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As a kind of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated therapy, sonodynamic therapy (SDT) has attracted great interest in cancer therapy. However, highly efficient and biocompatible sonosensitizers are urgently required to improve the therapeutic efficiency of SDT. In this work, Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 MXenes were controllably synthesized as good sonosensitizers through interface engineering by regulating the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aqueous solution. The as-prepared Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 MXene possessed a narrow band gap of 2.37 eV with promoted charge carrier transformation and efficient electron-hole separation. Compared with pure TiO 2 sonosensitizers, the Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 MXene displayed higher US-triggered reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation efficiency. In addition, the structurally maintained Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 possessed good photothermal conversion efficiency and the laser irradiation could greatly improve the electron-hole pair separation efficiency to further increase the ROS generation capability. After modification with arginyl–glycyl–aspartic (RGD) peptide, the Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 -RGD could efficiently accumulate in the tumor sites and achieve effective PTT enhanced SDT to eliminate tumors after intravenous injection without causing appreciable long-term toxicity. Therefore, this work presented a new way to construct safe sonosensitizers for enhanced SDT and the as-prepared Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 -RGD displayed good potential for further clinical translation. To achieve superior tumor treatment, the nanosized TiO 2 /Ti 3 C 2 heterostructure was controllably synthesized through interface engineering by regulating the dissolved oxygen concentration of the aqueous solution using inert gas. The oxidation-optimized Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 MXene possessed good sonodynamic performance with a narrow band gap of 2.37 eV and good photothermal conversion efficiency of 47.3% with structurally maintained Ti 3 C 2 MXene. Additionally, the laser irradiation could greatly improve the electron-hole pair separation efficiency to further boost sonodynamic performance of Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 MXene. Encouragingly, the Ar-Ti 3 C 2 -TiO 2 -RGD could efficiently accumulate in the tumor sites and achieve effective PTT enhanced SDT to eliminate tumors. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric films with ultra-high energy storage density and efficiency are urgently needed due to the energy crisis. Here, we construct novel ferroelectric/dead-layer/superparaelectric (FE/DL/SPE) double-heterojunction capacitors, utilizing interface and dead-layer engineering to achieve outstanding energy storage performance. Bi 0.9 Sm 0.1 Fe 0.9 Co 0.05 Zn 0.05 O 3 (BSFCZ) with large polarization, Ba 0.985 Na 0.015 Ti 0.95 Ni 0.05 O 3 (BNTN) with low hysteresis and high breakdown strength (E b), and artificial Al 0.9 Ga 0.1 O 3 (AGO) with wide band-gap were chosen as the FE, SPE, and DL phases, respectively. Interface engineering enables the BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN films to maintain a high polarization of 55 μC cm−2, while the linear dielectric AGO and SPE BNTN substantially suppresses the remnant polarization. This can be clarified by the evolution of domains in the BSFCZ layer: nanodomains are scaled down to polar clusters, reducing polarization hysteresis while maintaining relatively high polarization. Simultaneously, two opposing intrinsic electric fields are formed to offset a portion of the external electric field, and the low dielectric constant AGO layer bears a significant part of the applied electric field due to electromagnetic boundary conditions. Consequently, the E b is significantly increased from 4.4 MV cm−1 of BSFCZ/BNTN to 5.5 MV cm−1 of BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN, resulting in a giant recoverable energy density of 132 J cm−3 and a high efficiency of 84 % in BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN films. Moreover, the BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN films excel in temperature stability (RT∼200 °C), fatigue resistance (up to 107 cycles), and frequency stability (200 Hz to 20 kHz), alongside an exceptionally rapid discharge rate of 2.6 μs. This innovative approach suggests new possibilities for producing environmentally friendly, large-area, high-performance dielectric capacitors. [Display omitted] • Novel FE/DL/SPE double-heterojunction capacitors are constructed with high energy storage performance. • Giant W rec of 132 J cm−3 and high η of 84 % is achieved in BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN films. • The films exhibit excellent temperature, fatigue resistance and frequency stability. • The BSFCZ/AGO/BNTN films exhibit ultrafast discharge time of 2.6 μs. • Synergistic effect of interface and dead-layer engineering contribute to high performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial engineering via controlled crosslinking at perovskite surface is of significance to address the interfacial loss in inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs), while is unfortunately impeded by the unsatisfied interfacial charge extraction and transfer owing to the inherent low conductivity of the formed crosslinked network. We herein propose and validate a strategy of interfacial crosslinking benzimidazolium (ICB) that is capable of reducing the surface residual strain of perovskite and improving the interfacial carrier transfer, leading to a new benchmark of power conversion efficiency (PCE) up to 25.30 % in inverted PSCs, as well as 21.73 % in inverted PSC modules (6 × 6 cm²). Such the ICB network also results in sustainable PSCs and modules with superior stability even under various harsh conditions, e.g. suppressing lead leakage of PSCs with the rate of 83.6 %, maintaining the initial efficiency of 90 % after 1200 h of continuous heating at 85 °C, and 92.8 % of its pristine efficiency over 1200 h of continuous irradiation. We thus believe that present work demonstrates the potential of ionic molecules crosslinking at interfaces for high performance inverted PSCs. [Display omitted] • Multifunctional benzimidazolium crosslinking on perovskite films to passivate defects and suppress lead leakage. • Crosslinked benzimidazolium network boosts interfacial charge extraction and reduces surface strain in perovskite films. • Interfacial crosslinking strategy enabled inverted modules to achieve 21.73% efficiency with excellent stability [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advanced oxidation technology based on persulfate activation has caused extensive concern in the field of wastewater treatment. Nevertheless, this new technology is limited to the low catalytic efficiency and poor recovery of powder catalysts. Herein, we successfully synthesized MoS 2 surface-supported CoFe 2 O 4 nanoparticles composite catalyst employing a simple hydrothermal method. Compared with other systems, the performance of TC degradation was significantly improved by CoFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 /PS system. Additionally, the influence of solution pH, catalyst dosage, PS dosage, and co-existing ions on the degradation process were studied. Both free radical (O 2 •−, •OH, SO 4 •−) and non-free radical (1O 2) pathways coexisted in the catalytic degradation of TC on the account of radicals quenching experiments and electron spin resonance (ESR) technique. Additionally, the degradation pollutants were confirmed to display obvious decrease in toxicity based on microbial toxicology tests. Besides, CoFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 nanocomposite displays good magnetic recovery performance due to the introduction of CoFe 2 O 4. In summary, this research provides a solid foundation for the application of magnetic CoFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 nanocomposite in the treatment of antibiotic wastewater. [Display omitted] • CoFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 , as a magnetic material, is conducive to subsequent recovery and reuse. • The synergistic effect of CoFe 2 O 4 and MoS 2 is the main factor in improving the degradation efficiency of TC. • Both free radicals and non-free radical act as important roles in the CoFe 2 O 4 /MoS 2 /PS system for the degradation of antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper-based triboelectric nanogenerators (PB-TENGs) satisfied the requirement of sustainability and aroused great research interests, however how to improve their outputs still remains as a huge challenge. Most of the reported strategies to enhance the performance of PB-TENG focused on the chemical modification of the friction layers (FL), which may be restricted by the high-cost and cumbersome protocols being required. In this work, a general strategy of interface engineering to boost the outputs of the PB-TENG was proposed and validated by employing graphene composite paper (GC-paper) as electrodes. At the beginning, the hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) and Ecoflex were cured as separated films and used as friction layers, which were adhered with copper or GC-paper electrodes. The PB-TENG device can be obtained and possesses acceptable performance. Subsequently, we were surprised to find that the outputs of the PB-TENG largely increased by coating the FLs on the GC-paper rather than adhering. The maximum open-circuit voltage jumped from 300 V to 734 V, and the maximum short-circuit current boosted from 3.4 µA to 8.7 µA. This phenomenon may be ascribed to an interface effect between the FLs and electrodes, which enhanced the electrostatic induction. The strategy of this interface engineering was also proved to be general for other PB-TENG devices with various friction materials. Therefore, it may pave a way for the development of sustainable TENG devices with high performance. [Display omitted] • The output of the paper-based triboelectric nanogenerator (PB-TENG) was boosted. • A general strategy of interface fusion was demonstrated for the high performance. • The interface fusion was realized by coating frication layers on graphene-paper. • The PB-TENG was successfully used for energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering is verified as an efficient strategy for enhancing the intrinsic activity of transition metal-based electrocatalysts in alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Here, the heterostructural MoO 2 /Ni 3 S 2 nanorod arrays fabricated on nickel foam (MoO 2 /Ni 3 S 2 /NF) are produced by a straightforward and effective hydrothermal approach. Benefiting from interfacial effect and self-supported structure, MoO 2 /Ni 3 S 2 /NF electrocatalyst exhibits remarkable HER catalytic properties and durability with a low overpotential of 74.0 mV for achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M KOH, as well as a long-term stability without obvious attenuation. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal electron transfer at the interface domain reduces the energy barrier of the water dissociation step and optimizes H adsorption capability, thereby expediting HER kinetics in alkaline media. This work provides a viable strategy based on interfacial engineering for designing high-efficient HER electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] ● The self-supported heterostructure MoO 2 /Ni 3 S 2 /NF nanorod arrays were synthesized. ● Interface engineering modulate the electronic structure within interface region. ● Electronic effect reduces water dissociation barrier and optimizes H adsorption. ● The MoO 2 /Ni 3 S 2 /NF exhibits excellent HER catalytic performance and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This study presents a perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM]PF6) interface modification layer. • The ionic liquid facilitates dynamic interactions at the interface, enhancing the conductivity of NiOx, aligning energy levels with the PVK, and consequently facilitating charge injection and extraction. • The optimized PSC device achieved an impressive photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.11 % and a current density of 25.23 mA/cm2, demonstrating excellent stability. • The modified film maintained over 75% of its initial efficiency for more than 800 h. This study presents a novel strategy for enhancing perovskite solar cells (PSCs) by employing 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([EMIM]PF6) as an interface modification layer. The authors systematically investigated the impact of this ionic liquid on device efficiency enhancement, as well as on the optical and electronic characteristics of perovskite (PVK) films and NiOx/[EMIM]PF6/(Cs 0.1 FA 0.81 MA 0.09 PbI 2.86 Br 0.14) perovskite interfaces, utilizing various characterization techniques. The results demonstrate that the ionic liquid facilitates dynamic interactions at the interface, enhancing the conductivity of NiOx, aligning energy levels with the PVK, and consequently facilitating charge injection and extraction. The authors' optimized PSC device achieved an impressive Photovoltaic Conversion Efficiency (PCE) of 22.11 % and a current density of 25.23 mA/cm2, demonstrating excellent stability. Notably, the modified film maintained over 75 % of its initial efficiency for more than 800 h. This work presents a straightforward and efficient approach to developing cost-effective, stable, and efficient PSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aqueous hybrid supercapacitor (AHSC) based on ammonium ion (NH 4 +) is an interesting energy storage device with excellent properties. However, the scarcity of appropriate and effective cathode materials limited its practicality. Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal nitrides, carbides, or carbonitrides (MXenes) show potential as cathode materials, but their low capacitance limits their applicability. Here, we synthesized N-functionalized 2D MXene (Ti 3 C 2 T x) with Ti 2 N interface engineering (Ti 2 N/Ti 3 C 2 T x), which displayed not only superior capacitance and rate capability but also a cycling stability than pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x. Ex-situ XRD and XPS were used to study the charge storage mechanism at the interface of Ti 2 N/Ti 3 C 2 T x. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) calculations were employed to validate the superior conductivity at the interface of the Ti 2 N/Ti 3 C 2 T x (T x = OH) electrode. Moreover, AHSC was assembled with the Ti 2 N/Ti 3 C 2 T x as cathode, and activated carbon as anode possesses outstanding energy storage performance. This study not only elucidates the charge storage process of Ti 2 N/Ti 3 C 2 T x but also provides new insights for designing novel cathode materials for energy storage devices. [Display omitted] • The interface engineering between Ti2N and Ti3C2Tx has been developed and analyzed. • The created electric field at the interface promoted ions transport phenomenon. • Ex-situ XRD/XPS have been used to probe the charge storage mechanism. • The experimental results have been verified by using DFT calculations. • The Ti2N/Ti3C2Tx was utilized in both two- and three-electrode setup for NH4 + ion storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stabilizing zinc anode is a systematic project for aqueous zinc ion batteries (ZIBs), which needs to solve many problems such as dendrite growth, corrosion, hydrogen evolution, and other side reactions. It is urgent to develop a protective layer for zinc anode to solve these problems at one time. Based on the results of calculation, a hydrophobic multifunctional fluorinated carbon dots (F-CDs) protective layer with three kinds of zincophilic groups (-C O, -CHO and -F) was constructed on the Zn anode surface. As expected, these zincophilic groups on the F-CDs layer functioned as zincophilic sites to achieve uniform Zn deposition. Especially, the -F group could in-situ promote the formation of ZnF 2 under the F-CDs layer and the ZnF 2 layer is usually considered as a solid Zn2+ conductor layer to further even Zn deposition. Additionally, the experimental results also demonstrated that the F-CDs layer coupled with in-situ generated ZnF 2 interlayer can not only tackle above issues in an integrated way, but also induce the deposition of Zn on the preferred (002) plane. Therefore, the Zn@F-CDs anode exhibits an ultra-long cycling life over 3500 h at 1 mA cm–2, together with an excellent average coulombic efficiency (99.32% for over 1100 h) in half cells. [Display omitted] • The mutifunctional layer inhibit Zn dendrites and side reactions simultaneously. • F-CDs layers with three kinds of zincophilic groups achieve uniform Zn deposition. • the -F group on the F-CDs layer benefit to the in-situ formation of ZnF 2 interlayer. • Symmetric cells display low voltage hysteresis and excellent stability over 3500 h. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic quantum dot (QD) light-emitting diodes (AI-QLEDs) with excellent stability received enormous interest in the past few years. Nevertheless, the vast energy offset and the high trap density at the NiO X /QDs interface limit hole injection leading to fluorescence quenching and hampering the performance. Here, we present self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with phosphonic acid (PA) anchoring groups modifying NiO X hole transport layer (HTL) to tune energy level and passivate trap states. This strategy facilitates hole injection owning to the well-aligned energy level by interface dipole, downshifting the vacuum level, reducing the hole injection barrier from 0.94 eV to 0.28 eV. Meanwhile, it mitigates the interfacial recombination by passivating surface hydroxyl group (-OH) and oxygen vacancy (V O) traps in NiO X. The electron leakage from QDs toward NiO X HTL is significantly suppressed. The all-inorganic R-QLEDs exhibit one of the highest maximum luminance, external quantum efficiency and operational lifetime of 88980 cd m−2, 10.3 % and 335045 h (T 50 @100 cd m−2), respectively. The as-proposed interface engineering provides an effective design principle for high-performance AI-QLEDs for future outdoor and optical projection-type display applications. [Display omitted] • SAMs with phosphonic acid (PA) anchoring groups modify NiO X to reduce the hole barrier from 0.94 eV to 0.28 eV. • The PA passivates surface-OH and fill oxygen vacancy traps in NiO X , reducing the quenching of QDs at the interface. • The 2D GIXRD demonstrated improved QD film quality on the SAMs-modify-NiO X hole transport layer. • The QLEDs exhibit one of the highest external quantum efficiency and lifetime of 10.3 % and 335045 h (T 50 @100 cd m-2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the success of solution processed nickel oxide (s-NiO x) as the hole transporting layer (HTL) in organic solar cells, applying s-NiO x in perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) is not that straight forward. The reported power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the s-NiO x based PVSCs span a wide range from 8% to over 20% even with a similar recipe. Here, we report that one of the causes for the performance discrepancy might be the large surface dipole on the s-NiO x surface. We find that the perovskite deposited on the as-prepared sol-gel derived s-NiO x has large number of defects at the s-NiO x /perovskite interface. Based on the in-depth mechanism study with various spectroscopy techniques, we propose that the strong surface dipole of the s-NiO x composite film induces adhesion of perovskite precursor ions on the surface of s-NiO x during the perovskite film formation and creates defects in the perovskite crystals at the interface. Such interfacial dipole-ion attachment has been demonstrated can be dissociated by ultraviolet (UV) light soaking experiment. The high energy of the UV light helps to dissociate the physical dipole-ion attachment and mobilize the ions to accommodate the perovskite defect sites. The defect density of the perovskite film on s-NiO x has been significantly reduced by an amount of 4.1 × 1017 cm−3 after the UV light soaking as evidenced by photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) measurement. By treating the s-NiO x surface with a dipolar molecule n-Butylamine, the surface dipole of the s-NiO x film is efficiently reduced and it significantly reduces the defect density in the perovskite film. As a result, the PVSCs based on the n-Butylamine treated s-NiO x layer have achieved a dramatical enhancement in PCE to 18.9% with decent stability at the maximum power point tracking. It is believed that this work provides insight and strategy to develop highly reproducible PVSCs with solution derived metal oxide as interlayers. Image 1 • The surface dipole in NiO x is found to affect the crystallization and performance of perovskite solar cells. • The defect density in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film has reduced after reducing the surface dipole in NiO x. • The perovskite solar cell based on the modified NiO x layer achieves a PCE of 18.9% with decent stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals which exhibit discrete energy levels. They are promising building blocks for optoelectronic devices, thanks to their tunable band structure. Here, we explore a nanoengineering approach to highlight the influence of an alloyed interface on the optical and electronic properties of CdSe/(CdS) 6 "giant" core/shell (CS) QDs by introducing CdSe x S 1-x interfacial layers between core and shell. By incorporating of CdSe x S 1-x interfacial layers, CdSe/(CdSe x S 1-x) 4 /(CdS) 2 (x = 0.5) core/shell (CSA1) QDs exhibit a broader absorption response towards longer wavelength and higher electron-hole transfer rate due to favorable electronic band alignment with respect to CS QDs, as confirmed by optical absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and transient fluorescence spectroscopic measurements. In addition, simulations of spatial probability distributions show that the interface layer enhances electron-hole spatial overlap. As a result, CSA1 QDs sensitized solar cells (QDSCs) yield a maximum photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.52%, which is 79% higher than QDSCs based on reference CS QDs. To fully demonstrate the structural interface engineering approach, the CdSe x S 1-x interfacial layers were further engineered by tailoring the selenium (Se) and sulfur (S) molar ratios during in situ growth of each interfacial layer. This graded alloyed CdSe/(CdSe x S 1-x) 5 /(CdS) 1 (x = 0.9–0.1) core/shell (CSA2) QDs show a further broadening of the absorption spectrum, higher carrier transport rate and modified confinement potential with respect to CSA1 QDs as well as reference CS QDs, yielding a PCE of 7.14%. Our findings define a promising approach to improve the performance of QDSCs and other optoelectronic devices based on CS QDs. Graphical abstract Interfacial engineering of "giant" core/shell (CS) QDs by the incorporation of CdSe x S 1-x interfacial layers as well as tailoring the selenium and sulfur molar ratios during the in-situ growth of each interfacial layer, shows broader absorption, higher electron-hole transfer rate and modified confinement potential with respect to CS QDs, yielding a photoconversion efficiency (PCE) of 7.14%. These findings demonstrate that the interfacial engineering of "giant" CS QDs is a promising approach to improve the performance of energy conversion devices based on QDs. fx1 Highlights • Interfacial engineering of QDs builds a favorable stepwise electronic band alignment. • The graded alloyed QDs exhibit a broad absorption response toward a longer wavelength. • The incorporation of engineered interfacial layers enhances the electron-hole transfer rate. • QDSC based on graded alloyed QDs yields a maximum PCE of 7.14%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional ZnO micro/nanocrystals having high optical gain, self-constructed microcavity and large-bandgap, is the largest potential constituent for constructing droop-free and high-brightness ultraviolet light sources. In this study, we reported a workable scheme to construct high-monochromatic ultraviolet electroluminescence devices including a Ga-doped ZnO microwire decoated with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs@ZnO:Ga MW), an AlN electron blocking layer and p-GaN layer substrate. The device exhibits a robust narrow-band ultraviolet electroluminescence peaking at around 374.8 nm and a narrowing bandwidth ∼ 13.5 nm. The electroluminescence profile is comparable with photoluminescence spectrum of ZnO:Ga MW. The device properties can be interpreted by the working mechanism of plasmonic effects, heterojunction interface engineering and optimization strategies. The AlN intermediate layer appeared in the optimized device enables effectively to tune the paths of current traveling and carrier recombination, yielding the band-edge luminescence of ZnO:Ga MW. As the device is further modified using PtNPs with desired plasmons, the optimization of heterojunction interface is significantly boosted, like the observable enhancement of holes injection efficiency, electroluminescence efficiency and interface contact, etc. Thereby, the boosted band-edge luminescence of ZnO:Ga MW can contribute to the well-being of the enhanced ultraviolet electroluminescence in our constructed LED devices. The findings are looking forward to bringing new opportunities toward the implementation of ultra-bright and high-efficiency narrow-band ultraviolet light sources, especially for the achievement of electrically-pumped microlaser devices. • High-monochromatic ultraviolet LED based on a ZnO:Ga MW heterostructure was realized. • AlN interlayer enables to engineering band alignment of ZnO:Ga/GaN heterojunction, achieving ZnO:Ga band-edge transition. • Current flows dominated by holes tunneling are boosted dramatically through optimizing heterointerface via PtNPs. • Combining AlN interlayer and PtNPs enables to achieve high-performance ZnO:Ga/GaN heterojunction LEDs. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the realm of material engineering, the emergence of layered double hydroxides (LDH) with their exceptional hierarchical arrangements has sparked immense interest, positioning them as promising contenders for avant-garde implementations. However, designing well-defined LDH-based anticorrosion systems with excellent activity and robust stability at the industrial grade remains a serious challenge in practical applications. In this vein, an interface engineering controlled by layer-by-layer protection strategy was applied to construct three-dimensional (3D) hybrid material grown on Mg alloy as a highly efficient functional anti-corrosive coating. The present work unveils a new chitosan (CS) Schiff-base nature-inspired network, crafted to transcend the capabilities of porous MgO coating through the application of pulsed plasma electrolysis (PPE). Moreover, an ingenious strategy is proposed, involving the direct synthesis of LDH, serving as an exemplary foundation to augment the electrochemical proficiency, thereby transforming it into a purposeful film that excels in electron transport. Guided by this fabrication strategy, it is found that the resulting architecture not only exposes enriched active sites with an outstanding performance but also exhibits exceptional stability. This work provides fresh insight into the design of advanced hybrid materials suggesting a promising avenue that is expected to support next-generation anti-corrosion engineering development. • A molecular self-assembly of functionalized chitosan polymer is reported to create the sheet-like structure. • The sheet-like structure interacts with the LDH film through a range of inter- and intra-molecular interactions. • The as-prepared composite demonstrates outstanding anti-corrosion functional activity along with robust stability. • Quantum chemical theory explores the interfacial mechanism between modified polymer and LDH-MgO layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering is one of the key strategies to modify the intrinsic electronic structures of catalysts and consequently improve the electrochemical activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in the cathodes of the energy conversion devices such as fuel cells and metal-air batteries. Herein, we proposed the mixed-phase mullite (A x Sm 1−x Mn 2 O 5-δ , x = 0–0.5, A=Ca, Sr, Ba), prepared by facile one-step co-precipitation method, to catalyze the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra show that each mixture includes three phases, i.e., mullite SmMn 2 O 5 , O-deficient perovskite AMnO 3-δ and MnO x . Atomic bonding interfaces are formed between SmMn 2 O 5 and AMnO 3-δ , based on the observations of the high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Among these different mixed-phase samples, we find that Ba x Sm 1−x Mn 2 O 5-δ /C exhibits the best ORR catalytic activity with the half-wave potential ~ 0.79 V (vs. RHE) and the highest stability over 20,000 s. This performance can be ascribed to the largest charge transfer from BaMnO 2.83 to SmMn 2 O 5 . Subsequently, partial Mn 4+ in mullite SmMn 2 O 5 phase are reduced to active sites Mn 3+ to achieve the e g unit occupancy in the interfacial depletion region. In comparison with the reactions over pure-phase mullite SmMn 2 O 5, these transferred electrons are involved into ORR and thus accelerate the proceeding. Our work thus provides insights into designing heterogeneous compound catalysts via interfacing engineering in the applications of the electrochemical oxygen reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) because of low-cost fabrication and high performance have shown superb potential for the next-generation photovoltaic application. For the potential applications of photovoltaic technologies, semitransparent PSCs are also highly attractive and of commercial interest to develop building- and tandem-integrated solar cells. Here, we present fully-ambient-processed stable and mesoscopic semitransparent PSCs by non-continuous islands-structure-CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3-x Cl x -NiO nanoparticles (MAPbI 3-x Cl x -NiO NPs) composite and interface engineering by inserting Al 2 O 3 /NiO between TiO 2 and MAPbI 3-x Cl x -NiO composite layers in a device configuration of FTO/c-TiO 2 /mp-TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 /NiO/islands-structure-MAPbI 3-x Cl x -NiO /spiro-OMeTAD/Au. Except for the islands-structure-MAPbI 3-x Cl x -NiO capping layer, a uniform and thicker and transparent TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 /NiO/MAPbI 3-x Cl x composite layer is formed, which can effectively reduce photocurrent density loss and interface recombination. Interestingly, the optimized semitransparent PSCs showed hysteresis-free performance. The average visible transmittance (AVT) of MAPbI 3-x Cl x -NiO NPs composite film was ranged from 18% to 56% and the corresponding device PCE changed from 17.51% to 12.47%. The PSCs without encapsulation showed an excellent air stability over 270 days with retaining ~98% of its original V oc , ~96% of J sc , ~97% of FF and ~93% of PCE under ambient condition (25–30 ℃ and 45–50% humidity). Finally, we achieved semitransparent device of PCE = 10.06%, corresponding to AVT = 27%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybridization with conductive nanostructures has attracted intense research interest because of its high efficiency in the exploration of efficient energy-functional materials. In this study, we reported a high efficacy of substrate dimensionality control in optimizing the specific capacitance and phase stability of hybridized nanostructures. Employing defective holey TiN nanostructures as substrates was found to enhance the interfacial interactions with a hybridized layered double hydroxide (LDH). A comparative investigation of two-dimensional TiN-LDH nanohybrids with zero-dimensional/one-dimensional TiN-LDH homologs demonstrated that hybridization with holey two-dimensional TiN nanosheets led to a much greater specific capacitance of 2127 F g−1, which is one of the best performances among LDH-based electrodes ever-reported. In situ Raman analysis during electrochemical cycling clearly demonstrated that holey nanosheet morphology of TiN substrate is quite crucial in promoting the phase transition of hybridized Ni-Fe-LDH to NiOOH/FeOOH with the maximization of cation redox activities. These advantages of atomically thin holey TiN nanosheets could be ascribed to intimate electronic coupling at the bilateral interfaces of the two-dimensional LDH nanosheets, in addition to optimized porosity and improved mass transport. [Display omitted] • Interfacial engineering strategy via substrate dimensionality control is developed. • 2D holey TiN-LDH nanohybrid delivers enhanced supercapacitor electrode activity. • Holey TiN nanosheet acts as hybridization matrix to maximize interfacial coupling. • Phase stability and cation redox activity of LDH can be regulated by hybridization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earth-abundant, noble-metal-free catalysts with outstanding electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction catalytic activity in alkaline media play a key role in sustainable production of H 2 fuel. Herein, the novel three-dimensional Ni(OH) 2 /MoS 2 hybrid catalyst with synergistic effect has been synthesized by a facile approach for efficient alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction. Benefiting from abundant active interfaces, this hybrid catalyst shows high hydrogen evolution catalytic activity in 1 M KOH aqueous solution with an onset overpotential of 20 mV, an overpotential of 80 mV at 10 mA cm −2 and a Tafel slope of 60 mV dec −1 . Further theoretical calculations offers a deeper insight of the synergistic effect of Ni(OH) 2 /MoS 2 interface: Ni(OH) 2 provides the active sites for hydroxyl adsorption, and MoS 2 facilitates adsorption of hydrogen intermediates and H 2 generation. This interfacial cooperation leads to a favorable hydrogen and hydroxyl species energetics and reduce the energy barrier of the initial water dissociation step, which is the rate-limiting step of MoS 2 catalyst in alkaline media. The combination of experimental and theoretical investigations demonstrates that the sluggish alkaline hydrogen evolution process can be circumvented by rational catalysts interface engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional van der Waals layered materials display strong Coulomb interactions, which in turn give rise to large exciton binding energies. Tuning the interface is the basis of devices including optoelectrical, and their delineation is of paramount importance. The developed 2D-carbon nitrides, display graphene-like atomic structures, and the variation in synthetic protocols impact their properties. Engineering the interface with carbon nitride at hole transport layers and perovskite, can eliminate defective charge build-up and suppress the charge carrier recombination rate to induce accelerated photo-induced charge transfer. The fabricated solar cells with L-C 3 N 4 or g-C 3 N 4 interface layers gave an improved performance with boosted open-circuit voltage and fill factor. The developed interface layers avoid the direct contact of NiO x with perovskite, overcoming the possible instability of the active layer via iodide oxidation and deprotonation of cationic amines. The carbon nitride-based 2D materials will serve as an effective interfacial layer for long-term reliability in photovoltaics. [Display omitted] • engineering the interface by placing functionalized 2D-Materials in perovskite solar cells • generic route for reliability enhancement, maximum power point tracking shows substantial reliability for > 450 h • Reduced trap density and reduction of interfacial losses by placing 2D-materials • Interlayer avoids direct connection of NiO x to perovskites, which prompts iodide oxidation and deprotonate cationic amines (MA+) and compromises the reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphene-on-silicon (Gr/Si) Schottky junction solar cells have recently attracted considerable interest as promising candidates for low-cost photovoltaic applications. However, the efficiency of Gr/Si cells is still much lower than that of crystalline Si solar cells, which is mainly attributed to the interface recombination of carriers due to the low Gr/Si Schottky barrier. Herein, a few-layer hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is introduced to engineer the Gr/Si interface for improving device performance. The h-BN can act as an effective electron-blocking/hole-transporting layer due to its unique properties and appropriate band alignment with Si, and thus the interface recombination was suppressed and the open circuit voltage was remarkably increased. On the other hand, the series resistance of solar cells decreases due to an improving conductivity of graphene on h-BN, leading to an increased short circuit current density. Furthermore, the interface defects and contamination arising from the layer-by-layer transfer process can be eliminated by using a directly grown Gr/h-BN heterostructure. As a result, a maximum efficiency of 10.93% was achieved by combining h-BN interlayer and co-doping of graphene with Au nanoparticles and HNO 3 , which shows the great potential of the novel Gr/h-BN/Si solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enhanced piezoelectric and piezo-phototronic performance of ZnO-based thin film devices has been achieved by interface engineering. The piezoelectric performance of ZnO thin film is significantly boosted due to the formation of CuI/ZnO heterojunction, which effectively reduce the unfavorable piezopotential screening effect induced by free electrons in n-type ZnO. Furthermore, taking the advantage of the piezo-phototronic effect, the mechanically generated piezocharges lowers the barrier height which largely facilitates the charge transport across the CuI/ZnO heterojunction/interface and the performance of as-fabricated device were further enhanced by external strains. The photosensing behaviors of the CuI/ZnO photodetector are systematically investigated under different strain and illumination conditions. Under compressive strain, the optimum performance of flexible CuI/ZnO thin film as UV photodetector is attributed to the formation of pn heterojunction, which further modulated through the piezo-phototronic effect and improves the efficiency of charge separation as a result. Our works demonstrate merits of piezoelectric and piezo-phototronic effects for the design of energy harvesting and optoelectronic nanodevices by engineering piezoelectric/semiconductor materials interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering on 2D layered nanomaterials plays pivotal roles in achieving novel properties and superior device performance. In this work, hierarchical nanotubes consisting of 2D monolayer MoS 2 and carbon (MoS 2 :C) interoverlapped superstructure nanosheets have been synthesized, in which the MoS 2 and carbon layers are alternately sandwiched. The hierarchical architectures assembled from the MoS 2 :C superstructures are beneficial for: (i) providing substantially expanded (002) interlayer spacing (0.98 nm) of 2H-MoS 2 which facilitates fast Na + insertion/extraction reaction kinetics, (ii) improving electrical conductivity of MoS 2 by carbon monolayer insertion with ideal heterointerface contact, (iii) preventing aggregation of MoS 2 nanosheets, and (iv) accommodating volume change upon sodiation/desodiation. The superstructure nanotubes are demonstrated as a robust anode material for sodium storage with superior electrochemical performance. They deliver a high rate-capability and maintain discharge capacities of 295 and 187 mAh g −1 at high current densities of 10.0 and 20.0 A g −1 , respectively. Furthermore, they show durable cycling life (capacity retention of 101.3%, 108.2% and 107.8% after 200 cycles at current densities of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.0 A g −1 , respectively, in comparison to those of the 2 nd cycles), and an initial Coulombic efficiency as high as 84%. The MoS 2 :C superstructure nanotubes perform among the best of current MoS 2 -based electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low-cost, wide-wavelength-response-range high-efficiency photocatalysts is important to promote the separation of electron-hole pairs and the reduction of CO 2 to high-caloric-value hydrocarbons. Recently, BiOX has received much attention due to its excellent light absorption properties, unique tetragonal layered structure, and proper band gap. However, BiOX photocatalysts still suffer from rapid photogenerated electron-hole pair recombination rate and low product yield. It is imperative to construct effective heterojunction photocatalysts to overcome the above drawbacks. Herein, In 2 O 3 /BiOI with type II heterojunctions were successfully prepared by solvothermal methods for the photoreduction of CO 2. The optimized BI-10 showed the highest photocatalytic yields of 11.98 μmol g−1h−1 and 5.69 μmol g−1h−1 for CO and CH 4 , respectively. The yields of CO were 5.3 and 4.2 times higher than those of pure BiOI and pure In 2 O 3 , respectively, The yields of CO were 5.3 and 4.2 times higher than those of pure BiOI and pure In2O3, respectively, as well as the yields of CH 4 were 2.1 and 1.9 times higher than those of pure BiOI and pure In 2 O 3 , respectively. This can be attributed to the close contact between In 2 O 3 and BiOI to form a type II heterojunction, which expands the spectral range of the photoreaction and promotes efficient charge separation and transfer at the heterojunction interface. This work can provide a reference for catalyst modification, which can be widely adopted in photocatalysis. • A spherical-nanosheet structure type II heterostructure of In 2 O 3 /BiOI was successfully synthesized. • The optimized binary composite In 2 O 3 /BiOI −10 % exhibited high photocatalytic activity and stability. • The optimized binary composites showed CO and CH 4 yields of 11.98 μmol g−1h−1 and 5.69 μmol g−1h−1, respectively. • Possible mechanisms for charge transfer and photocatalytic reduction of CO 2 to CO and CH 4 reactions are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the non-covalent interactions occurring at electrocatalytic interfaces is important to promote the development of advanced hydrogen evolution systems. However, the exact role of non-covalent interaction in the electrode–electrolyte interface on the HER kinetics remains obscure at the molecular level, especially for non-platinum-based electrodes. This is due to the lack of an effective strategy to decouple the effect of each interaction (ΔG H , noncovalent interactions) on the HER kinetics. Accordingly, herein, we constructed a model catalyst surface (Pd,RuSO y) to decouple the influence of ΔG H and double-layer structure optimization on HER kinetics, thus exploring the role of this non-covalent interactions on the HER at the molecular level. We found that hydrated cations located in the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) also interact directly with electrode materials and the strength of these interactions would also affect the HER activity. Consequently, Pd,RuS 2−x O y exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward HER, which delivered low overpotentials of 38 and 82 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. This study not only illustrates the roles of interfacial interactions, but also provides a new way for the rational design of advanced electrocatalysts. Understanding the non-covalent interactions occurring at electrocatalytic interfaces is important to promote the development of advanced hydrogen evolution systems. In this work, the authors constructed a model catalyst surface (Pd,RuS 2−x O y) to decouple the influence of ΔG H and double-layer structure optimization on HER kinetics, thus exploring the role of this non-covalent interactions on the HER at the molecular level. [Display omitted] • IIn this work, we constructed a model catalyst surface (Pd,RuS 2−x O y) to decouple the influence of ΔG H and double-layer structure optimization on HER kinetics, thus exploring the role of this non-covalent interactions on the HER at the molecular level. • We found that hydrated cations located in the outer Helmholtz plane (OHP) also interact directly with electrode materials and the strength of these interactions would tune the concentration of reactants on the surface interface. • As-prepared Pd,RuS 2−x O y exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity toward HER, which delivered low overpotentials of 38 and 82 mV at 10 and 100 mA cm−2, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) have been widely predicted as an "enabler" for the next-generation high-energy-density batteries. To perform this goal, both solid electrolytes (SEs) and metallic Li anodes are the keys. Li-rich garnet SEs exhibit many unique advantages for enabling SSLMBs, such as high Li-ion conductivity, superior mechanical, chemical and electrochemical properties. However, the garnet-based SSLMBs suffer from intractable interfacial problems including poor-contact-induced high interfacial impedance and dendrite-induced fast short circuit, which greatly hinder their practical application. In this work, a facile and low-cost artificial interface engineering is proposed to improve Li/SEs interface. Benefitted from the superior wettability of isopropanol InCl 3 solution on the Li 6.4 La 3 Zr 1.4 Ta 0.6 O 12 (LLZTO) surface, a homogeneous and tightly-adhering lithiophilic interface consisting of InLi x and LiCl is efficiently constructed. As a result, the interface impedance was decreased from 189 to 10 Ω, and the critical current density for the LLZTO is increased from 0.2 mA cm−2 to 0.7 mA cm−2. The Li/Li symmetric cells can work stably above 4000 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. At a higher current density of 0.45 mA cm−2, no obvious dendritic Li proliferation and interfacial contact failure is observed after cycling for more than 1000 h. The full cells with LiFePO 4 as cathode exhibit a superior electrochemical performance with a reversible capacity of 127 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C after 475 cycles, and a rate capability of 101 mAh g−1 at 1 C. This effective, simple and economical wet-chemistry strategy for constructing Li/SEs artificial interface may provide an alternative route for solve the interfacial issues of other SSLMBs. [Display omitted] • A facile and low-cost wet-chemistry enables robust Li/LLZTO artificial interface. • The keys for this wet-chemistry strategy: solvent, active solute and H 2 O content. • The InCl 3 -induced modification layer significantly improve cells' performance. • This adaptable technique may be applicable to other solid Li metal batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designing of an appropriate interface could significantly improve performance for photocatalyst. Here, a core-shell structure of ceria (CeO 2)-cerium hydrocarbonate (CeCO 3 OH) is synthesized utilizing ribbon-like CeO 2 as the precursor. At the same time, amorphous CoS x ultrafine nanoparticles are grown in-situ on the surface of as-synthesized core-shell structure, forming an S-scheme heterojunction with appropriate interface. In the heterojunction, the conduction band of CeCO 3 OH acts as a mid-gap channel to store photogenerated electrons, which are subsequently transferred to the valence bands of CeO 2 and CoS x , inhibiting the recombination rate of the photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the heterojunction. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (HER) performances of the samples with and without CeCO 3 OH are assessed, the results reveal that the HER performance of the samples containing CeCO 3 OH is superior to that of samples without CeCO 3 OH, indicating the indispensability of CeCO 3 OH in assisting to construct the heterojunction to enhance the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution performance. This work provides methods and guidance for constructing S-scheme heterojunction composed of multivariate photocatalysts by in-situ method. • In-situ formed CeO 2 /CoS x S-scheme heterojunction. • Ultrafine CoS x nanoparticles increased channels and sites for hydrogen production. • CeCO 3 OH acts as a mid-gap channel to store the photogenerated electrons. • DFT calculated properties were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the developments of large-scale energy storage system, Zn–Ni battery has received much attention. However, the poor cycling life and shelf life of Zn–Ni battery strongly limit its practical application. Herein, a solid-state functionalized composite (FC) separator was developed through a simple strategy to steadily regulate the anode-electrolyte interface characteristics to comprehensively improve the performance of Zn–Ni battery. FC separator has interaction with anode to guide even Zn deposition during cycling. As a result, the battery assembled with FC separator achieves superb cycling life of 1435 h (848th cycle). In addition, under the function of the PAAK from FC separator, hydrogen evolution reaction can be mitigated. The water retention ability has also been improved to ensure good storage performance, in which the battery exhibits an open circuit voltage higher than 1.63 V after 618 h at a high temperature of 60 °C. Besides, the negative effect brought by oxygen from cathodes has been reduced. Consequently, the battery keeps a high discharge capacity without breakdown for more than 800 h floating charge at 60 °C. The results demonstrate the large potentials for use in next-generation Zn–Ni batteries. [Display omitted] • A stable interface engineering is realized through a novel functional separator. • The separator exhibits stronger attraction to Zn to guide its deposition behavior. • The separator and the modified anode interface mitigate the side reactions. • The water retention ability is enhanced for long-term storage. • Zn–Ni battery has an impressive long cycling life and achieves significantly improved shelf life under 60℃. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) has attracted surging interest for electronics, optoelectronics, and catalysts. It has been regarded as a promising candidate in electrical device since 2014 due to its high carrier mobility and controllable band gap, especially in the application of water splitting electrocatalysis. However, the low intrinsic activity and weak stability of low-dimensional BP severely hinder its further application as efficient electrocatalyst. To improve the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and overall water splitting activity of low-dimensional BP, many facile methods have been developed and explored for preparation of BP-based activated catalysts. In this regards, certain strategies have been tried to overcome their weaknesses of intrinsic activity and stability, including metal/nonmetal doping, building of heterostructure, and covalent functionalization. This work discusses the promotion strategies of high-efficient electrocatalysts for HER/OER and overall water splitting based on low-dimensional BP materials, providing an effective orientation of development and practical application of low-dimensional BP-based materials. Finally, a comment is also made on the recent developments, future outlook and challenges ahead in BP-based electrocatalysts. [Display omitted] • The approaches for preparing low-dimensional black phosphorus (BP) are summarized. • BP-based electrocatalysts with metal/non-metal atoms incorporation and surface functionalization are discussed. • 2D BP heterostructured electrocatalysts are investigated and discussed for water electrolysis. • The challenges and development prospects of BP-based electrocatalysts are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering is one of reliable technique for improving triboelectric performance. Conventional interface engineering for triboelectric nanogenerators utilizes the metal oxide deposited by sputtering. This technique can improve the electrostatic induction based on the high permittivity of the metal oxide and the electron trapping effect. However, it is difficult to consistently control the interlayer properties within a few nanometers due to the island growth of the metal oxide. Here, we propose a dipole momentum-based interface modification with a self-assembled monolayer to enhance the consistency of interlayer properties and triboelectric performance. To verify an appropriate interlayer, three different self-assembled monolayers and one polymeric modifier, each with different characteristics, were inserted between the tribo-material and the electrode. We found that the positive self-assembled monolayers and the polymeric modifier effectively improved the triboelectric performance of the negative tribo-materials by a factor of 2.5. The enhancing mechanism is proposed on the basis of the electrostatic induction of the tribo-materials and the characteristics of the self-assembled monolayers. The capability of the interface-engineered triboelectric nanogenerator was evaluated through operating electrical applications. We expect that interfacial molecular layer-based interface engineering can provide a reliable technique for improving consistency of interlayer properties and triboelectric performance of negative materials. [Display omitted] • A SAM-based interface engineering is proposed to enhance the triboelectric outputs. • SAM interlayers affect the device capacitance and work function of electrode. • Positive SAMs can escalate the electrostatic induction of negative tribo-materials. • ABT-TENG provides 2.5 times greater electrical power than pristine TENG device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strain-induced piezopolarization can effectively engineer the interfacial electronic properties of a piezo-semiconductor junction, and thereby improve the performance of corresponding electronic devices. In this work, a metal–insulator–semiconductor (Pt/Al 2 O 3 /ZnO) based self-powered (SP) photodetector has been developed. The photodetector has sensitive response to the light illumination without any external bias. Applying an ultrathin dielectric layer and piezotronic effect are used as two effective strategies for interface engineering to enhance the photoresponse properties. The dielectric layer can significantly enhance the effective Schottky barrier height (SBH). In addition, the SBH can be actively modulated by the piezopolarization induced built-in electric field variation under compressive strains. Thus, the photoresponse properties of the SP photodetector are largely improved by the SBH enhancement. The responsivity and detectivity of the SP photodetector are increased by 2.77 times and 2.78 times, respectively under a compressive strain of −1.0%. According to the Schottky junction principle, it can be concluded that the piezotronic effect occurs strongly at the interface and gradually decays towards the quasi-neutral region of the junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), interface engineering has been conceptualized and exploited as a powerful mean to improve solar cell performance, stability, and scalability. In this regard, here we propose the use of a multi two-dimensional (2D) materials as intra and inter layers in a mesoscopic PSCs. By combining graphene into both compact and mesoporous TiO 2 , Ti 3 C 2 T x MXenes into the perovskite absorbing layer and functionalized-MoS 2 at the interface between perovskite and the hole transporting layer, we boost the efficiency of PSCs (i.e. , +10%) compared to the 2D materials-free PSCs. The optimized 2D materials-based structure has been successfully extended from lab-scale cell dimensions to large area module on 121 cm2 substrates (11 ×11 cm2) till to 210 cm2 substrates (14.5 ×14.5 cm2) with active area efficiency of 17.2% and 14.7%, respectively. The remarkable results are supported by a systematic statistical analysis, testifying the effectiveness of 2D materials interface engineering also on large area devices, extending the 2D materials-perovskite photovoltaic technology to the industrial exploitation. The use of different two-dimensional (2D) materials, as intra and inter layer in a full interface engineered mesoscopic PSC, allows to successful extend device dimensions from lab-scale cells to large area modules drastically reducing the common drop-off in performances. [Display omitted] • Synergic use of 2D materials as intra and inter layers allows full 2D materials-perovskite structure for photovoltaic devices. • Device interfaces are rationally engineered by combining graphene into ETL, MXenes into perovskite and f-MoS2at perovskite/HTL interface. • A remarkable efficiency of 20.72% isreached on optimized 2D materials-based solar cells. • By successful extending this strategy to large areamodule, efficient (PCE of 17.2% and 14.7%,)modules (121 cm2 and 210 cm2) have been fabricated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfide all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries represent one of the most promising energy storage technologies duo to higher safety and ionic conductivities. To further improve its energy density and application, high-voltage LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 (LNMO) spinel cathode is highly desirable due to its high energy density, low cost, environmental friendliness and Co-free nature. However, sulfide solid electrolyte is not compatible with LNMO cathode, for which issue the reported solutions majorly focus on surface coating. In this work, we propose an efficient approach to sulfurize LNMO itself for an essentially new LNMOS cathode, which not only suppresses interfacial side-reactions but also improve ionic/electronic conductivity of the cathode. This method ultimately improves the interfacial compatibility and consequently the LNMOS/sulfide all-solid-state-battery performances, including 3 times higher initial discharge capacity and much better reversible cycling stability. Detailed analyses on the interface are performed for in-depth understanding and further development of high-energy-density sulfide all-solid-state batteries using 5V-class spinel cathodes. In this work, we propose an efficient approach to sulfurize LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 itself for an essentially new LiNi 0.5 Mn 1.5 O 4 -S x cathode, which ultimately solves the interfacial incompatibility issue between high-voltage cathode materials and sulfide solid electrolyte. Compared with the previously reported surface coating approach, our bulk doping strategy improves the initial discharge capacity of all-solid-state batteries by 3 times, leading to a 6-times longer cycle life and a 1.3-times higher capacity retention rate after 10 cycles by ultimately improving the compatibility between 5V-class cathode and sulfides. [Display omitted] • Realization of 5V-class cathode stable in sulfide all-solid-state batteries. • Improved compatibility between 5V-class cathode and sulfide solid electrolytes. • New type of spinel cathode with bulk doping by a facile solid-state synthesis method. • 3-times higher initial discharge capacity. • 6-times longer cycle life and 1.3-times higher capacity retention rate after 10 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simultaneously enhancing device performance and longevity, as well as balancing the requirements on cost, scalability, and simplification of processing, is the goal of interface engineering of organic solar cells (OSCs). In our work, we strategically introduce antimony (Sb3+) cations into an efficient and generic n-type SnO 2 nanoparticles (NPs) host during the scalable flame spray pyrolysis synthesis. Accordingly, a significant switch of conduction property from an n-type character to a p-type character is observed, with a corresponding shift in the work function (WF) from 4.01 ± 0.02 eV for pristine SnO 2 NPs to 5.28 ± 0.02 eV for SnO 2 NPs with 20 mol. % Sb content (ATO). Both pristine SnO 2 and ATO NPs with fine-tuned optoelectronic properties exhibit remarkable charge carrier extraction properties, excellent UV resistance and photo-stability being compatible with various state-of-the-art OSCs systems. The reliable and scalable pristine SnO 2 and ATO NPs processed by doctor-blading in air demand no complex post-treatment. Our work offers a simple but unique approach to accelerate the development of advanced interfacial materials, which could circumvent the major existing interfacial problems in solution-processed OSCs. [Display omitted] • Introducing antimony cations to effectively dope the n-type SnO 2 nanoparticles. • In-depth characterization of the cation doping effect and mechanisms. • Validation of the generic applicability of the p-type doped nanoparticles for organic photovoltaic applications. • Demonstrating efficient and stable organic solar cells based on state-of-the-art organic photovoltaic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailoring catalysts with balanced adsorption capabilities toward multiple reaction intermediates is highly desirable for complex electrocatalytic reactions, but rather challenging. Here, Ni single atom-decorated carbon nanosheets are developed as multifunctional supports for engineering heterostructured electrocatalysts toward hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. The Ni single atoms (Ni–N 4) are actively dedicated to cleaving the H–OH bonds as well as facilitating H ad spillover to metallic Pt sites. For the case of supported Pt electrocatalysts, a Pt/PtO x configuration is generated at the heterointerface via Pt–O–C (Ni) interfacial bonding, with oxidized Pt species located at the interface and metallic Pt formed in the near-interface area. Further, the oxidized Pt species are also active for boosting the water dissociation step. These findings not only open up a new avenue toward the development of multifunctional catalyst supports but also demonstrate the importance of regulating interface chemistry of heterostructured electrocatalysts at atomic level. A transition metal functionalization strategy was successfully demonstrated toward the development of multifunctional carbon nanosheets as the electrocatalyst supports for alkaline HER. In the case of functionalization with Ni single atoms, the synergistic effect triggered by Ni functionalization and unique heterointerfaces substantially promote the alkaline HER kinetics. [Display omitted] • A transition metal functionalization strategy is proposed toward the development of multifunctional carbon nanosheets. • Ni single atom-decorated carbon nanosheets are demonstrated to be multifunctional supports for hydrogen evolution in alkaline media. • Pt/PtO x configuration is formed at the heterointerface via Pt–O–C (Ni) interfacial bonding. • Ni–N 4 , oxidized Pt, and metallic Pt species trigger a synergistic effect toward fast hydrogen evolution kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacity and cyclic stability are two major issues of interest for supercapacitors. We report here a category of electrodes that are core-shell type that is encapsulated by a uniform outer nanolayer. We demonstrate the efficacy of the type of electrodes with a model electrode of NiCo 2 O 4 /MoO 2 core-shell encapsulated by atomic layer-deposited NiO nanolayer. The electronic modulation at the interface created by the outer nanolayer, verified by instrumental analysis and DFT calculations, provides a substantial amount of additional capacity, which is more than 450 C g−1 for the model electrode. The thin outer nanolayer becomes much suppler by drastic decrease in flexural rigidity, which is proportional to the third power of the thickness. This flexibility afforded by the thin nanolayer helps preserve the physical integrity of the encapsulated inner structure, thereby reducing the loss in capacity to less than 3% from more than 10% after 20,000 cycles of charge and discharge for the model electrode. An asymmetric supercapacitor with the model electrode and a carbon-based anode delivers an energy density of 136 W h kg−1 at a power density of 1800 W kg−1. This result is an indication that the nanolayer-encapsulated core-shell type electrodes would in due time put supercapacitors squarely on the map of lithium ion battery in terms of energy density but at the power density typical of capacitors. ga1 • A category of electrodes is introduced on the basis of a classical mechanics theory and interface engineering to address the issues of energy storage capacity and lifetime of supercapacitor (cyclic stability). • A model electrode of the category increases the capacity by more than 450 C g−1. Typical capacity ranges from 495 to 1170 C g−1. • The model electrode reduces the loss in capacity after 20,000 cycles of charge/discharge to less than 3% from more than 10%. • The supercapacitor with the model electrode coupled with a carbon-based anode puts its energy density well within the range of lithium ion battery. • The category of electrodes would in due time usher in supercapacitors that can replace lithium ion battery with the power density of typical capacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering is of great signification for high-performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, we report a dual interface modification strategy for constructing effective and stable PSCs by simultaneously incorporating the europium ions doped WO x nanorods (Eu-WO x) into electron transport layer (ETL) and hole transport layer (HTL). A significant hysteresis-free power conversion efficiency (PCE) with 22.08%, and much better UV light/long term-stability of PSCs are achieved as compared to 19.03% for the reference one. Systematic investigations elucidate that Eu-WO x nanorods significantly contribute to the improved conductivity, carrier mobility of both SnO 2 ETL and Spiro-OMeTAD HTL, and the crystalline quality of the perovskite film with the large grain size. Meanwhile, because of the perfect energy band alignment of Eu-WO x nanorods, the electrons/holes extraction efficiencies at perovskite/ETL and perovskite/HTL interfaces in PSCs are remarkably boosted. This finding highlights that Eu-WO x nanorods as the interface modifier provide a versatile avenue to construct efficient and stable PSCs for practical applications. This work presents a dual interface modification strategy for constructing efficient planar-SnO 2 based perovskite solar cells by simultaneously incorporating the europium ions doped WO x nanorods into electron transport layer and hole transport layer. The device obtains a high power conversion efficiency with negligible hysteresis, and long-time ambient and light stability. ga1 • Eu-WO x nanorods significantly improve the carrier mobility of both ETL and HTL, and the crystalline quality of perovskite. • Due to the perfect energy band alignment of Eu-WO x , the electrons/holes extraction efficiencies are remarkably boosted. • Benefiting from the dual interface modification of Eu-WO x , the champion PCE reaches 22.08% with negligible hysteresis. • More importantly, the long-time ambient stability and light stability of PSCs devices are significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (CO 2) to value-added fuels and chemicals provides an alternative way to realize sustainable carbon recycling. Developing robust electrocatalysts with high activity and selectivity is critically important for achieving efficient electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR). Hybrid electrocatalysts with the catalytically active species ranging from atomic scale to nanoscale (single atoms, nanoclusters, and nanoparticles) anchored on functional supports have demonstrated encouraging catalytic activity for a variety of catalysis applications. Particularly, manipulating metal-support interface chemistry has been regarded as one of the most efficient strategies to optimize the catalytic performance of hybrid catalysts, and is becoming an emerging research frontier in the catalysis filed. In this review, we summarized the recent progress on hybrid electrocatalysts towards efficient CO 2 RR with a focus on strategies for manipulating the metal-support interaction. In this regard, the approaches for tuning metal-support interaction were discussed in detail from three aspects: metal active species, functional supports, and treatments of electrocatalysts. The relevant fundamentals for CO 2 RR, including reaction mechanisms and crucial parameters, are also comprehensively discussed. Finally, the research challenges are highlighted and perspectives are proposed towards rational design of robust electrocatalysts for CO 2 RR. The recent progress on hybrid electrocatalysts for efficient electrochemical CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) are summarized with a focus on strategies for manipulating the metal-support interface chemistry. This review will not only provide new insights into designing robust CO 2 RR electrocatalysts, but also shed light on developing hybrid electrocatalysts towards a wide range of electrocatalysis applications. ga1 • The recent progress on hybrid electrocatalysts towards efficient CO 2 RR is summarized. • The review is focused on strategies for manipulating metal-support interface chemistry. • This review will provide new insights into designing robust CO 2 RR electrocatalysts. • This review will shed light on developing hybrid electrocatalysts towards other electrocatalysis applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, due to its excellent intrinsic stability against moisture, oxygen, thermal stressing and light soaking, CsPbX 3 ˭ (X˭Br, I) has drawn ever-increasing attention. However, it is still far from meeting the demand for practical application because of its relatively low power conversion efficiency (PCE) (originated from higher energy loss (E loss)) and practical stability (degradation caused by charge transport layer and phase separation). According to the latest report, benefiting from its versatile performances such as crystallinity optimization, contact resistance decrease, trap passivation, fragile layer protection and energy level alignment, interface engineering has become one of the most promising methods to solve these problems. This paper aims to give a summary of typical progress about interface engineering on CsPbX 3 (X˭Br, I) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) from strategies, mechanisms and practical applications. At the end of this article we express the expectations for the challenges we will face and the possible directions for its further optimization. The mediocre efficiency and stability of CsPbX 3 (X˭I, Br) PSCs are the worst enemy for further practical applications. This review systematically summarized recent years strategies and progresses on interface engineering which can be divided into two categories: grain boundary optimization and interfacial contact optimization. At the end of this article we express the expectations for the challenges we will face and the possible directions for its further optimization. ga1 • This article discussed the strategies of interface engineering from grain boundary and interfacial contact optimization. • This article revealed the underlying mechanism of interface engineering and recent years progresses. • We highlight the advantages of CsPbX 3 (X˭I, Br) PSCs for future applications. • We expressed the expectations for the challenges we will face and the possible directions for its further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface-mediated recombination losses between perovskite and charge transport layers are one of the main reasons that limit the device performance, in particular for the open-circuit voltage (V OC) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, functional molecular interface engineering (FMIE) is employed to retard the interfacial recombination losses. The FMIE is a facile solution-processed means that introducing functional molecules, the fluorene-based conjugated polyelectrolyte (CPE) and organic halide salt (OHS) on both contacts of the perovskite absorber layer. Through the FMIE, the champion PSCs with an inverted planar heterojunction structure show a remarkable high V OC of 1.18 V whilst maintaining a fill factor (FF) of 0.83, both of which result in improved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 21.33% (with stabilized PCEs of 21.01%). In addition to achieving one of the highest PCEs in the inverted PSCs, the results also highlight the synergistic effect of these two molecules in improving device performance. Therefore, the study provides a straightforward avenue to fabricate highly efficient inverted PSCs. Image 1 • For front-contact modification, the PFN-Br is more beneficial than UV-ozone. • For back-contact modification, the PEAI is the best choice amongst organic halide salts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interface engineering has been recognized as a highly effective strategy for improving the intrinsic activity of catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), wherein the rational construction of interfacial nanostructures has been the key to promote the sluggish OER kinetics. Herein, self-supported NiCo 2 S 4 /FeOOH nanowire arrays with rich heterointerfaces being embedded in were constructed via a two-step route, namely, hydrothermal synthesis of hydroxide precursors and then selective sulfur anion exchange, which was purposely realized by utilizing the different solubility product constants (K sp) of Ni(II), Co(II), and Fe(III)-hydroxides and controlling the sulfidation conditions. The as-synthesized NiCo 2 S 4 /FeOOH nanowire arrays as a pre-catalyst present a large length-diameter ratio and porous feature, which is beneficial to expose high density of active sites and accelerate the mass transport. In addition, the synergy arising from interfacial electron redistribution and multiple active sites substantially helps optimize the surface binding energy of the different intermediates as demonstrated by our experimental investigations and theoretical calculations, thus enabling the remarkable overall activity for OER with an ultra-low overpotential of ~200 mV to deliver the current density of 10 mA cm−2. This interface engineering strategy can be expanded to advance other interfacial structures, which is believed to afford inspiration in the field of interface engineering for high-performance catalysts. Image 1 • Self-supported NiCo 2 S 4 /FeOOH arrays with rich-dispersed interfaces being embedded on were constructed. • Interfaces were constructed via a selective S2− exchange by utilizing the different K sp of metal hydroxides. • The catalyst presented a well-defined 1D porous nanowire structure, beneficial for actives sites exposure. • The interfacial electron redistribution and synergy of multiple active sites were achieved. • NiCo 2 S 4 /FeOOH exhibited remarkable electrocatalytic activity and long-term durability for OER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]