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Introduction: stroke is a clinical syndrome consisting of rapidly developing clinical signs of focal or global disturbance of cerebral function. Antioxidants are the exogenous or endogenous compounds acting by scavenging reactive oxygen species or their precursors, inhibiting reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and binding metal ions needed for catalysis of ROS generation. Our objective was to compare the lipid profile, fasting and post prandial blood sugar and the markers of lipid peroxidation (malonaldehyde and Paraoxonase1) in non-diabetic stroke patients with healthy controls and to evaluate the correlation between the lipid parameters with markers of lipid peroxidation in those patients Materials and methods: 100 diagnosed stroke patients from Neurology OPD and IPD, were compared with 100 age matched healthy controls. Estimation of lipid profile parameters and fasting and post prandial blood sugar were done by Autoanalyzer using standardized kits. Estimation of serum malonaldehyde was done by based on the principle of utilization of Thiobarbituric acid. Serum Paraoxonase1 activity was estimated using paranitrophenylacetate substrate Result: among the lipid profile parameters, HDL was significantly lower (p<0.001) and LDL was significantly higher among stroke patients. Serum Malonaldehyde level was significantly increased and PON1 activity were significantly decreased in stroke patients in comparison to healthy individuals. Significant positive correlation between HDL and PON1 and negative correlation between LDL and PON1 were found Conclusion: low level of PON1 activity and increased level of malonaldehyde was found in stroke patients indicating imbalance between free radical generation and its scavenging action [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tobacco is one of the main etiological factors for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). CYP1B1 is an enzyme which plays a major role in the phase I detoxification of tobacco, the byproducts of which are subsequently detoxified by phase II enzymes Glutathione S Transferase (GST). We attempted to evaluate the L432V polymorphism and tissue expression of CYP1B1, along with the oxidant-antioxidant status in OSCC progression model. Tissue biopsies and blood samples were collected from the subjects; L432V polymorphism was evaluated by TaqMan RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry was performed on the tissue sample using CYP1B1 polyclonal primary antibody and Allred quick scoring system was used to evaluate the stained slides. Malonaldehyde (MDA) and GST activity were measured spectrophotometrically to assess oxidative-antioxidative status. When the L432V polymorphism was analyzed, it was observed that in oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and OSCC, CG was more common than GG genotype. Highest mean Allred score was observed in tobacco users (6.27), highest GST activity was seen in oral epithelial dysplasia (5.006 U/ml) and highest MDA activity was observed in OSCC (1553.94 nm/ml). Tobacco users with CG and GG genotypes are at equal risk of developing oral epithelial dysplasia or OSCC and L432V polymorphism does not appear to increase the risk of malignant transformation in oral epithelial dysplasia. Moreover, tobacco users with GG genotype and tissue expression of CYP1B1 may be at a greater risk of oxidative damage. [Display omitted] • L432V polymorphism, expression of CYP1B1, and oxidant-antioxidant status were investigated in OSCC progression model. • Tobacco users with CG and GG genotypes have an equal risk of developing epithelial dysplasia (OED) or OSCC. • L432V polymorphism does not significantly increase the risk of malignant transformation in OED. • Tobacco users with the GG genotype may be at a higher risk of oxidative damage compared to those with the CG genotype. • Gradual increase in glutathione S-transferase activity reported from healthy controls to OED, and decreases in OSCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rhodiola rosea has been used as a traditional medicine for a long history. Previous studies on oligomeric proanthocyanidins from Rhodiola rosea (OPCRR) have showed that it exhibited significant free radical-scavenging activities, antioxidant activities in aging mice and lipid lowering effects.Hypothesis/purpose: We hypothesized that OPCRR can improve the atherosclerosis pathological in rats. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OPCRR on the serum lipid profiles, oxidant stress status, inflammatory cytokines and atherosclerotic mediators, and endothelial dysfunction as well as changes in abdominal aorta of atherosclerosis rats.Methods: The major components of OPCRR were analyzed by using infrared spectrum and HPLC-ESI-MS. The atherosclerosis rat model was induced by high fat and vitamin D3 feeding for 9 weeks and two OPCRR doses (60 and 120 mg/kg b.w.) were orally administered daily for 9 weeks. The rats were then sacrificed and the blood was collected via abdominal aorta and serum was separated by centrifugated for biochemical analysis. Part of the aorta tissues were excised immediately for histopathological examination and western blotting.Results: Compared to model group, OPCRR treatments significantly decreased the serum lipid profiles including total cholesterol, total triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and ox-LDL and increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C); significant increased serum antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-Px) and decrease of MDA content as a product of lipid peroxidation; lowered serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 and enhanced IL-10 level; increased the serum release of nitric oxide and expression of iNOS in aortic, whereas decreased the expression of eNOS.Conclusion: OPCRR can improve the progress of atherosclerosis by regulation of lipid metabolism, restoring of the antioxidant capacities, and attenuation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemcytokines release, and improving the endothelial dysfunction indicated by nitric oxide system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background In diabetes mellitus, uncontrolled hyperglycemia has been reported to induce oxidative stress, which may lead to health complications. Vitamin D, however, acts as a non-enzymatic antioxidant to protect cells against oxidative stress and damage. Objective To investigate the antioxidative effect of vitamin D combined with calcium in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Methods Rats were divided into four groups (ten rats in each group). The first group (control) received a normal diet and water. The second group, including STZ-induced diabetic rats (diabetic controls), received a normal diet and water. The third group, also including STZ-induced diabetic rats, received vitamin D (2000 IU/day) with calcium (500 mg/kg/day) orally for 28 consecutive days. The fourth group consisted of STZ-induced diabetic rats that received insulin treatment for 28 consecutive days. Activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPO) and catalase were measured in the liver tissues. The level of malonaldehyde (MDA) was measured in the plasma. Results Diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared to normal rats. Oral administration of vitamin D with calcium to diabetic rats caused a significant increase in the activities of SOD, GPO and catalase compared with the untreated group. Furthermore, the plasma level of MDA was significantly elevated in diabetic rats compared to normal rats. Diabetic rats treated with vitamin D and calcium had a significantly reduced level of MDA, suggesting that vitamin D with calcium played a vital role in the protection of tissues from damage by free radicals. Conclusion Oral supplementation with vitamin D and calcium may be a useful treatment for diabetic patients to reduce/prevent the pathological complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the resonance assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) theory, the π-electron delocalization (π-ED) promotes the intramolecular hydrogen bond (IMHB). Since the relation between the IMHB and π-ED are not well known, in the present work, the linear correlations between the descriptors of π-ED and estimated IMHB energies were systematically investigated. In this regard, the significance of π-ED in chelated forms of the benchmark systems by various descriptors, such as λ, λ′, HOMA, NICS, PDI, ATI, FLU and FLUπ were evaluated. On the other hand, the IMHB energy of RAHB units by some adopted models, such as RRM, RBM, GCM, IRM and OCM are estimated. Furthermore, we explored all of the possible linear correlations between the π-ED indices and various IMHB energies to judge about the performance of RAHB theory. According to our results, it was found that there are great liner correlations between the RRM, RBM and GCM than IRM and OCM methods with some of the π-electron delocalization indices; RRM: λ′ > FLU > λ > HOMA > FLUπ ≈ ATI > PDI > NICS(1) > NICS(0) RBM: λ′ > λ > HOMA > FLU > FLUπ > ATI > PDI > NICS(1) > NICS(0) GCM: λ′ ≈ HOMA > λ > PDI > FLU > FLUπ > NICS(1) > ATI > NICS(0). Surprisingly, the bond order factor of Gilli (λ′), which introduced similar to λ, has the best linear relationship with the IMHB energies. Consequently, the linear coefficients between the RRM, RBM and GCM energies with HOMA, λ and λ′ descriptors are in agreement with the RAHB theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the good effects of flavonoids from scutellaria baicalensis georgi on neuron dysfunction, memory, and metabolite disruption after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats. It mentions that 32 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly selected to establish the model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. It shows that such flavonoids have beneficial effects on ischemic brain disease treatment.

Objective: Elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) has a higher risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. However, changes of homocysteine (Hcy) as markers of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease associated with OSAHS and their mechanism have not been elucidated so far. This study aims to investigate the changes of both serum Hcy and oxidative stress and their possible links with OSAHS in elderly patients. Methods: Based on polysomnogram (PSG) and age, 83 patients with OSAHS were recruited and divided into elderly-OSAHS (n=32) and non-elderly OSAHS groups (n=51). Fifty two subjects without OSAHS were divided into elderly control (n=29) and non-elderly control groups (n=23). A total of 135 subjects were included in the present study. All subjects were recorded for PSG variables and the contents of homocysteine (Hcy), malonaldehyde (MDA), and glutathione (GSH) which were detected after sleep. Serum homocysteine was measured by cyclophorase. MDA and GSH were measured by spectrophotometer. Results: (1) The serum levels of Hcy showed significant difference among the four groups (P<0.05). The concentrations of Hcy in elderly OSAHS patients were higher than in other groups, while those in the elderly control group were higher than in the non-elderly control; the concentrations in the non-elderly OSAHS group were higher than in the non-elderly control. (2) The concentrations of MDA and GSH changed at an equal pace with Hcy in the four groups. (3) Multielement linearity regression analysis indicated a statistically significant relationship between Hcy concentration and age, MDA, GSH, and apnea hypopnea index (AHI). Conclusions: (1) The concentrations of Hcy and oxidative stress have increased with advancing age. (2) The concentrations of Hcy and oxidative stress have further increased in the elderly patients with OSAHS. (3) Oxidative stress might cause high-level serum Hcy in the elderly patients with OSAHS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a study on the effect of bleeding on lipid oxidation in the chub mackerel muscle. The major cause of quality deterioration in fish muscle is lipid oxidation, and hemoglobin affects in the lipid oxidation of fish and meat products. Two killing methods were used for fish samples, by struggling death in iced water and instant death by mechanical bleeding using machine. After storage, the malonaldehyde contents in the muscles of the bleeding sample were higher than the control.

The article reports on the experiment conducted to study the effects of salt on the formation of aldehydes in yellowtail meat. The aldehydes in particular are 4-hydroxy-2-hexenal (HHE) and malonaldehyde (MA) which are formed during lipid peroxidation, one of the major causes of meat deterioration. The results showed that salt increased the lipid oxidation in the yellowtail meat.

The article discusses the results of a study which examined the effect of bleeding on hemoglobin contents and lipid oxidation in the muscle of skipjack fish. The skipjack samples were killed using two different methods, struggling death in ice sea water and instant death by mechanical bleeding. The hemoglobin content in the bled muscles was lower than that in the control samples. 4-hydroxyhexenal content in the bled muscle was lower than that in the control samples over two days of storage.