the optimization design of street spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Considering the situation of traffic congestion and degeneration of living environment of communities brought about by sprawl of urban diseases, this context extracts statistics from a residential land (3.26km 2 ) in Wuhan using spatial data analysis software (Arc GIS), combined with on-site-collected resident trips and the matrix (OD) of traffic capacity with the assistance of traffic simulation software (Trans CAD), to predict and analyze the equilibrium between traffic generation and attraction, so as to build up the matrix of trip volume of the objective year (2020) and acquire traffic assigning parameter. Development intensity and degree of units in communities and other factors are also included to conduct the visual assessment. The conclusion can be drawn as the followings: 1) hour spent in open communities is less and waiting line is shorter than that in gated communities, so that the cost will be reduced. 2) In open communities the V/C (degree of saturation of road) ≤1.2 while in gated communities the result is ≤1.8, which indicate the rise of road capacity and level of service, as well as the relief of traffic congestion. 3) There is a connection between the planning area and spatial units in communities. Adjacent units are positive correlated: communities near the junction in the southeast are highly aggregated and trip volume of residents is large while communities near the junction in the northwest relatively loosely gathered and trip volume of residents is smaller, which means choosing roads in the northwest during peaks in the morning and evening is a feasible way to avoid traffic congestion. Aggregation is not that obvious communities in the middle than the others’. The results demonstrate the practicability and significance of assessment methods of this essay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long winter time and the harsh outdoor environment cause many inconveniences of the outdoor activities to urban residents in severe cold areas. Therefore, it is urgent to study and improve the thermal environment in urban residential streets. This paper focuses on winter thermal environment of streets in open communities of northern China, by carrying out field measurements according to the characteristics of cold climate and urban residential areas. The results show that the aspect ratios of streets can directly affect their thermal environment. With the aspect ratio increases, the air temperature decreases and the wind speed increases. At the same time, facade openings can make the average globe temperature significantly increased in the streets. This paper provides basic data for the further study of thermal environment in urban streets and the optimization design of street spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]