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Gut microbial catechol dehydroxylases are a largely uncharacterized family of metalloenzymes that potentially impact human health by metabolizing dietary polyphenols. Here, we use metatranscriptomics (MTX) to identify highly transcribed catechol-dehydroxylase-encoding genes in human gut microbiomes. We discover a prevalent, previously uncharacterized catechol dehydroxylase (Gp Hcdh) from Gordonibacter pamelaeae that dehydroxylates hydrocaffeic acid (HCA), an anti-inflammatory gut microbial metabolite derived from plant-based foods. Further analyses suggest that the activity of Gp Hcdh may reduce anti-inflammatory benefits of polyphenol-rich foods. Together, these results show the utility of combining MTX analysis and biochemical characterization for gut microbial enzyme discovery and reveal a potential link between host inflammation and a specific polyphenol-metabolizing gut microbial enzyme. [Display omitted] • Metatranscriptomics analysis identifies prevalent gut bacterial catechol dehydroxylases • A catechol dehydroxylase from G. pamelaeae (Gp Hcdh) is highly transcribed in vivo • Gp Hcdh dehydroxylates hydrocaffeic acid, an abundant anti-inflammatory polyphenol • Gp Hcdh level correlates with anti-inflammatory activity of cruciferous vegetables Bae et al. uncover that a highly transcribed member (Gp Hcdh) of the gut bacterial catechol dehydroxylase family metabolizes hydrocaffeic acid, an abundant anti-inflammatory polyphenol. Analyses of human data suggest that the activity of Gp Hcdh may reduce anti-inflammatory activity of foods that are major sources of hydrocaffeic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the breeding ecology of Whinchats Saxicola rubetra in four tiny (less than 10 breeding pairs) populations in nature reserves in the Dutch province of Drenthe. We focussed on reproductive rates (laying date, clutch size, hatchling number, breeding success), proportion of unpaired males and nestling diet. Breeding pairs appeared to cluster together, thereby leaving other seemingly suitable parts of the area unoccupied. Clutch size, nest and pair success were similar to or higher than those in other studies. Laying of first eggs peaked during 16–20 May and laying dates had not advanced since the 1950s, in contrast to many other songbirds. We found 34% of the males remained unpaired, limiting the population reproduction rate. Whinchats provided their nestlings primarily with beetles and caterpillars and feeding frequency appeared to depend on prey species. Higher feeding frequencies may lead to a higher risk of nest predation. Being single-brooded, Whinchat populations may be more affected by nest predation than populations of multi-brooded species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Deutsche Zeitschrift für Akupunktur is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim was to review the role of adjuvant therapies that may potentially contribute toward the management of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). Methods: The addressed focused question was, "Are there any adjuvant therapies that may contribute toward the management of TMD?". Indexed databases were searched up to June 2021. The eligibility criteria were the following: (a) original clinical studies and (b) randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Results: Adjuvant therapies were comprised of acupuncture, manual therapy, jaw exercises, dietary modifications, botulinum toxin therapy, and photobiomodulation. Short-term follow-up results from each of these RCTs showed beneficial effects in terms of pain reduction and improvements in jaw movement among patients with TMD. There are no long-term follow-up results in this regard. Conclusion: The most effective adjunct treatment for managing TMD remains unknown, primarily due to a lack of sufficient scientific evidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adequate energy intake is essential for good clinical outcomes. The association between energy intake and readmission burden of patients with heart failure (HF) still needs to be clarified. Objective: In this study, our aim was to determine the association between energy intake and readmission in patients with HF. Methods: A total of 311 inpatientswith HF were recruited. Demographic and clinical information were collected during hospitalization; the daily diets of the participants were collected in the second week after discharge using the 3-day diet record, and the energy intake was calculated using a standardized nutrition calculator. The inadequate energy intake was defined as <70% x 25 kcal/kg of ideal body weight. The participantswere followed up for 12weeks after discharge. The number, reasons, and length of stay of unplanned readmissions were collected. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between inadequate energy intake, and readmission rate and readmission days. Results: The median of the energy intake of participantswas 1032 (interquartile range, 809-1266) kcal/d. The prevalence of inadequate energy intakewas 40%. Patientswith inadequate energy intake had a higher risk of unplanned readmission (odds ratio, 5.616; 95% confidence interval, 3.015-10.462; P < .001) and more readmission days (incidence rate ratio, 5.226; 95% confidence interval, 3.829-7.134, P < .001) after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions: Patients with HF had a high incidence of inadequate dietary energy intake, and it increases the burden of readmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal (GI) complications are a significant source of morbidity for people with cystic fibrosis (PwCF). Historically, dietary recommendations in CF have focused on calories, typically emphasizing a high fat diet. The changing landscape of CF highlights the need to update this nutritional strategy. There is little research into how the quality of calories consumed by PwCF influences nutritional outcomes, GI symptoms, or likely contributors: intestinal inflammation and GI microbiology. We assessed the feasibility of a whole foods-based diet (WFD) and avoidance of ultra-processed foods, measuring safety/tolerability, adherence, and GI symptoms, as well as fecal measures of inflammation and microbiota among children with CF (CwCF) with GI symptoms. Single center, 4-week dietary intervention involving CwCF aged 5–14 years who screened positive on GI symptom questionnaire. Assessments included weight, symptom questionnaires and adverse events (AEs). Stool was analyzed for microbiota (16S rRNA) and calprotectin. 108 children were pre-screened, 9 enrolled and 8 initiated and completed the study. There were no significant changes in weight and no AEs. PEDS-QL GI identified overall improvement in symptoms. Certain symptom domains (constipation, diarrhea, gas/bloating, stomach pain and hurt) demonstrated significant improvement on the WFD. Of two participants with abnormal fecal calprotectin at enrollment, both exhibited decreased values on WFD. There was no significant change in microbiota diversity. A WFD diet was feasible and safe in CwCF. There was improvement in GI symptom scores based on both parent and child assessments. Larger studies are needed to further investigate effects on intestinal inflammation and microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Higher Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) reduces heart failure (HF) risk in older adults. • Lifestyle OBS is more closely linked to HF in older adults than dietary OBS. • OBS exhibits a threshold effect on the impact of HF in older adults. Heart failure (HF) imposes a substantial burden on older adults, and healthy diets and lifestyles may bring with benefits. However, quantifiable studies on the dietary and lifestyle risk factors for HF are scant. The Oxidative Balance Score (OBS) reflects the oxidative stress status of dietary components and lifestyle factors, but its relationship with HF risk is unclear. We aims to explore the association between OBS and the prevalence of HF. Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005–2018, the association between OBS and the HF prevalence was analyzed by weighted logistic regression and restricted cubic splines (RCS). Subgroup and sensitivity analyses assessed the stability of the results. The prevalence of HF in the cohort of 6238 older adults was 5.55 %. Compared to the lowest quintile, the adjusted ORs for HF in the highest quintile of OBS and lifestyle OBS were 0.57 (95 % CI: 0.33,0.97) and 0.21 (95 %CI: 0.09,0.50), respectively. The association between OBS and HF prevalence remained stable across different models and subgroups. RCS revealed a potential inflection point. Sensitivity analysis validated the negative association between OBS and HF prevalence, and the correlation analysis between OBS and serum γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GGT) confirmed the reliability of the study design. The OBS is negatively associated with HF prevalence in older adults, and may help prevent HF in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population-based studies suggest an inverse relationship between the dietary share of ultra-processed foods (UPF), as defined by NOVA classification, and the overall dietary nutritional quality. However, few studies have evaluated the impact of ultra-processed foods on the fatty acid profile of the diet. The aim of this study was to assess the association between consumption of UPF and the fatty acids profile of the diet in Portugal. Cross-sectional data from IAN-AF 2015–2016 were used for this study. Food consumption data were collected through two 24-h food recalls, and food items were classified according to the NOVA system. For both adults and elderly, the contents of total fatty acids (TFA), saturated fatty acids (SFA) and trans fatty (TRFA) were higher in the fraction of UPF, compared to the other three NOVA groups, while [monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA)+, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)/SFA] ratio was lower. The UPF population attributable fraction (PAF) demonstrated that if the dietary contribution of UPF was reduced to levels observed in the first quintile, statistically significant reductions in the prevalence of inadequate intakes of fatty acids would be observed for adults [TRFA (PAF 98.37%, 95% CI 87.27–99.79) and SFA (PAF 37.26%, 95% CI 25.46–47.19)] and for elderly [TRFA (PAF 94.61%, 95% CI 77.59–98.71) and PUFA (PAF 98.28, 95% CI 48.22–99.94)]. In this study the consumption of UPF was associated with a worse fatty acids profile in the Portuguese diet, adding evidence regarding the negative impact of UPF on diet quality. • The consumption of ultra-processed foods was associated with a worse fatty acids profile in the Portuguese diet. • Reduction in consumption of ultra-processed foods can lead to significant reductions in the inadequate fatty acids intake. • Reducing consumption of ultra-processed foods may represent an important prevention strategy against cardiovascular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Both diet and physical activity are important cornerstones for cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. Despite their inherent connections, they are rarely considered jointly in epidemiological studies. • Our study based on 85,545 Australian adults aged 45–74 years is among the first to examine the interactive and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD outcomes. • Neither diet nor moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA) was significantly associated with CVD hospitalization. However, having >20% of total MVPA from vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) was associated with slightly lower risk of CVD hospitalization. Total MVPA of ≥300 min/week was associated with lower risk of CVD mortality. • Both a high-quality diet and ≥10 min/week of MVPA were associated with a lower risk of all-cause mortality. Accounting for total MVPA, any non-zero level of VPA was associated with lower risk of all-cause mortality. • The multiplicative interaction between diet and physical activity was non-significant for all outcomes. For all outcomes, the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories. A quality diet and an active lifestyle are both important cornerstones of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. However, despite their interlinked effects on metabolic health, the 2 behaviors are rarely considered jointly, particularly within the context of CVD prevention. We examined the independent, interactive, and joint associations of diet and physical activity with CVD hospitalization, CVD mortality, and all-cause mortality. CVD-free Australian participants aged 45–74 years (n = 85,545) reported physical activity, diet, sociodemographic, and lifestyle characteristics at baseline (2006–2009) and follow-up (2012–2015), and data were linked to hospitalization and death registries (03/31/2019 for CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality and 12/08/2017 for CVD mortality). Diet quality was categorized as low, medium, and high based on meeting dietary recommendations. Physical activity was operationalized as (a) total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) as per guidelines, and (b) the composition of MVPA as the ratio of vigorous-intensity physical activity (VPA) to total MVPA. We used a left-truncated cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model using time-varying covariates. During a median of 10.7 years of follow-up, 6576 participants were admitted to the hospital for CVD and 6581 died from all causes (876 from CVD during 9.3 years). A high-quality diet was associated with a 17% lower risk of all-cause mortality than a low-quality diet, and the highest MVPA category (compared with the lowest) was associated with a 44% and 48% lower risk of CVD and all-cause mortality, respectively. Multiplicative interactions between diet and physical activity were non-significant. For all outcomes, the lowest risk combinations involved a high-quality diet and the highest MVPA categories. Accounting for total MVPA, some VPA was associated with further risk reduction of CVD hospitalization and all-cause mortality. For CVD prevention and longevity, one should adhere to both a healthy diet and an active lifestyle and incorporate some VPA when possible. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Konuralp Medical Journal / Konuralp Tip Dergisi is the property of Duzce University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Practical relevance: Phosphorus is an essential nutrient required for the normal function of every cell in the body and a deficiency in dietary phosphorus may lead to adverse effects. Conversely, high dietary phosphorus may cause kidney damage in otherwise healthy adult cats, particularly when provided in highly bioavailable forms and when the calcium-to-phosphorus ratio is low. For cats that have chronic kidney disease (CKD), phosphorus is the most important mineral in its pathogenesis and morbidity. As the disease progresses, elevated phosphorus may increase the risk of complications such as soft tissue mineralization, which can lead to a further decrease in renal function. Additionally, the hormones secreted in response to increased circulating phosphorus have harmful effects, such as bone resorption, and can cause cardiovascular pathology. Very low phosphorus diets can also be problematic in cats with early CKD, potentially leading to hypercalcemia. Clinical challenges: There is currently a lack of maximum safety limits for dietary phosphorus in accepted nutritional guidelines in North American and Europe, which makes it difficult to assess the safety of some higher phosphorus cat foods. Additionally, information regarding phosphorus bioavailability is unknown for many diets and there are no commercially available tests. Similarly, there is no consensus regarding phosphorus requirement and recommended intake in cats with International Renal Interest Society stage 1-4 CKD despite there being targets for serum phosphorus. Aims: This review evaluates dietary phosphorus in healthy cats and cats with renal disease, and describes how newer research is informing evolving clinical approaches in feline nutrition. Audience: The article is aimed at general practitioners, internal medicine specialists and veterinary nutritionists. Evidence base: Information provided in this article is drawn from the published literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeting effective strategies to prevent cognitive decline is key in the aging population. Some diets have been linked to a slower cognitive decline, potentially through reducing inflammation. We aimed at determining the effect of inflammatory dietary patterns (IDPs) on cognitive function in three population-based cohorts. In this longitudinal study, we analyzed data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, CoLaus|PsyCoLaus and Rotterdam Study. Our analytical sample included participants over 55 years old with baseline data on cognition, dietary intake, and inflammatory markers. IDPs were derived for each cohort using reduced rank regression to reflect maximal variation in three inflammatory markers. We calculated scores of consumption of the IDPs, higher scores indicating more IDP consumption. We used inverse probability of treatment and censoring weights in the marginal structural models to estimate associations of higher versus lower quarters of consumption of an IDP on general cognition (Mini-Mental State Evaluation) and four cognitive domains (memory, verbal fluency, verbal learning and processing speed and executive function) during at least 3 years of follow-up. We included 10,366 participants (mean age 68) followed-up for a mean of 5 years. Diet explained between 1 and 2% of the variation of the inflammatory markers. There were no differences in general cognition when comparing the highest to the lowest quarter of consumption of IDPs among the three cohorts. Mean differences for the four cognitive domains were of small magnitude across cohorts and not clinically relevant. Diet explained low variation in inflammatory markers. Consuming IDPs was not associated with mean differences in general or domain-specific cognitive function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Short bowel syndrome is the most common reversible cause of intestinal failure. Most of the children are started on parenteral nutrition (PN) after surgery to enable growth and allow time for intestinal adaptation. This is a process whereby the shorter length of bowel is able to achieve complete function as if the entire length of bowel is present. With management advances, most children with short bowel syndrome can discontinue PN and establish full enteral feeds. This article mainly focuses on the complications of short bowel syndrome that need to be avoided for the child to achieve intestinal adaptation, establish on enteral feeds/oral diet and achieve enteral autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) is an indicator of dietary diversity, a key component of diet quality in women of reproductive age (WRA). Limited information is available regarding its applicability in other population groups. Objective: To examine the ability of the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) of 5-food groups cutoff to predict micronutrient adequacy in men and women 15 to 65 years old from 8 Latin American countries. Methods: We used a 24-hour recall from 9216 participants in the Latin American Study on Nutrition and Health (ELANS) to determine Dietary Diversity Score (DDS) based on the consumption of 10 food groups. The Mean Probability of Adequacy (MPA) was associated with DDS for the overall sample, for men, WRA, and women of nonreproductive age (WNRA). Sensitivity and specificity analyses were performed to determine if the 5-food groups cutoff point for MDD can be used to correctly identify men, WRA, and WNRA with adequate micronutrient adequacy (MPA ≥ 0.70). Results: We found a mean DDS of 4.78 ± 1.33 and an MPA of 0.64 ± 0.16, with 59% of participants showing a diverse diet (DDS ≥ 5). The 5-food groups-cutoff point showed a better balance between sensitivity and specificity predicting an MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA. MPA was significantly associated with DDS in WRA and for men and WNRA, as well. Conclusion: The 5-food group MDD, originally intended to be used in WRA, performed equally well in predicting MPA ≥0.70 in men, WRA, and WNRA, and can be used as a proxy of micronutrient adequacy in Latin American population. Plain language title: Assessment of the FAO Minimum Dietary Diversity Index to Estimate Micronutrients Intake in Urban Cities of 8 Latin America Countries Plain language summary: The Women's Dietary Diversity Score (WDDS) proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization is an indicator that measures the variety of foods consumed by women of reproductive age (WRA), and it has been reported in several studies that the more diverse the diet, the greater the probability of meeting micronutrients requirements. This indicator has not been validated in other population, but few studies have been conducted in the Latin American region. So, we aimed to investigate whether the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) established for WRA could also predict sufficient micronutrient intake in men and women aged 15 to 65 years in the Latin American population. To accomplish this objective, we used data from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (Estudio Latino Americano de Nutrición y Salud—ELANS) that collected dietary data from 24-h recalls from 9216 participants and analyzed the association between DDS and the Mean Probability of Adequacy (MPA). Additionally, we determined if the MDD cutoff point could correctly identify individuals with appropriate vitamin and mineral intake. We found that the overall mean DDS was 4.78 ± 1.33, the MPA was 0.64 ± 0.16, and approximately 59% of participants had a diverse diet. The MDD of 5-food groups cutoff point was demonstrated to be useful in predicting sufficient micronutrient intake for men, WRA, and women over 50 years. Respondents with a DDS ≥5 had higher micronutrient adequacy. These findings suggest that DDS can serve as a proxy for assessing micronutrient adequacy in urban populations beyond WRA. The effect of promoting diverse diets on micronutrient adequacy as part of intervention programs can be captured by the DDS in urban Latin American populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increasing prevalence of female fertility requires the identification of potentially modifiable factors and non-pharmacological treatments. There is strong evidence that healthy preconception dietary patterns of women of reproductive age have a beneficial effect on fertility. In accordance with the hypothesis, the aim of the study is to evaluate the influence of diet on overweight and obesity in infertile women as well as the correlation of serum lipid concentration by making a comparison between three observed groups with different body mass index (BMI). A total of 107 women who were treated for infertility were investigated. Diet and food pattern survey, BMI, and lipidogram determination from venous blood samples were carried out. The determination of lipidogram parameters was carried out by enzymatic colorimetric test with the COBAS INTEGRA 400 apparatus. From the total number of patients included in the study (107), infertile women with abnormal BMI accounted for 26.16%, while fertile women with normal BMI accounted for 73.83% (p<0.001). The total cholesterol value for groups with BMI>25 kg/m² was 6.78 mmol/L (p=0.031). High triglycerides with increased BMI were observed (2.27 mmol/L versus 2.68 mmol/L) (p=0.028). Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol had higher concentrations in obese women (n=28), and high-density lipoproteincholesterol had lower concentrations in women with BMI>25 km² (p<0.05). Western dietary patterns of nutrition results in obesity and increased BMI values in infertile women. Increased BMI has a positive correlation with lipid profile in obese infertile women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 10-year-old, 38.5 kg, male neutered golden retriever was evaluated for a 2-year history of growling, baring teeth, and biting his owners. The dog also displayed disorientation, increased vocalization, altered interactions with the female owner, anxiety, and nighttime restlessness. A primary diagnosis of cognitive dysfunction syndrome and concurrent diagnosis of owner-directed aggression related to altered cognition or awareness, pain/discomfort, and impulse control/conflict was made based on the dog's age, behavioral signs, and exclusion of medical causes. The owners were provided with a treatment plan that included environmental and safety management, reward-based behavior modification, and an antioxidant-rich diet. After the addition of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) and a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (trazodone), the dog's clinical signs were significantly improved within six months and sustained during a 2-year follow-up period. • A 10-year-old dog presented for aggression towards the owners, disorientation, increased vocalization, altered social interactions, anxiety, and nighttime restlessness. • A primary diagnosis of canine cognitive dysfunction and concurrent diagnosis of owner directed aggression related to altered cognition or awareness, pain/discomfort, and impulse control/conflict was made based on the dog's age and behavioral signs and exclusion of medical causes. • Treatment included management, reward-based behavior modification, an antioxidant-rich diet, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (fluoxetine) and a serotonin antagonist and reuptake inhibitor (trazodone). • Improvement of clinical signs was noted within 6 months and sustained during a 2-year follow-up period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People with HIV (PWH) are at an increased risk for cognitive impairment. Lifestyle factors can have protective effects on cognition; little work has examined diet and cognitive function in PWH. In this cross-sectional pilot study, 86 PWH (mean age 56 years) completed diet recalls and a neurocognitive assessment. Correlations were conducted between diet and cognitive function, adjusting for total calories, sex, and education (multiple comparison correction p values are reported). Diet quality of the sample was poor. Greater calories per day (r = 0.28, p 5.08) and greater percentage of calories from saturated fatty acids (SFAs; r = 0.26, p = 0.08) were associated with better cognition. Higher intake of SFAs (rs 0.30--0.31, ps = 0.07), amino acids (rs = 0.27, ps = 0.08), and phosphorus (r = 0.29, p = .07) and magnesium (r = 0.25, p = .08) were associated with better cognition. A diet reflecting higher protein and fat relative to carbohydrates was associated with better cognition. Targeting individual nutrients, improving diet quality, and adequate caloric intake may preserve cognition in PWH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to longitudinally investigate dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores and their interaction in relation to risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) recurrence and all-cause mortality. Data of two prospective cohort studies among CRC survivors was used. Information about diet and/or lifestyle was available for 2739 individuals for at least one of the following time points: at diagnosis, six months after diagnosis and two years after diagnosis. The dietary and lifestyle inflammation scores (DIS and LIS) were used to evaluate the inflammatory potential of diet and lifestyle. Joint modelling, combining mixed models and Cox proportional hazards regression, were used to assess associations between DIS and LIS over time and CRC recurrence and all-cause mortality. Interactions between DIS and LIS were assessed using time-dependent Cox proportional hazard regression. The median follow-up time was 4.8 (IQR 2.9–6.9) years for recurrence and 5.7 (IQR 3.5–8.5) years for all-cause mortality, with 363 and 453 events, respectively. A higher DIS as well as LIS was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR DIScontinuous 1.09 95%CI 1.02; 1.15; HR LIScontinuous 1.24 95%CI 1.05; 1.46). Individuals who were in the upper tertile of both DIS and LIS had the highest all-cause mortality risk (HR 1.62 95%CI 1.16; 2.28), compared to the individuals in the lowest tertile of both DIS and LIS. No consistent associations with recurrence were observed. A more pro-inflammatory diet and lifestyle was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, but not recurrence, in CRC survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints in the United States, and multiple interventions and behavioral changes are often required to alleviate it. Vegetables are often one of the diet recommendations for constipated patients, but the amount required for constipation impact is still limited. Methods: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study with the 2006 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Patients >20 years old were stratified into four quartiles of vegetable intake. We used multivariable logistic regression to determine the association between vegetable intake and constipation status as recorded in the database. Results: A total of 13,832 patients were included in the study. The average age was 50.5 years; 49.6% of the population was Caucasian, and 26.43% were Hispanic. In the population, 9.93% had constipation, and 92.65% had vegetable consumption. After adjusting for multiple factors, patients with larger vegetable consumption had lower odds of constipation (adjusted odds ratio 0.60; 95% confidence interval 0.49, 0.73; P < 0.001) when compared to the first quartile. Postpropensity score matching revealed similar statistical significance. Conclusion: A larger amount of vegetable intake is associated with lower odds of constipation. Additional investigations on vegetable subtype, as well as the longitudinal relationship, are required to understand this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of our study was to examine the association between composite dietary antioxidant index (CDAI) and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in adults. Data was gathered from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2001 and 2018. To examine the connection between CDAI and ASCVD, multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. Restricted cubic splines were utilized to examine non-linear correlations, and the inflection point was identified using a two-piecewise linear regression approach. Subgroup analyses were performed to demonstrate stability of results. A total of 44,494 individuals were included in the study. The multivariate logistic regression model was fully adjusted and revealed an odds ratio of 0.968 (95% CI: 0.959–0.978; P < 0.001) for the correlation between CDAI and ASCVD. Furthermore, individuals in the highest quartile of CDAI exhibited a decreased risk of ASCVD compared to those in the lowest quartile [0.716 (0.652–0.787); P < 0.001]. Moreover, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis revealed non-linear relationship between CDAI and ASCVD, with inflection point at −0.387. The analysis of subgroups showed that the importance of CDAI remained consistent among various age, sex, race, body mass index (BMI), and physical activity. Our research revealed an inverse and non-linear relationship between CDAI and ASCVD in adults. The implications of these findings are significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines. • Our research revealed the association between composite dietary antioxidant index and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. • The composite dietary antioxidant index was negatively associated with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. • Our findings were significant for future studies and the formulation of dietary guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the relationship between the cumulative intake of artificially sweetened beverages (ASBs) and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) during young adulthood and the progression of coronary artery calcium (CAC) by midlife, using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study. We included 2,466 participants with CAC measurement via computed tomography at the 15th, 20th, and 25th year follow-ups. Dietary intake was assessed using the CARDIA Diet History at baseline and years 7. Cumulative average beverage intake was calculated and categorized. Multivariable Cox regression models adjusted for demographic, lifestyle, and cardiovascular risk factors assessed associations between beverages consumption and CAC progression. Among the included participants, 1107 (44.9 %) were male, 1439 (58.4 %) were white, and the average age was 40.4 years with a standard deviation of 3.5 years. Over a 9.2±1.8-year follow-up, CAC progression was recorded in 715 participants. Higher cumulative ASBs intake was associated with increased CAC progression risk, with hazard ratios (95%CI, P -value) for low and high ASBs consumption being 1.35 (1.14, 1.60; P < 0.001) and 1.54 (1.15, 2.07; P < 0.001) compared to non-consumers. Participants consuming >2 servings/day of SSBs had a 37 % higher CAC progression risk (HR 1.37, 95 % CI 1.14–1.64, P < 0.001). However, no significant association was found between SSB consumption and CAC progression after adjusting for confounders. Prolonged consumption of beverages, especially ASBs, in young adults is linked to an increased risk of CAC progression. [Display omitted] • Cumulative intake of ASBs and SSBs assessed in the CARDIA study. • Long-term ASB intake in young adults is linked to higher risk of CAC progression by midlife. • Higher ASBs intake linked to a 54 % increased risk of CAC progression compared to non-consumers. • The study indicated the need to reconsider dietary guidelines promoting ASBs as a healthier alternative to SSBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to synthesize the available evidence from the relationship between adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) and academic performance in children and adolescents. A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted, which adhered to the guidelines outlined in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library) were examined from inception to April 8th, 2024. Eighteen studies were included in the current systematic review and sixteen in the meta-analysis. The relationship between adherence to the MedDiet and academic performance among children and adolescents was statistically significant (Pearson's correlation coefficient [ r ] = 0.17, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14 to 0.21, p < 0.001; inconsistency index [ I 2] = 56.7%). The influence analysis revealed that removing individual studies one at a time did not result in any changes to the overall results (p < 0.05 in all cases). A higher adherence to the MedDiet could play a relevant role in academic performance among children and adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maintaining an ideal weight is difficult for many people. For those who have reduced energy requirements, such as people with a spinal cord injury (SCI), maintaining a healthy weight can be more challenging. There are many barriers, including difficulties with increasing energy expenditure. This article discusses these challenges along with the increased health risks of diabetes and coronary heart disease seen within this population. Through a review of the literature, some practical solutions are provided. These include having weight management programmes starting soon after injury, education including carers', and focusing on behavioural change techniques as part of a multidisciplinary approach to encouraging a healthy lifestyle, lifelong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagnosis of low back pain can be intriguing and complex. Careful history-taking and physical examination are essential to ensure red flags (serious issues) are not missed, that treatment is appropriate, evidence-based and timely, and that follow-up and review are well documented and understood by the patient. This article covers some of the more common causes of back pain in primary and urgent care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

»Von der Selbstoptimierung zum Minimalismus - und zurück. Die Versprechen und Praktiken des Fastens in Frankreich«. This article is based on a research project about fasting, an ancient practice that is gaining popularity in France due to its potential benefits for well-being, health, and weight loss. This quest for less seems therefore to meet the neoliberal logic of performance. As such, we consider it to be an original form of self-optimization that would consist in doing more with less. Our paper shows that fasting is not only about maximizing the use of the body but also a means of self-management that can promote greater food reflexivity and even lead to lifestyle changes. The material collected combines an analysis of claims made in favor of fasting on the internet, as well as on smartphone apps, and a qualitative study conducted on people who engage in the practice (intermittent or periodic fasting). Two main findings emerged from this research. Firstly, the trajectories that led the interviewees to fasting show that engagement into this "dietary minimalism" requires to distance oneself from dietary norms and, for some, implies a phenomenon of social distinction. Next, the analysis of both purported benefits and concrete practices reveals the importance of the processual dimension: fasting seems to trigger a deconstruction of the everyday through the experience of less. Finally, food and eating appears to be a particular focal point for self-optimization that then could spill over into other areas. As an initial trial, it can open up other methods of optimization and other forms of simplification: "fasting begets fasting." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to assess the trends in the proportions of weight loss efforts among Korean adolescents aged 10–18 years from 2005 to 2021, examining variations based on weight status, to examine factors related to weight loss efforts by weight status, and to evaluate weight loss efforts based on the combination of measured and self-perceived weight status. Complex sample design analyses were conducted on a dataset comprising 10,760 adolescents, utilizing information from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a nationally representative dataset. Participants were categorized into non-overweight and overweight groups using a BMI percentile threshold of 85. 22–29 % of non-overweight adolescents and 54–77 % of adolescents with overweight engaged in weight loss efforts. Among adolescents who attempted to lose weight from 2005 to 2017, 39.5–57.1 % tried both of diet and exercise, 22.7–47.4 % tried exercise alone, and 10.2–26.7 % tried diet alone. Female gender, older age, and higher self-perceived weight status were associated with increased odds of weight loss efforts, irrespective of actual weight status. For adolescents perceiving themselves as obese, the odds of attempting weight loss were 8.32 for non-overweight boys, 2.02 for non-overweight girls, 15.28 for overweight boys, and 5.77 for overweight girls compared to controls who were non-overweight and perceived themselves as not obese. Weight loss efforts among Korean adolescents aged 10 to 18 remained consistent irrespective of their actual weight over 16 years. Throughout this period, adolescents who perceived themselves as obese were more likely to attempt weight loss, independent of their true weight status. Hence, subjective weight perception plays a significant role in influencing weight loss behaviors among adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies on the impact of intermittent fasting on periodontal health are still scarce. Thus, this study evaluated the effects of long‐term intermittent fasting on periodontal health and the subgingival microbiota. Methods: This pilot study was part of a nonrandomized controlled trial. Overweight/obese participants (n = 14) entered an intermittent fasting program, specifically the 5:2 diet, in which they restricted caloric intake to about a quarter of the normal total daily caloric expenditure for two nonconsecutive days/week. Subjects underwent a thorough clinical and laboratory examination, including an assessment of their periodontal condition, at baseline and 6 months after starting the diet. Additionally, subgingival microbiota was assessed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results: After 6 months of intermittent fasting, weight, body mass index, C‐reactive protein, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), and the cholesterol profile improved significantly (p < 0.05). Moreover, significant reductions were observed in bleeding on probing (p = 0.01) and the presence of shallow periodontal pockets after fasting (p < 0.001), while no significant change was seen in plaque index (p = 0.14). While we did not observe significant changes in α‐ or β‐diversity of the subgingival microbiota related to dietary intervention (p > 0.05), significant differences were seen in the abundances of several taxa among individuals exhibiting ≥60% reduction (good responders) in probing pocket depth of 4–5 mm compared to those with <60% reduction (bad responders). Conclusion: Intermittent fasting decreased systemic and periodontal inflammation. Although the subgingival microbiota was unaltered by this intervention, apparent taxonomic variability was observed between good and bad responders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chewing gum (especially sugar-free gum) has been linked to improved oral health, however there is an absence of observational research using nationally-representative data in the United States. We sought to examine the factors associated with chewing gum and its relationship with the oral health status of U.S. adults. Cross-sectional data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2018 cycles were used in these analyses. Primary outcomes were the odds of having gum disease, treatment for gum disease, ever being told of bone loss around teeth, root caries, caries, and restoration. Unadjusted and multivariate logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship of chewing gum use with demographic/lifestyle factors and the oral health status of participants. 2.40% (n = 365) of adults were users of chewing gum and the average among users was 5.20 ± 0.40 g/d. Users of chewing gum were more likely to be female, younger in age, and non-Hispanic Black or Hispanic. Self-reported chewing gum use did not affect the oral health status of U.S. adults (OR: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.42–2.88 for gum disease; OR: 1.34, 95% CI: 0.64–2.81 for treatment for gum disease; OR: 0.56, 95% CI: 0.27–1.17 for bone loss around teeth; OR: 1.01, 95% CI: 0.32–3.12 for root caries; OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.54–1.69 for caries), except for restoration (OR: 3.54, 95% CI: 1.78–7.06), but was associated with improved diet quality (OR: 1.86, 95% CI: 1.11–3.12 for a healthy eating index (HEI) of 51–59; OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.08–3.56 for HEI of 60–93); and decreased intakes of snacks (OR: 1.64, 1.01–2.69), and added sugars. Future observational studies that more accurately capture chewing gum usage are needed, as these analyses have several limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a growing public health concern. The disease is silent, and its diagnosis is often delayed. Inflammatory markers constitute an interesting tool to act as subrogate, non-invasive markers. This study aimed to evaluate the changes of inflammatory markers throughout a two-year dietary intervention in subjects presenting MASLD, to determine which of the markers are suitable to predict the disease, and act as a customizing tool for MASLD's dietary treatment. Ninety-eight subjects with MASLD and forty-five controls from the Fatty Liver in Obesity (FLiO) Study were analyzed. MASLD was diagnosed and graded by ultrasound. The MASLD subjects were randomly assigned to two different dietary strategies, the American Heart Association (AHA diet) or a dietary strategy based on the Mediterranean pattern, which was specially designed for the study (FLiO diet), and then followed for two years. Hepatic status was additionally assessed through Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), elastography, and determination of transaminases. Inflammatory markers improved throughout the intervention in the MASLD subjects and managed to reach similar levels to controls, especially at 6 and 12 months. Additionally, leptin, adiponectin, M30, and LECT2 managed to significantly diagnose the disease at all time marks of the intervention, making them candidates for subrogate non-invasive markers of the disease. Moreover, baseline chemerin, leptin, LECT2, and M65 were used to build a predictive score to achieve greater weight loss, and therefore, which strategy could be more useful for MASLD 's treatment. The predictive score was significantly able assign a specific diet to 55% of the study participants, meaning that the remaining 45% could achieve the same amount of weight loss following either diet equally. Inflammatory markers constitute a potential non-invasive tool to be used in MASLD screening and could also constitute an interesting tool for MASLD's treatment customization, being able to predict the effectiveness of a dietary strategy based on the initial inflammatory state of each subject. www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03183193). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The consumption of added sugar has increased rapidly in recent years. Limited knowledge exists regarding the association between added sugar intake and muscle strength, although the latter is a predictor of physical disability in older adults. This study aimed to investigate the association between added sugar intake and longitudinal changes in handgrip strength among middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. This prospective cohort study included 5298 adults aged 40 years and older (62.6% men) from the TCLSIH (Tianjin Chronic Low-grade Systemic Inflammation and Health) cohort study. Added sugar intake was obtained through a frequency questionnaire containing 100 items of food. Handgrip strength is measured annually using a handheld digital dynamometer. Multivariate linear regression models were used to examine the association between added sugars intake and the annual changes in handgrip strength and weight-adjusted handgrip strength. In the fully adjusted model, the annual change in handgrip strength for one unit increase in total added sugar, solid added sugar, and liquid added sugar intake was −0.0353 kg, (95% confidence intervals (CI) −0.000148, −0.0000164; P = 0.01), −0.0348 kg (95% CI: −0.000227, −0.0000269; P = 0.01) and −0.0189 kg (95% CI -0.000187, 0.0000338; P = 0.17), respectively. Added sugar from bread and biscuits sources were remarkably associated with a decline in handgrip strength (β = −0.0498; 95%CI -0.00281, −0.000787) and (β = −0.0459; 95%CI 0.00158, 0.00733) (P < 0.01). Our data suggest that the higher the intake of solid added sugars, but not liquid sugars, were associated with the declined handgrip strength in the Chinese middle-aged and elderly population. In addition, the consumption of added sugars from bread and biscuits sources was also associated with a decline in grip strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research into the relationship between an Energy-adjusted Diet-Inflammatory Index (E-DII) and a wider health-related biomarkers profile is limited. Much of the existing evidence centers on traditional metabolic biomarkers in populations with chronic diseases, with scarce data on healthy individuals. Thus, this study aims to investigate the association between an E-DII score and 30 biomarkers spanning metabolic health, endocrine, bone health, liver function, cardiovascular, and renal functions, in healthy individuals. 66,978 healthy UK Biobank participants, the overall mean age was 55.3 (7.9) years were included in this cross-sectional study. E-DII scores, based on 18 food parameters, were categorised as anti-inflammatory (E-DII < -1), neutral (−1 to 1), and pro-inflammatory (>1). Regression analyses, adjusted for confounding factors, were conducted to investigate the association of 30 biomarkers with E-DII. Compared to those with an anti-inflammatory diet, individuals with a pro-inflammatory diet had increased levels of 16 biomarkers, including six cardiometabolic, five liver, and four renal markers. The concentration difference ranged from 0.27 SD for creatinine to 0.03 SD for total cholesterol. Conversely, those on a pro-inflammatory diet had decreased concentrations in six biomarkers, including two for endocrine and cardiometabolic. The association range varied from −0.04 for IGF-1 to −0.23 for SHBG. This study highlighted that a pro-inflammatory diet was associated with an adverse profile of biomarkers linked to cardiometabolic health, endocrine, liver function, and renal health. Association of Diet Inflmatory Index with health-related biomarkers. The infographic presents alterations in biomarker levels tied to dietary habits, marked by a red upward arrow (▪) for increases and a blue downward arrow (▪) for decreases. A grey horizontal line (−) indicates no association between biomarkers and the E-DII. These variations align with adherence to pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory diet. [Display omitted] • Limited evidence links Diet Inflamatory Index (DII) with key cardiometabolic, renal, and liver markers. • diets raised 16 key biomarkers: 6 cardiometabolic, 5 liver, 4 renal, compared to anti-inflammatory diets. • Pro-inflammatory diets linked to worse cardiometabolic, endocrine, liver, and renal biomarker profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cardiometabolic disease-associated metabolite, alpha-aminoadipic acid (2-AAA) is formed from the breakdown of the essential dietary amino acid lysine. However, it was not known whether elevated plasma levels of 2-AAA are related to dietary nutrient intake. We aimed to determine whether diet is a determinant of circulating 2-AAA in healthy individuals, and whether 2-AAA is altered in response to dietary modification. We investigated the association between 2-AAA and dietary nutrient intake in a cross-sectional study of healthy individuals (N = 254). We then performed a randomized cross-over dietary intervention trial to investigate the effect of lysine supplementation (1 week) on 2-AAA in healthy individuals (N = 40). We further assessed the effect of a vegetarian diet on 2-AAA in a short-term (4-day) dietary intervention trial in healthy omnivorous women (N = 35). We found that self-reported dietary intake of animal products, including meat, poultry, and seafood, was associated with higher plasma 2-AAA cross-sectionally (P < 0.0001). Supplementary dietary lysine (5g/day) caused no significant increase in plasma 2-AAA; however, plasma 2-AAA was altered by general dietary modification. Further, plasma 2-AAA was significantly reduced by a short-term vegetarian diet (P = 0.003). We identified associations between plasma 2-AAA and consumption of animal products, which were validated in a vegetarian dietary intervention trial, but not in a trial designed to specifically increase the 2-AAA amino acid precursor lysine. Further studies are warranted to investigate whether implementation of a vegetarian diet improves cardiometabolic risk in individuals with elevated 2-AAA. • Plasma levels of 2-AAA associate with consumption of animal products, but not with consumption of lysine. • Supplementation with 5g/day lysine does not cause an increase in plasma 2-AAA. • A short-term vegetarian diet causes a significant decrease in plasma 2-AAA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Naturista is the property of Sociedad Europea de Medicina Naturista Clasica (Seccion Espanola) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The growing prevalence of poor nutrition is a major public health concern, as it fuels the rise of various diseases. Obesity, a silent and rapidly growing threat linked to unhealthy eating, is a prime example. Despite the abundance of information on diets and recipes, finding a personalized approach to healthy eating can be a challenge. Recommendation systems can filter from a food logging dataset the information that best suits the nutrition profile of a given user. A powerful tool to use in food recommendation systems is neural networks. However, the user's available data are often limited, which compromises the performance of neural-based food recommendation models. To enhance user trust in food recommendations, this paper proposes a method using a secondary model to predict the errors of the primary neural network, especially when dealing with limited data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Celiac disease (CeD) is a chronic autoimmune condition driven by gluten ingestion in genetically predisposed individuals, resulting in inflammatory lesions in the proximal small intestine. Although the presence of specific HLA-linked haplotypes and gluten consumption are necessary for disease development, they alone do not account for the variable onset of CeD in susceptible individuals. This review explores the multifaceted role of non-host factors in CeD development, including dietary and microbial influences. We discuss clinical associations and observations highlighting the impact of these factors on disease onset and severity. Furthermore, we discuss studies in CeD-relevant animal models that offer mechanistic insights into how diet, the microbiome, and enteric infections modulate CeD pathogenesis. Finally, we address the clinical implications and therapeutic potential of understanding these cofactors offering a promising avenue for preventive and therapeutic interventions in CeD management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to advance the use of indigenous composite flour obtained from amaranth seed and tiger nut in the production of biscuits to increase access to a healthy and sustainable diet. Biscuit was produced from amaranth seed flour substituted with tiger nut flour at 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. The functional and pasting properties of the flour samples were determined, the proximate composition was evaluated and selected minerals contents of flour and biscuit samples were also assessed using standard methods. The results showed that the protein, fat, ash and fibre content of amaranth seed flour increased from 13.86%, 4.12%, 1.77% and 1.26% respectively to a range of 13.86 – 16.16%, 4.47 – 5.18%, 2.18 – 2.65% and 2.35 – 3.96% respectively with the addition of tiger nut flour. An increase in protein, fat, ash and fibre was also recorded in the biscuit samples with the increased concentration of tiger nut flour. Flour and biscuits produced from 100% wheat had lower protein, fat and fibre content than 100% amaranth seed flour and the blends. The bulk density and water absorption capacity of 100% amaranth seed flour and the blends were significantly higher than 100% wheat flour. Biscuits produced from amaranth seed flour substituted with tiger nut flour at 50% had the highest content of sodium (202.59 mg/100g) and potassium (299.57 mg/100g). In comparison, 100% wheat biscuit and 100% amaranth biscuit had the highest calcium (186.67 mg/1000g) and iron content (4.13 mg/100g) respectively. The study concluded that amaranth seed and tiger nut flour blends could be utilized to produce high-nutritional quality gluten-free biscuits that will increase access to an affordable healthy and sustainable diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lifestyle plays a significant role in helping patients with diabetes control their blood sugar levels. Understanding early complications to prevent further adverse effects from uncontrolled sugar levels and a worsening healthy lifestyle is a prerequisite to knowledge regarding healthy lifestyle modifications. Exercise therapy has long been recommended for use in the management and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Dietary habits play an important role in the control of blood glucose levels in diabetic patients. An increase in calorie intake leads to poor glycemic control. Stress levels can affect the increased glucose levels. Middle-aged adults are at increased risk of developing diabetes, and this population may benefit from targeted interventions to promote healthy lifestyle modifications. Therefore, a study is needed to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of middle-aged diabetic populations regarding healthy lifestyle modifications. Materials and Methods: A validated questionnaire was prepared on Google Forms and distributed among the diabetic population. Data was calculated automatically on Google spreadsheet. Results: Patients with diabetes exhibit little awareness of recommended lifestyle changes. A poor understanding of diabetes and its complications is demonstrated by 83.87 % of the population. 77.41% of persons have a poor understanding of dietary adjustments for diabetes. 86.02% of respondents exhibit insufficient awareness of physical exercise therapies for diabetes. 52.68% of people are unaware of how stress affects insulin secretion. Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, Given the early onset of diabetes problems, middle-aged diabetics have an increasing need for knowledge regarding appropriate lifestyle adjustments due to their higher risk of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early school start times could adversely impact adolescent sleep duration. They could also impact other behaviors like diet and physical activity, either directly or indirectly through effects on sleep. We examined whether the double school shift system was associated with sleep, diet, and physical activity behaviors among Mexican adolescents. The analytic sample included 305 Mexican adolescents from a cohort study (on average 14.53 ± 1.75 years old and 51% male). Sleep and physical activity were measured with wrist actigraphy, while diet and other lifestyle behaviors were assessed with questionnaires. Regression analyses were conducted to compare lifestyle behaviors between the morning and afternoon school shifts, adjusting for potential confounders. Adolescents attending the morning school shift (44%) had pronounced differences in sleep compared to those attending afternoon shift, including a 1.77-hour shorter sleep duration on weekdays (95% CI -1.55, −2.00), a 0.40-hour longer sleep duration on weekends (95% CI 0.10, 0.70), higher social jetlag (1.07 hours with a 95% CI of 0.87, 1.27), and an earlier chronotype. Morning shift students also had 0.85 hours longer sedentary time (95% CI 0.61, 1.10) and higher consumption of a meat and starchy food dietary pattern. Among boys only, morning shift was associated with a lower likelihood of smoking and higher consumption of a breakfast pattern. Overall, attending a morning school shift was associated with shorter sleep, more social jetlag, greater sedentary time, and higher consumption of a meat and starchy diet. However, among boys, a few healthier behaviors were observed for the morning versus afternoon shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigated the autecology of Norops fuscoauratus for the first time in areas of the Atlantic Forest of north-eastern Brazil. Because anoles usually share conservative traits, we tested the following hypotheses: 1) the species should use elevated microhabitats and have wide niche breadths; 2) diets between sexes should overlap significantly; 3) reproduction should be continuous throughout the year; and 4) individuals should be sexually dimorphic. A total of 128 specimens of N. fuscoauratus were collected between December 2012 and July 2015. Lizards were active during the day and more frequently occupied the interior of forests using trunks and branches, although they also used shrubs smaller than 1.5 meters in height. The most important items of the diet were Araneae, Coleoptera, and Orthoptera, with a high niche overlap between the sexes. We found a positive correlation between the SVL and head size of lizards and the volume of prey they ingested. Norops fuscoauratus reproduces continuously throughout the year. Females were significantly wider and longer than males. Females with large SVLs had a greater number and volume of oviductal eggs. Likewise, males with larger SVLs had larger testes. Norops fuscoauratus is ecologically similar to the continental species of the Norops auratus group, distributed in South America, and this generalized behavior is most probably associated with the niche conservatism of the group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal disease is a biofilm‐dependent chronic inflammatory condition triggered by a host response. Several factors impact systemic inflammation and could lead to changes in disease pathogenesis. Recently, studies have assessed the influence of nutritional patterns on the development of periodontitis. In the present cross‐sectional study, we evaluated the dietary inflammatory profile on periodontal conditions, focusing on clinical, subgingival microbial, and cytokine assessment of individuals with periodontal health or gingivitis. Methods: One hundred patients with periodontal health or gingivitis were included. Plaque index (PI), Bleeding on probing (BoP), the probing depth (PD), and the clinical attachment level (CAL) for each patient were assessed. Nutritional data and the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) were recorded by two 24‐h food recalls on non‐consecutive days. Biofilm and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) to assess the microbiome profile and inflammatory biomarkers were collected. Multiple regressions focused on the DII, age, and sex as predictors of periodontal conditions were done. Results: Age and moderate DII scores increased the risk of gingivitis by 1.64 and 3.94 times, respectively. Males with an elevated DII score had 27.15 times higher odds of being diagnosed with gingivitis and BoP (β = 6.54; p = 0.03). Elderly patients with a moderate or high DII score were less prone to gingivitis and increased BoP (p < 0.04) compared with younger subjects. Considering the DII, there were no differences in microbial alpha and beta diversity; however, distinct species abundance and a higher concentration of monocyte‐chemoattractant protein‐1 and interleukin 33 were seen in patients with a higher DII. Conclusion: A pro‐inflammatory diet significantly contributes to periodontal inflammation, modulating inflammatory biomarkers and affecting the subgingival microbial community in healthy individuals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-carbohydrate diets promote the idea that reducing carbohydrate intake is a key to a healthier life and more natural way to eat. The proponents of these diets form food communities, which share common ideas about food, put forward their own 'alternative' expertise and challenge mainstream dietary advice. This study focuses on the perspectives of self-identified followers of low-carbohydrate diets. We explore their rationales for choosing the diet and how they navigate between different sources of dietary information. The data consists of open-ended responses (n=996) to a food survey published in a leading national Finnish newspaper. The responses have been analyzed using thematic narrative analysis. Our results highlight how uncertainties and disappointments can increase the appeal of 'alternative' diets and expertise. Low-carbohydrate diets are used as a form of self-care, illness prevention, risk management and weight loss by people with chronic conditions and lingering symptoms. They offer a sense of control, an alternative to medications and bring together communities of like minded people. The stories intertwine with health populist discourses, casting doubt on traditional experts. In a world of complex food systems and conflicting information the diets offer clear explanations. Additionally, the results emphasise the credibility and authority of lived experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Diet plays an integral role in the modulation of the intestinal environment, with the potential to be modified for management of individuals with inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]. It has been hypothesised that poor 'Western-style' dietary patterns select for a microbiota that drives IBD inflammation and, that through dietary intervention, a healthy microbiota may be restored. This study aimed to systematically review the literature and assess current available evidence regarding the influence of diet on the intestinal microbiota composition in IBD patients, and how this may affect disease activity. Methods MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched from January 2013 to June 2023, to identify studies investigating diet and microbiota in IBD. Results Thirteen primary studies met the inclusion criteria and were selected for narrative synthesis. Reported associations between diet and microbiota in IBD were conflicting due to the considerable degree of heterogeneity between studies. Nine intervention studies trialled specific diets and did not demonstrate significant shifts in the diversity and abundance of intestinal microbial communities or improvement in disease outcomes. The remaining four cross-sectional studies did not find a specific microbial signature associated with habitual dietary patterns in IBD patients. Conclusions Diet modulates the gut microbiota, and this may have implications for IBD; however, the body of evidence does not currently support clear dietary patterns or food constituents that are associated with a specific microbiota profile or disease marker in IBD patients. Further research is required with a focus on robust and consistent methodology to achieve improved identification of associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the willingness of people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to engage in healthy eating, physical activity and medication taking, and explore associated patient factors. Online survey among recently diagnosed T2D patients recruited in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom (UK). Patient factors included general factors and behaviour-specific beliefs. Logistic regression analyses and explorative comparisons were conducted. Overall, 48% of 67 patients were willing to engage in all three management options, whereas 6% were not willing to follow any of them. 73% were willing to manage T2D with healthy eating, 73% with physical activity, and 72% with medication. Country of recruitment was significantly associated with willingness for healthy eating, with higher willingness among Dutch participants. Beliefs surrounding capability, opportunity, and motivation were significantly associated with willingness to engage in physical activity and medication taking. Many beliefs were similar regardless of willingness but those willing to engage in physical activity perceived less barriers and those willing to take medication had more positive and less negative outcome beliefs than those not willing. Willingness to engage in all management options was limited among recently diagnosed patients, and partly associated with behaviour-specific patient beliefs. • Willingness for diabetes management with all options is limited in recently diagnosed people. • People willing or not willing to engage in a management option shared similar beliefs. • Capability-opportunity-motivation beliefs were relevant for some of the options. • Willingness to follow a recommended diet differed between countries of recruitment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic relapsing-remitting disease with a remarkable increase in incidence worldwide and a substantial disease burden. Although the pathophysiology is not fully elucidated yet an aberrant immune reaction against the intestinal microbiota and the gut microbial dysbiosis have been identified to play a major role. The composition of gut microbiota in IBD patients is distinct from that of healthy individuals, with certain organisms predominating over others. Differences in the microbial dysbiosis have been also observed between Crohn Disease (CD) and Ulcerative Colitis (UC). A disruption of the microbiota's balance can lead to inflammation and intestinal damage. Microbiota composition in IBD can be affected both by endogenous (i.e., interaction with the immune system and intestinal epithelial cells) and exogenous (i.e., medications, surgery, diet) factors. The complex interplay between the gut microbiota and IBD is an area of great interest for understanding disease pathogenesis and developing new treatments. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest evidence on the role of microbiota in IBD pathogenesis and to explore possible future areas of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]