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Using a panel vector autoregressive model, this paper assesses the impact of monetary policy on the Gini coefficient of disposable income for 30 OECD countries between 1995Q1 and 2019Q4. We assume house prices and household credit as transmission channels, representing households' financial balance. To capture the effect of the financial crisis, the analysis further distinguishes the period that started in 2008Q4. We find that a contractionary monetary policy increases the Gini coefficient in a moderate way. For the entire period, house prices are an effective transmission channel, a positive shock decreasing inequality, while credit is not statistically significant. Following the crisis credit stands out as the transmission mechanism, a positive credit shock reducing the Gini coefficient, while house prices lose relevance. These results are robust to different model specifications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing collaborative economy supports sustainable economic development and the circular economy. It aims to reduce over-consumption of resources and ensure efficient use of idle resources. The collaborative economy has emerged strongly in the tourism sector through shared tourism services, pioneered by Airbnb. This paper focuses on the analysis of inter-regional disparities of the collaborative economy in Romanian tourism. To this end, Gini concentration curves have been plotted and Gini concentration indices have been calculated for the three hierarchical levels of territorial units: NUTS1, NUTS2, NUTS3. The indicators analyzed were the number of stays for total tourists and the number of overnight stays for total tourists. As expected, the results showed a higher degree of concentration at NUTS3 level (higher disparity) and a lower degree of concentration at NUTS1 level (lower disparity). As a result of these calculations, the main regional poles were identified for NUTS1 level (macro-regions One and Four) and for NUTS2 level (Centre and South-West Oltenia regions). Surprisingly, the Bucharest-Ilfov region, the most economically developed region in Romania, failed to outperform the other regions over the whole period analyzed. The overall trend of inter-regional disparities was downward. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study uses the Gyeonggi Education Panel Study data to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on shadow education spending in South Korea. It uses the average propensity to consume (APC) for education to account for income changes, applying the double-difference method to eliminate grade effects. The findings reveal reduced nominal education expenses and APC for lower-income groups. The widening gap in shadow education spending between the lowest and highest income brackets worsens the Gini coefficient of education expenditure. Implementing compensatory measures like smaller classes, one-on-one tutoring, and adaptive teaching strategies tailored to individual students can help prevent temporary increases in inequality from becoming permanent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban flood vulnerability monitoring requires a large amount of socioeconomic and environmental data collected at regular time intervals. However, collecting such a large volume of data poses a significant constraint in assessing changes in flood vulnerability. This study proposed a novel method to monitor spatiotemporal changes in urban flood vulnerability from satellite nighttime light (NTL) data. Peninsular Malaysia was chosen as the research region as floods are the most devastating and recurrent phenomena in the region. The study developed a flood vulnerability index (FVI) based on socioeconomic and environmental data from a single year. This FVI was then linked to NTL data using an Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) machine learning algorithm. The model was calibrated and validated with administrative unit scale data and subsequently used to predict FVI at a spatial resolution of 10 km for 2000–2018 using NTL data. Finally, changes in estimated FVI at different grid points were evaluated using the Mann-Kendall trend method to determine changes in flood vulnerability over time and space. Results showed a nonlinear relationship between NTL and flood vulnerability factors such as population density, Gini coefficient, and percentage of foreign nationals. The ANFIS technique performed well in estimating FVI from NTL data with a normalized root-mean-square error of 0.68 and Kling-Gupta Efficiency of 0.73. The FVI revealed a high vulnerability in the urbanized western coastal region (FVI ∼ 0.5 to 0.54), which matches well with major contributing regions to flood losses in Peninsular Malaysia. Trend assessment showed a significant increase in flood vulnerability in the study area from 2000 to 2018. The spatial distribution of the trend indicated an increase in FVI in the urbanized coastal plains, particularly in rapidly developing western and southern urban regions. The results indicate the potential of the technique in urban flood vulnerability assessment using freely available satellite NTL data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work investigates the relationship between income inequality, poverty reduction strategies, and the Lorenz curve in India from 2015 to 2023, with forecasts extending to 2030. Data from the World Bank reveals positive trends in per capita expenditure and a declining population growth rate. The analysis employs the Lorenz curve to visualize income distribution. While the Gini coefficient remained high at 3.70 in the period, income inequality appears to have stabilized since the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, future projections suggest a remarkable decrease in inequality towards 2030, with the Lorenz curve positioned above the line of equality. This, coupled with rising per capita income and a shrinking population, paints a promising picture towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 (eradication of poverty). Regression analysis further strengthens these findings, demonstrating a statistically significant association between per capita income growth and poverty reduction. These results suggest that India's poverty reduction strategies are yielding positive outcomes, but continued policy interventions and investments in social programs are crucial for sustained progress towards a more equitable and prosperous future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Taiwan's eight dental schools are all located in the western region. This study attempted to analyze the relationship between the geographical distribution of dentists in Taiwan and their graduation school background and to develop several statistical indicators to analyze the geographical distribution of dentists. The method of the secondary data analysis was adopted to collect the open information related to the number of the practicing dentists based on their graduation schools and practice locations by cities and counties in Taiwan in January 2023. The data were used to develop several statistical indicators to analyze the geographical distribution of dentists. There were 16,533 practicing dentists in Taiwan in January 2023. Of the 16,533 dentists, 15,687 (94.88 %) graduated from domestic dental schools and 846 (5.12 %) graduated from foreign dental schools. For the school location, the coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, population proportion index, and population density index were the largest (168.57 %, 0.47, 10.76 %, and 3927.01 people/square kilometer) in the dentists graduating from the northern dental schools. In overall, the dentists were concentrated in municipalities, cities, and the northern region of Taiwan, especially those graduating from the northern dental schools. In Taiwan, the geographical distribution of dentists is highly related to their graduation school background. Promoting a balanced distribution of dental enrollment quotas and dental student sources from different geographical locations and inducing the movement of dentists to the dentist-shortage areas may be the more feasible ways to solve the uneven geographical distribution of dentists in Taiwan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the world becomes more environmentally conscious, the exploration of sustainable development paths for urban agglomerations has become a new platform for debate. This paper uses data from Chinese cities to study the level of urban sustainability. Three methods, kernel density, Gini coefficient and spatial measurement model, were used to explore the spatial effects and influencing factors of sustainable development of cities and urban agglomerations. Through the study, the following conclusions are obtained: First, the temporal and regional differences in sustainable urban development differ between cities belonging to urban agglomerations and those not belonging to urban agglomerations. In terms of overall distribution, there is a tendency for the eastern seaboard to radiate outwards. Second, the role of educational resources in urban sustainable development is particularly prominent. Finally, the sustainable development of urban agglomerations shows large spatial differences. The spillover effects of influencing factors vary from urban agglomeration to urban agglomeration. This study provides valuable guidance to policymakers and stakeholders. It can promote balanced and effective sustainable urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is the role of bank based financial development in inclusive sustainable development? Our paper tries to answer this question with a novel methodology that provides an estimate of the inequality-finance relationship for every country-year observation, allowing us to examine the distribution of the relationship of interest for various country groups. Unlike other papers in the literature, our estimates are free of both functional form mis-specification bias as well as bias from endogenous regressors. Our results indicate that financial development lowers income inequality in low income countries and countries that invest in primary education. This inequality-finance relationship is also sensitive to a country's size of financial sector and quality of institutions. Our findings should be of particular interest to scholars and domestic policy makers of Countries with Special Needs , who face unique challenges meeting the goals set by United Nation's 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper estimates private wealth in Bulgaria using different official sources of macroeconomic and survey data. Due data availability reasons, the 1995-2020 period is analysed. Net wealth is calculated by capitalising incorporated and nonincorporated entrepreneurs’ income, combining it with administrative and survey sources of data on real and financial wealth and liabilities. The net wealth of Bulgarian households is rising in nominal EUR and PPP terms, so is inequality. From the end of 1995 until the end of 2020 net wealth of Bulgarian households (individuals) has grown eightfold, from EUR 41.7 bln to EUR 381.8 bln, while per adult and per capita measures have grown tenfold, from 8.5 thousand euro to 92.2 thousand euro and from 4.9 to 55.2 thousand euro respectively. The geometric average rate of growth (CAGR) amounts to 9.3% yearly for the net wealth, 10% for the net wealth per adult and 10.1% for the net wealth per capita. For the period under review, the bottom half of individuals own less than 5.1% of net wealth on average, while the top decile and percentile own 65.3% and 10.6% of total net wealth on average, respectively, while the Gini coefficient grows to 0.75 at the end of the period but accepting values between 0.63 and 0.81 over the analysed period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Improved growth and closing gap of cropland green production efficiency (CGPE) are effective strategies to both enhance food production and reduce environmental risks by technology enhancement, particularly in ecologically fragile basins. This study develops a CGPE accounting framework that incorporates multi-dimensional environmental impacts, based on the crop full lifecycle management of cropland use. A unified assessment framework is proposed to examine the drivers influencing CGPE growth and gap from the perspective of the technology enhancement interface, specifically technical progress (TP) and diffusion (TD). Using a hybrid approach, this study integrates the three-stage super-efficiency input-output model, Malmquist–Luenberger index, Gini coefficient decomposition, and spatial Markov chain model to investigate which technology enhancement interface drives CGPE growth and gap in the Yellow River basin (YRB), across 707 counties. This study shows evidence that CGPE growth in the YRB from 2000 to 2022 at the county scale displayed a "U-shaped" trend with an elevated terminal point, which is primarily driven by TP; that the significant spatial heterogeneity in CGPE is observed, with a small regional gap in the lower reach but a notable imbalanced development in the upper-middle reaches despite the narrowing gap, mainly due to insufficient TP; and that there is a dynamic polarization tendency shifting from medium to low level and from medium high to the high level. Therefore, priority should be given to enhancing green production technology, promoting balanced technology diffusion, leveraging the role model of high-efficiency areas so as to concurrently achieve agricultural productivity and environmental sustainability. [Display omitted] • An accounting framework of CGPE measures multi-dimensional environmental impacts. • A unified assessment framework explores drivers of CGPE growth and gap via TP and TD. • We found an upward "U-shaped" CGPE growth and obvious CGPE gap in the YRB, China • Improved CGPE growth by TP while closing CGPE gap through TD in YRB. • The CGPE in the YRB is polarizing, with counties moving to extremes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Chinese government is designating protection zones for permanent basic farmland (PBF) to ensure a stable grain supply. However, the disparity between protection responsibilities and economic benefits under traditional control methods leads to suboptimal effectiveness. The Transfer of Development Rights (TDR) program is a vital compensation tool for global conservation efforts and plays a key role in the Chinese government's urgent initiative to create a nationwide compensation mechanism for farmland protection and to enhance coordinated regional development. In this study, we propose the integration of the PBF delineation system and the TDR program to establish an inter-provincial compensation system using a zoning-integrative TDR framework under the coupled scenarios of shared socioeconomic pathways and representative concentration pathways (SSPs-RCPs scenarios). Subsequently, we explore inter-provincial compensation zones and reciprocal relationships for TDR. The results indicate that China should maintain 111 and 99 million hectares of PBF in 2035 and 2050, respectively. By 2035, there will be 13 provinces sending and 18 receiving PBF through TDR, and by 2050, Shaanxi Province will have transitioned from being a receiving to a sending region. Ultimately, inter-provincial compensation relationships are determined based on simulated future grain transport patterns. Through reciprocal compensations, the national Gini coefficient is projected to decrease by 0.04 and 0.03 in 2035 and 2050, respectively, indicating that compensation promotes fairness in inter-provincial socio-economic development. This study contributes to the nation's objectives of ensuring grain security, promoting social equity, and protecting high-quality farmland. [Display omitted] • Propose a mechanism of zoning-integrative TDR for effective permanent basic farmland producing. • Establish a delineation system to screen high-quality farmland in China. • Allocate permanent basic farmland for 2035 and 2050 under SSPs-RCPs coupled scenarios. • Reciprocal compensation enhances socioeconomic fairness among provinces. • Present a comprehensive plan for a compensation bank to achieve national compensation goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The height to crown base (HCB) of a tree is a vital characteristic that reflects the self-thinning ability of a tree, and it is used to determine the crown size. and predict the crown recession rate. This study simulated the HCB of Spruce fir broadleaved mixed forest in Northeast China using four non-parametric model approaches: generalized additive model, Cubist, boosted regression tree (BRT), and multiple adaptive regression spline. Because of the different genetic characteristics and growth patterns of different tree species, species-specific tree groups were formed, and the HCB of each species-specific group was simulated by the different models. Relative importance and partial dependence analyses were performed to identify the primary HCB predictors (including tree, stand, stand spatial structure, density and competition factors) and their relationships with the HCB of the four tree species groups. The relative importance was higher for individual tree variables (77.54 %, 31.02 %, 31.12 %, and 73.69 % for coniferous, spruce-fir, hard broadleaved, and soft broadleaved groups, respectively) and stand variables (5.00 %, 20.34 %, 11.03 %, and 8.71 % for coniferous, spruce-fir, hard broadleaved, and soft broadleaved groups, respectively) compared with stand spatial structure variables (4.57 %, 12.14 %, 21.91 %, and 5.89 % for coniferous, spruce-fir, hard broadleaved, and soft broadleaved groups, respectively), density indexes variables (2.17 %, 1.28 %, 4.05 %, and 2.87 % for coniferous, spruce-fir, hard broadleaved, and soft broadleaved groups, respectively), and tree species variables (10.79 %, 35.20 %, 31.90 %, and 8.84 % for coniferous, spruce-fir, hard broadleaved, and soft broadleaved groups, respectively). BRT and Cubist were the best approaches for modelling the four species-group specific HCBs. Although spatial structure variables had minor relative importance, further in-depth investigations are warranted. • Four nonparametric models were considered for HCB (height to crown base) of Spruce-fir broadleaved mixed forest. • The BRT (Boosted Regression Tree) and Cubist models were the best approaches in modelling four species-group specific HCB. • Spatial structure variables had minor relative importance, it deserves to be investigated deeply. • Our study provides insights for protecting, regulating, and improving forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The LCCPI is a win-win climate policy. • The LCCPI leads to a 4.4 % decline in spatial development inequality. • The green innovation gap and factor allocation are the underlying impact channels. • The LCCPI is more effective for resource-dependent and high-marketization cities. This study aims to examine the causal relationship between climate policy and spatial development inequality within cities. To this end, we leverage the temporal and spatial variations in the implementation of the low-carbon city pilot initiative (LCCPI) to perform a staggered difference-in-difference (DID) estimation. Our estimated results demonstrate that the LCCPI is associated with an approximate 4.4 % reduction in the Gini coefficient for nighttime light intensity. Our findings are robust to alternative measures and different specifications. Further mechanism analyses reveal that the LCCPI operates by narrowing the green innovation gap and improving the factor allocation. Notably, we observe a more pronounced decrease in spatial development inequality in resource-dependent and high-marketization cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a major agricultural country, agricultural carbon emissions in China are one of the key areas of focus for achieving China's "dual carbon" targets. This study utilizes the Dagum Gini coefficient, convergence models, and the ARIMA model to analyze the characteristics of agricultural carbon emissions in China's three major grain production functional zones. The results show that: (1) The agricultural carbon emissions in the national, main grain-production, and main grain-sales regions exhibit a fluctuating decreasing trend, while the agricultural carbon emissions in the grain production-sales balance region show a fluctuating increasing trend. The primary sources of agricultural carbon emissions are agricultural material inputs and enteric fermentation of ruminants. (2) The intra-regional differences in agricultural carbon emissions are the largest in the main grain-sales region, followed by the grain production-sales balance region, and the smallest in the main grain-production region. The contribution rate of inter-regional differences is the highest, making it the main source of overall disparity, while the contribution rate of hyperbolic density is the lowest. (3) Both the national level and the three major grain production functional zones exhibit conditional β-convergence in agricultural carbon emissions, indicating that the agricultural production in the national, main grain-production, and main grain-sales regions shows a "carbon neutral" characteristic, while the agricultural production in the grain production-sales balance region shows a "carbon peak" characteristic. (4) The agricultural carbon peak in China occurred in 2015, with a total carbon emission of 164.5 million tons. The main grain-production and main grain-sales regions have already reached carbon peak, while the grain production-sales balance region is expected to reach its carbon peak by 2030. [Display omitted] • The carbon emissions from agriculture in China are decreasing. • There is significant regional variation in agricultural carbon emissions. • Agricultural carbon emissions exhibit conditional β-convergence characteristics. • MGPR and MGSR have achieved agricultural carbon peaking. • GPSBR is expected to achieve agricultural carbon peaking by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The Gini Index/Coefficient has been adapted for urban green equality. • The Gini Index is applied to distributional equality of trees, parks, and ecosystem services. • Definitions of "greenspace" vary between publications. • Differences in data types, scales, and inclusion criteria impede comparisons. • Minimum reporting requirements are suggested, including reporting the Gini equation. Access to parks, ecosystem services, and urban trees support healthy people and communities. Unfortunately, access is often unequally distributed, leading to differential outcomes. Measuring the within-city distributional equality and comparing between cities can be facilitated by the Gini Index, a measure originally developed for economic disparities. To examine its applications in urban forestry and urban greening, a systematic review was conducted across 5 databases and 10 journals. Forty-one English, peer-reviewed articles were identified that used the Gini Index to measure urban green inequality, increasing exponentially since the first urban greening-related use of the Gini Index in 2011. Most studies were from China (n = 22, 54 %) and the United States (n = 10, 24 %). A Gini Index equation was reported in 27 studies (66 %) with 10 different variations used. Lorenz curves were included in 18 papers (44 %). The Gini Index was used to assess the distribution of parks and greenspaces (n = 28, 68 %), ecosystem disservices and services (n = 8, 20 %), and trees and street greenery (n = 7, 17 %). Fifteen papers (37 %) used multiple points in time to measure changes in inequality, including modeling future inequalities under different management scenarios. The Gini Index provides a quantitative measure of distributional inequality that facilitates comparisons between cities. The application of the Gini Index can help improve global comparative analyses, but only with consistent reporting of methods and findings. We provide recommended reporting procedures for researchers using the Gini Index, including 1) report the Gini Index equation, 2) visualize the Gini Index using a Lorenz curve, and 3) report the variable inputs. Greenspace research should also clearly define the inclusion/exclusion criteria of greenspace, differentiating parks versus green cover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental, social and corporate governance (ESG), as one of the guarantee systems for improving the construction of a beautiful China, has an impact on regional environmental management). Clarifying the coupling coordination relationship between the environmental performance of regional administrations and the ESG performance of listed enterprises may help achieve high levels of ecological preservation and economic growth. This study employs three methods to measure the degree of coordinated coupling between the environmental performance of regional administrations and the ESG effectiveness of listed firms. The methods used are the Dagum Gini coefficient decomposition method, the model of coordinated coupling, and the geographic Kernel density estimation method. The findings show that: (i) there is an overall higher trend in the level of coordinated coupling between the environmental performance of regional administrations and the ESG effectiveness of listed firms. This degree of coupling has evolved from near-disorder to intermediate coordination. (ii) There is an uneven spatial distribution in the level of coordinated coupling between the environmental performance of regional administrations and the ESG effectiveness of listed businesses, with inter-regional differences serving as the primary cause of spatial variation. (iii) In most provinces, there is a geographical link between the coordinated coordination of the environmental performance of regional administrations and the ESG effectiveness of listed businesses, provided that spatial elements and temporal span are taken into account. These findings give practical recommendations for regional administrations' environmental stewardship as well as important insights into the attainment of sustainable economic and social growth. • Build a model to evaluate the synergistic development effect between government environmental governance and corporate performance • Discuss the developmental trend and spatial differences of the coupling coordination degree • The central and northeastern regions showing polarization trends • Interregional differences are the main source of differences in coupling coordination degree among China's four major regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By constructing a comprehensive evaluation index system for data elements and green development, this paper measures the level of data elements and green development in 273 prefecture-level cities in China from 2011 to 2019 using the random forest algorithm and calculates the coupling coordination degree (CCD) of the two systems using the coupling coordination degree model. Furthermore, this paper classifies the 273 cities into six types based on their "business charm" rankings and uses the Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density estimation and a spatial Markov chain model to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics and dynamic evolution of the CCD between data elements and green development. The results show that: (1) the average level of data elements is 0.087, which obviously lags behind the average level of green development, but the levels of both data elements and green development are on the rise; (2) the average CCD between data elements and green development is 0.44, which is in the moderate coordination stage and the CCD shows a year-on-year increase; (3) the higher the business charm ranking of a city, the higher the CCD between Data elements Green development (4) the CCD is affected by the city business charm ranking, showing significant differences, which mainly originate from the intergroup differences; (5) the CCD between data elements and green development in a city is also influenced by its neighboring cities, and the spatial pattern of the CCD evolution shows a "club convergence" phenomenon in the extreme coupling coordination stage. These findings provide important implications for promoting synergies between data elements and green development in both developing and developed countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Health care is central to sustainable development, but it is underfunded in many developing countries such as Nigeria. This study empirically examined gender variations and inequity in health care financing in Southeast Nigeria. To decompose the Gini coefficient and analyze inequity by gender and differences in health care financing among states in the region, Dagum's approach for decomposition of the Gini coefficient is used. Empirical results showed that gender inequity exists in health care financing in Southeast Nigeria. In addition, variations in health care financing inequity among states in the Southeast region were found. Based on the foregoing, the study recommends that when implementing health care financing reforms, different population groups be covered in order to achieve the broader equity and effectiveness goals. Furthermore, governments in various states should step up efforts to assist disadvantaged and oppressed communities, such as poor indigenous people, in terms of health care utilization, which could reduce the health care financing burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the common features of transition economies in eastern and central Europe is dominance of foreign institutions in financial systems. In the early stages of the transition process, foreign banks entered financial systems and had big shares via new entrants and also privatization of state banks. No doubt, this affected them in the way of development. But it is not clear that how it affected the distribution of income. In this study, we query possible relations between income distribution inequality and financial depth via symmetric and asymmetric panel causality tests in selected transition economies between the years 1993 and 2015. According to asymmetric panel causality test, there is only a uni-directional causality running from positive component of financial depth to positive component of income inequality in Ukraine and from negative component of financial depth to negative component of income distribution inequality in Slovakia. The reason of weak relation between financial development via foreign bank entry and income inequality may be the type of foreign bank entry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the four aspects of economic development, scientific and technological innovation, ecological environment protection and shared coordination, this paper constructs a regional high-quality evaluation index system on three dimensions, namely target layer, criterion layer and index layer. The entropy method, comprehensive evaluation method and Gini coefficient were adopted to evaluate regional high-quality development and they are used to explore the balance of high-quality development of cities regionally. As the object of research, the data from 2010 to 2019 of 11 cities in Hebei was collected and conducted or processed. The research results indicate that economic growth is a key factor to promote the high-quality development of Hebei; the evaluation results reveal that the high-quality development among the 11 cities in Hebei have different scores; the balance analysis demonstrates that the high-quality development differences of cities in Hebei present a decreasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the short-run and the long-run relationships between inequalities - measured by the (income) Gini coefficient - and taxes, using a panel of ten selected Asian countries from 1993 to 2015. After testing for the applicability of several econometric models of the panel Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) methodology, we choose the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimator to find that an increase in income Gini increases the tax-GDP ratio for the ACI economies in the long run. However, we also note that the income Gini has no (statistically significant) effect on taxes in the short run. The chain of causality is found to run from income inequalities to taxes and not from taxes to inequalities. This study confirms the prediction of the median voter hypothesis on the consequences of income distribution: greater inequality is associated with a larger tax-GDP ratio because of the greater redistribution that is sought by the median voter when income distribution is less equal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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• An innovative comprehensive system integrating various indicators for urban green resilience was meticulously constructed in this study. • A multi-criteria decision-making method based on intelligent algorithms and neural networks was used to measure urban green resilience. • This research employs exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis to explore spatio-temporal dynamic evolution of urban green resilience. • This study introduces Dagum Spatial Gini coefficient to analyze spatio-temporal variability pattern of urban green resilience. Environmental challenges significantly impact urban areas, making cities vulnerable to extreme climatic events. Hence, this study introduces an urban green resilience index system and employs a novel multi-criteria decision-making method to measure green resilience across Chinese cities. Utilizing exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis, Dagum Spatial Gini coefficient, and geographical detector methods, we examine spatio-temporal dynamic evolution and variability pattern. Key findings are as follows: (1) The overall level of green resilience in Chinese cities has significantly increased over the past decade. (2) Urban green resilience exhibits significant spatial clustering and dependence, with high-high mode in central and eastern China, and low-low mode in the southwest and northwest. (3) Urban green resilience aligns along a northeast-southwest axis, with its center of gravity corresponding to major population and economic centers. (4) There is a spatial convergence in urban green resilience across eastern, central, and western China, with declining Dagum Spatial Gini coefficients suggesting reduced spatial inequality. (5) Exploratory spatio-temporal data analysis indicates stable local spatial structures, but inter-city collaboration remains insufficient for fostering a cooperative developmental pattern for urban green resilience. This study examines the capacity and potential of cities to adapt their development strategies and achieve sustainable growth amidst environmental challenges and uncertainties, including extreme weather events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Forms a heat vulnerability index using socio-demographic, health, and environmental data. • Validated the heat vulnerability index against heat-related mortality data. • Finds higher heat urban exposure with varying sensitivity and capacity shaping vulnerability. • Identifies vulnerable groups: Indigenous, low English proficiency, and transit commuters. • Offers targeted strategies to boost climate resilience and thermal equity in Australian cities. Increased extreme heat, driven by rapid urbanisation and climate change, has caused increasing heat-related deaths, and posed significant threats to vulnerable populations. Studies have proposed many heat vulnerability indices, but most lack comprehensiveness in study design and validation. Furthermore, a significant gap remains for an analysis of inequity in heat vulnerability assessment research, a crucial component for promoting thermal equity. This paper introduces a Comprehensive Heat Vulnerability Index (CHVI) for Australia's capital cities, using socio-demographic, health, and environmental indicators at the finest statistical level, the Statistical Area 1 (SA1) scale, and employs the Gini coefficient to analyse inequity in heat vulnerability. Key findings include: (a) Heat vulnerability exposure decreases from urban to rural areas, with sensitivity exhibiting similar trends but more pronounced regional variations; (b) Adaptive capacity increases as exposure decreases, though this pattern is not consistent in city centres and certain regions; (c) The CHVI effectively measures heat vulnerability, demonstrating strong correlations with Pearson Correlation Coefficients of 0.68 and 0.92; (d) The distribution of heat vulnerability aligns with exposure trends but shows greater regional diversity, and city centres tend to have lower vulnerability levels; (e) Thermal inequity among SA1s is influenced by factors such as the Indigenous population, unemployment rates, English proficiency, and public transportation usage; (f) There is a slight variation in these factors of thermal inequity across each capital city. The findings provide a comprehensive understanding of heat vulnerability and thermal inequity in the Australian capital cities that could aid in informing climate resilience and adaptation strategies and policies for sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public air transport market is generally oligopolistic, meaning that the market strategies of some companies can influence the decisions of rivals and impact consumer prices. This sector has been marked by a large flow of airline entries and exits. Considering this scenario, the objective of this work is to evaluate how the revenue from airline tickets of incumbent companies in the national aviation market in Brazil was impacted after the entry of a new company. A fixed-effects Difference-in-Differences model (DID) using a feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) estimator with panel data is used to assess this impact. To assess the impact of the entrant on yield dispersion, we apply the regression equation to P90 and P10 of the distribution. We also applied the equation, considering the Gini coefficient as the dependent variable. The results showed that the average income of incumbent companies reduced by an estimated magnitude of 5.9% in the period after the new company entered the market. Our findings also indicate an increase in distribution dispersion in the period following market entry, with a more pronounced reduction of 19% in the P10 and 1.5% in the P90. We conclude that the entry of the new company was readily assimilated by the incumbents, so that the competitive effect can explain the identified reduction in average income. The entry of a new competitor was especially beneficial to consumers in the lower tail of the distribution. • Market strategies in the aviation market influence the price decisions. • In an oligopolist market the entry of a new company impacts consumer prices. • Incumbent companies reduce price in reaction to a new entrant. • The entry of a new company is readily assimilated by the incumbents. It exists a competitive effect. • The entry of a new competitor is beneficial to consumers in the lower tail of the distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The uneven distribution of welfare not only hinders social fairness but also affects the optimal allocation of resources for rural residential land. Recourse to traditional welfare theory or Amartya Sen's function and ability welfare theory is inappropriate in this situation as neither is focused on the influence of welfare differences. Therefore, this study aims to provide a new focus for welfare economics in integrating the concept of the internal group welfare gap into overall welfare evaluation. Fuzzy mathematics is applied to calculate welfare and the concept of the Gini coefficient is used to evaluate the welfare gap. The resulting model is applied to the cities of Guangzhou, Chongqing, and Wuxi before and after rural residential land circulation (RRLC) to determine their resulting changes in welfare and welfare gap. From this, it is found that, after RRLC, the farmers' overall welfare increased by 17.5%, 15.1%, and 23.5% respectively, while the welfare gap of Guangzhou and Wuxi was improved, and Chongqing was decreased. This means the welfare gap widened in Guangzhou and Wuxi, while narrowed in Chongqing. Concluding remarks call for increased government attention to the fair distribution of welfare between different groups of farmers by increased social security and a more detailed consideration of the groups involved. • After rural residential land circulation (RRLC), the farmers' overall welfare increased. • After RRLC, the welfare gap of Guangzhou and Wuxi was improved, and Chongqing was decreased. • China's dualistic land system and differences in urban and rural household residential registration. • For differences in regional economic development, the patterns and policies of RRLC have been differentiated geographically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A natural consequence of the budgeting process is budget control, the effectiveness of which depends largely on the quality of the deviation analysis. As part of this analysis, the expected quantities are most often compared with the observed/actual ones, and the reasons for the deviations are investigated. In budget control, it is important to deconstruct deviations into components and to determine the impact of factors affecting these deviations. Therefore, budgetary control should be extended to the analysis of budget deviations in terms of its subject and temporal nature. This generally applies to every planning and control process, while the authors in their research concentrate on budgeting revenues and operating costs in enterprises. In this study, three measures used in economics – the GINI, Hirschman-Herfindahl, and Theil coefficients – were evaluated as potential metrics for budget deviation differentiation. Simulated computer data was used for this study. The GINI coefficient was the most statistically significant metric tested, making it the selected measure for budget deviation differentiation. The GINI coefficient is a normalized variable (ratio) with a range between 0 to 1, making it a convenient metric to evaluate differences in deviations between individual budget items, between years, and between budgeted units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The research explores personal income tax progressivity as a mechanism to reduce income inequality. In the personal income tax progressivity model with data from 1988-2005, the unbalanced panel has up to 103 countries with 1,528 observations. The unbalanced panel uses Driscoll and Kraay standard errors to adjust for nonparametric heteroscedasticity autocorrelation. The researchers test the top, marginal, and average personal income tax rate progressivity. In the full panel, the top, marginal and average rate of personal income tax progressivity are all statistically significant. The models also explore differences in results based on income level. Key findings include the average rate of personal income tax progressivity is statistically significant in the more panels than the marginal rate of income tax progressivity or the top marginal rate. Both the net and market Gini coefficients tend to have similar statistical significance results which may suggest equality promoting policies may cause structural changes in the economy that lead to higher pre-tax incomes for lower-income individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. To support the development of interdisciplinary research effectively, it is essential to provide research funding that takes into account the interdisciplinary characteristics of the field. Objectives. We investigated the progress of interdisciplinarity between 1997 and 2017 for 12 selected target fields, from two points of view, focusing on the diversity of researchers' specializations: (1) the number of researchers' fields of specialization, and (2) the dispersion of the number of researchers among the fields of specialization. Methods. For (1), we investigated different specialization fields, not only the target field as a whole but also for each researcher (author) and each article. For (2), we calculated the Gini coefficient and the coefficient of variation. Results. Different characteristics were observed depending on the viewpoint and the index. The increase rate of (1) was especially high in Materials Science, Biomaterials. The rate of decline of (2) was particularly significant in Information Science & Library Science, Environmental Sciences and Anthropology. It was found that the interdisciplinarity of a field cannot be judged simply as high or low. Interdisciplinarity has gradually grown: not always increasing but also sometimes decreasing or stagnating at times. Contributions. This study has offered a different perspective of interdisciplinarity, and also charted how it has strengthened over the past 20 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article reviews classic views on poverty for which Bulgarian scientific literature is extremely inexhaustible. A “Continuum of classical theories of poverty” has been composed through the author’s interpretation and systematization of theoretical views which are embedded in world scientific literature. Three approaches are highlighted – social Darwinism, egalitarianism and statistical-sociological approach. Poverty is studied on the basis of relatively independent, but also complementary aspects: economic, sociological and applied. Each of these aspects brings together both classical theories and modern concepts of understanding poverty as a phenomenon. Emphasis is placed on the causes, factors, measures and the need to eliminate poverty. The main indicators of poverty are presented: Lorentz curve, Gini coefficient, persons at risk of poverty and social exclusion, poverty line and the rate of persons living below the poverty line in Bulgaria. Inequalities in the distribution of income before and after social transfers are presented, as well as those who are categorized by statistics as poor – before and after social transfers. The analysis highlights Bulgaria’s unfavorable position compared to other European Union member states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1896, the first dentist opened his dental clinic in Taipei City and this also opened a new era of Taiwan's dentistry. This study tried to assess the dentist manpower in Taiwan during the Japanese colonial period from 1923 to 1924, and hence to explore the appearance of Taiwan's early dentistry. This study utilized the secondary data analysis to evaluate the numbers and distributions of dentists, physicians, and local practitioners in Taiwan from 1923 to 1924, to find the relationship among them, and further to explore the development of dentists in Taiwan at that period. The total numbers of dentists and physicians increased from 87 to 882 in 1923 to 97 and 927 in 1924, respectively. Moreover, the total number of local practitioners decreased from 583 in 1923 to 558 in 1924. Their Gini coefficients for dentists, physicians, and local practitioners were 0.18, 0.16 and 0.20 in 1923 and 0.27, 0.05 and 0.19 in 1924, respectively. From 1923 to 1924, dentists and physicians were mainly concentrated in the northern and southern regions of Taiwan, and dentists had more serious uneven distribution problem. We conclude that the uneven distribution of dentist in Taiwan is an old problem. After a hundred years of development, the number of dentists increases at a higher rate than the number of physicians and there is no shortage of dentists to date in Taiwan. However, the problem of uneven distribution of dentists still exists and is even more serious now. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ireland has a particularly high level of inequality in incomes from the market, before redistribution by transfers and direct taxes, and also a very high level of household joblessness. How much does the latter serve to explain the former? We assess this by comparing Ireland in depth with five comparator countries: France, Germany, Spain, Sweden and the UK. Decomposition of the Gini coefficient by income source shows the dominant role played by income from labour in market income inequality in all these countries. Decomposition of Generalised Entropy measures and counterfactual shift-share exercises based on them show that Ireland's high proportion of working-age households with no earner is indeed an important contributor to its ranking in terms of market income inequality. However, relatively high levels of dispersion in earnings within one-earner and two-earner households also contribute and their drivers need to be better understood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The uneven matching of distribution and targets in practicing carbon emission reduction has led to emission reduction inequality, while digital technology innovation (DTI) is expected to reduce these gaps. Therefore, this study casts new insights into modeling the nexus between DTI and carbon inequality using China's 286 prefecture-level cities from 2000 to 2021. Remarkably, city-level DTI performance is innovatively proxied by the related patent application volume, while the carbon inequality index within the region is measured using the environmental Gini coefficient. The main findings of this study include: (1) DTI robustly mitigates China's carbon inequality. (2) The effect of DTI is asymmetrically more significant in regions with a higher carbon inequality index. (3) DTI heterogeneously reduces carbon inequality more obviously in the eastern and central regions, and technology innovation in digital product manufacturing and digital technology application industries reduces carbon inequality more significantly. (4) More precisely, DTI strengthens carbon justice through income equalization, spatial agglomeration, and digital inclusion effects. Specifically, DTI significantly reduces income inequality and the digital economy's spatial agglomeration level and enhances digital financial inclusion, thereby reducing carbon inequality. This study also provides the policy implications for China. • City-level digital technology innovation (DTI) performance is innovatively proxied by the related patent application number. • The carbon inequality index at the city level in China is accounted for through environmental Gini index. • DTI robustly mitigates China's carbon inequality in 286 prefecture-level cities in China. • DTI strengthens carbon justice through income equalization, spatial agglomeration, and digital inclusion effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A framework for analyzing urban resilience through the life circle lens was developed. • The spatial match between urban pressures and resilience was examined. • Strategies for a multi-center, cluster-type urban resilience typology were outlined. • A people-oriented resilient planning was advocated. This paper presents an original framework for assessing and enhancing urban resilience from the perspective of the life circle that emphasizes the daily activity spaces of residents, using Urumqi, a major city in northwest China's arid oasis region, as a case study. Based on multi-source urban geographic big data, we introduce Gini coefficient and Lorenz curve to analyze the spatial matching relationship between urban spatial pressure and urban spatial resilience, and divided the priority of planning intervention by priority index. Our findings for the case study Urumqi reveal a strong "center-periphery" structure of urban resilience and spatial pressures. Based on the findings, we proposed targeted planning interventions prioritized by a resilience index that considers the life circle to address disparities and improve urban resilience. Our study advocates for urban planning to focus on the life circle, aiming to develop a multi-center and cluster-type resilient urban spatial structure to foster a "people-oriented" resilient city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Conducts an assessment of inequity for Tokyo's peri -urban park. • Leverages mobile-driven indicators for nuanced insights into park usage, complemented by Gaussian-based 2SFCA accessibility indicators for a more holistic view. • Emphasizes the importance of actual visitation indicators in uncovering inequity in park accessibility. • Identifies four distinct visitor groups, revealing visitor disparities in peri -urban park usage. Peri-urban parks play a crucial role in enhancing urban living conditions and promoting contact with nature. However, assessing environmental equity and visitor disparities in peri -urban parks requires a thorough understanding of visitation patterns, which has been lacking in previous research. To bridge the gap, this study utilizes mobile phone big data from over 40,000 visitors to peri -urban parks in Tokyo. We applied Local Moran's I, Lorenz Curve, Gini coefficient, and K-means clustering methods to scrutinize accessibility and disparities among residents of Tokyo's 23 special wards and within distinct visitor groups. The findings reveal significant insights: Firstly, mobile-based indicators expose disparities, underscoring the relevance of human activities in assessing peri -urban park accessibility, variations in these indicators highlight the need for a multi-dimensional approach. Secondly, Gini coefficient analysis of mobile-based and two-step floating catchment area (2SFCA) indicators suggest that extending the service radius beyond 10 km could mitigate environmental inequity. Furthermore, visitation disparities are more distinctly illustrated through mobile-derived visitor subgroups compared to age-demographic groups. These findings offer valuable insights for decision-makers in park planning policy, enabling the development of strategies that address accessibility inequity while establishing effective classifications for peri -urban park visitor groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive evaluation system for park recreational services is proposed. • Urban parks recreational services exhibit spatial clustering. • Community parks are crucial in promoting overall spatial equity of urban parks. • It is necessary to limit the size of regional parks in a compact city. • Recreational environment quality equity surpasses recreational opportunity equity. Spatial equity in urban park recreational services can significantly contribute to sustainable urban planning. However, there are shortcomings in research comparing the spatial equity of different categories of parks and urban parks overall from the perspective of recreational opportunities and recreational environment quality available to residents across various neighborhoods. In this paper, emphasizing park access within a 10-minute walk, we proposed an evaluation system at the neighborhood level for regional parks, community parks, and urban parks overall (regional and community parks combined) from this under-researched perspective. Taking Singapore as a case study, the feasibility of this evaluation system has been verified. We applied Lorenz curve, Gini coefficient, locational entropy, and spatial autocorrelation analysis to compare the differences of horizontal spatial equity and spatial distribution patterns of different categories of parks and urban parks overall from the perspective of recreational opportunities and recreational environment quality. Results showed that the horizontal spatial inequity of recreational opportunities is higher than that of recreational environment quality with respect to regional parks, community parks, and urban parks overall. Compared with regional parks, community parks have a greater effect on improving the horizontal spatial equity of recreational opportunities and recreational environment quality of urban parks overall. Park recreational opportunities and recreational environment quality available to residents in each neighborhood have significant spatial accumulation patterns. The evaluation system and its application enable a more comprehensive assessment of the spatial distribution of neighborhood-level park recreational opportunities and recreational environment quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of the economic crisis in Pakistan, debt has had a negative impact on life and is perhaps one of the biggest causes of rising deprivation over the decades. This study examines the impact of debt services on income distribution in Pakistan, analyzed with time-series data from 1984 to 2018. This has shown that currency devaluation is a threat to income distribution in developing countries. The previous analysis shows that international remittances to developing countries have a positive effect. The Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) was the method used to examine the impact of debt on income distribution. The findings illustrate the significant and positive relationship between debt service and Gini Coefficient Index, which shows that an increase in debt will result in an increase in income distribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Sociología is the property of Federacion Espanola de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciência & Saúde Coletiva is the property of Associacao Brasileira de Pos-Graduacao em Saude Coletiva and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Turkey, which suffers from both undersupply of physicians, nurses and midwives and imbalanced distribution of healthcare personnel, has been developing and implementing various policies to solve these problems. The Ministry of Health launched the Health Transformation Program in 2003 for effective, efficient and fair provision of healthcare services for all people. This study aimed to take a closer look at the impact of policies implemented to reduce the imbalance of the distribution of human resources for health for the past 15 years in Turkey. Methods: Data for the distributional imbalance obtained from Ministry of Health registries was analysed by using Lorenz curves and Gini coefficient for the years 2002, 2005, 2008, 2012 and 2016. Results: Geographical imbalances for healthcare professions decreased distinguishably during the 15 years. Gini coefficient was 0.33 for specialist distribution in 2002, and decreased gradually to 0.26 in 2008 and finally 0.21 in 2016. Similarly, Gini coefficients were 0.18, 0.20 and 0.25 for general practitioners, nurses and midwives, respectively, in 2002. In 2012, Gini coefficients for the same professionals were calculated as 0.09, 0.11 and 0.19, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the policies targeting the distribution of healthcare personnel in Turkey have yielded positive results. Yet it is evident that these results are not due to a single action. It is essential to improve existing implementations, identify the instruments and factors that satisfy and motivate healthcare personnel, and continue developing and implementing comprehensive policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water pollution control is a challenging task in water resources management. It is widely believed that integrating efficiency and fairness of socio-economic factors is an effective solution for water problems of inland Lake Basin. In this paper, a hierarchical approach of Tri-level Pollutant Loading Allocation (TPLA) was developed for the optimal allocation of pollutant load reduction. In TPLA, pollutant load reduction amount were allocated top-down, from basin scale to outlet scale, in three levels based on minimum marginal cost, Environmental Gini Coefficient (EGC) and water quality modeling to meet the set water quality goal. Tangxun Lake Basin, Wuhan, Central China, was selected as a case study. Results showed that the total CODMn loads reduction of point sources and non-point sources was allocated to 201.1 t/a and 24.1 t/a, respectively at the first level. Secondly, the districts within the lake basin are to cut off emission amount to different extent by minimizing EGC population to 0.22 and EGCIAV to 0.50. Minimum EGC method seems more adaptable to solve the inequality between pollution and population than that of industrial added value. At the third level, the largest reduction amount of 142.21 t/a was at Bee Jiaotou Plant outlet at Miaoshan District, followed by two outlets of 10.41 t/a in Zhifang District. Other outlets cut their emission by less than 10 t/a. The TPLA model can give an optimal pollutant loads allocation for the various pollutant sources, and is easy to understand for stakeholders and flexible to apply in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Stewart (1947) and Clark (1951) proposed that urban population density is a negative exponential function of the distance from a city's center. This model of the spatial distribution of urban population density has been influential in urban economics, transportation planning, and urban demography. Duncan (1957) suggested characterizing the inequality in the distribution of urban population density in this model by using standard economic measures of concentration or unevenness: the Lorenz curve, the Gini coefficient, and the Hoover dissimilarity index. Batty (1974) advocated measuring concentration using relative entropy. OBJECTIVE We execute Duncan's (1957) and Batty's (1974) suggestions using mathematical analysis, not simulations. METHODS We modify the negative exponential model to recognize that any city has a finite radius. RESULTS Mathematical analysis reveals that all four measures of concentration depend sensitively on the finite radius of the city in the negative exponential model. We give a numerical example of the sensitivity of the concentration measures to the boundary radius. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to analyze the influence of socioeconomic factors on the frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil. This cross-sectional study analyzed data from all Brazilian cities in the period 2011-2017. The frequency of diagnoses of oral mucosal changes and the number of hospitalized patients of oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil were extracted from the Primary Care Information System (SIAB) and Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA) databases. The socioeconomic factors evaluated were the Gini coefficient of inequality, municipal Human Development Index (MHDI), inadequate basic sanitation rate, employment rate, illiteracy rate and expected years of schooling. Associated factors were examined using bivariate Spearman's correlations and multivariate Poisson regressions, and statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlations between study variables and regression coefficients were obtained. A higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes was observed in cities with a higher Gini coefficient (B = 11.614; p < 0.001), higher MHDI (B = 11.298; p < 0.001), and higher number of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer (B = 0.001, p < 0.002). Cities with higher Gini coefficients (B = 8.159, p < 0.001), higher inadequate basic sanitation rates (B = 0.09, p = 0.001), lower expected years of schooling (B = -0.718, p < 0.001), and higher illiteracy rates (B = 0.191, p < 0.001) had a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer. In conclusion, more developed cities showed a higher frequency of diagnoses of mucosal changes. Greater inequality and worse socioeconomic conditions are associated with a higher frequency of hospitalized patients with oral and oropharyngeal cancer in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]