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Effect size is a statistical concept which measures the strength of the relationship between two variables. Effect size has basic properties such as measurement unit independence, sample size independence, and monotonicity. In particular, unlike statistical significance test, effect size is not influenced by sample size. Effect size avoids various problems in statistical significance tests. It is one of the important contents in constructing new statistics. In present study, various effect sizes were mathematically described and a free desktop calculator for effect sizes was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Microalloying Ca (0.26 wt.%) combined with appropriate heat treatments can significantly improve corrosion and mechanical properties of the commercial ZK60 magnesium alloy. • The peak-aged ZK60-Ca alloy exhibits the highest hardness and yield strength, and lowest corrosion rate among the aged alloys. • The corrosion resistance improvement of the aged ZK60-Ca alloy is attributed to the "in-situ pinning" effect of precipitates on the corrosion products. • The pinning effect is associated with the size and number density of precipitates, which is verified via experimental results and theoretical calculation. Enhancing corrosion resistance of Mg-Zn alloys with high strength and low cost was critical for broadening their large-scale practical applications. Here we prepared solutionized, peak- and over-aged ZK60 alloys with and without microalloying Ca (0.26 wt.%) to explore the effects of nanoscale precipitates on their corrosion behavior in detail via experimental analyses and theoretical calculations. The results suggested the peak-aged ZK60 alloy with Ca addition showed improved corrosion resistance in comparison with the alloys without Ca, owing to the contribution of Ca on the refinement of precipitates and increase in their number density. Although the precipitates and Mg matrix formed micro-galvanic couples leading to dissolution, the fine and dense precipitates could generate " in-situ pinning" effect on the corrosion products, forming a spider-web-like structure and improving the corrosion inhibition ability accordingly. The pinning effect was closely related to the size and number density of precipitates. This study provided important insight into the design and development of advanced corrosion resistant Mg alloys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical operations are cognitive actions we take to calculate relations among numbers. Arithmetic operations, addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division are elemental in education. Addition is the first one taught in school and is most popular in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies. Division, typically taught last is least studied with fMRI. fMRI meta-analyses show that arithmetic operations activate brain areas in parietal, cingulate and insular cortices for children and adults. Critically, no meta-analysis examines concordance across brain correlates of separate arithmetic operations in children and adults. We review and examine using quantitative meta-analyses data from fMRI articles that report brain coordinates separately for addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division in children and adults. Results show that arithmetic operations elicit common areas of concordance in fronto-parietal and cingulo-opercular networks in adults and children. Between operations differences are observed primarily for adults. Interestingly, higher within-group concordance, expressed in activation likelihood estimates, is found in brain areas associated with the cingulo-opercular network rather than the fronto-parietal network in children, areas also common between adults and children. Findings are discussed in relation to constructivist cognitive theory and practical directions for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmers are increasingly required to record the actions taken and incidents occurring at farms. They are also expected to use the records to prove that animal welfare and environmental regulations are being followed. Yet, research suggests that record keeping disturbs, rather than supports, farming practices. The policy benefits are also suspected to be scarce. In this paper, we argue that the potential of records to act as useful calculative resources has been overlooked. The Finnish case study shows that recording nutrient use can allow fertilisation practices to be guided by water protection concerns. However, on some farms the requirement to keep nutrient records has been responded in ways that draws a distance between farms and regulatory control. The alignment of farm life and the recording requirements has followed different trajectories from one farm to another. Some farmers contest the science behind the fertilisation limits. Farms may also be poorly equipped to live with the limits that the records make visible. Optimal fertilisation then ceases to be an issue that can be solved by additional calculative support. Instead, record keeping indicates political divisions. • Farmers are required to record actions taken and incidents occurring at farms. • Research suggests that record-keeping disturbs farming practices. • Potentials of records to act as useful calculative resources have been overlooked. • The Finnish case-study shows that record-keeping may indicate political divisions. • On farms, record-keeping gains both mediating and distancing capacities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ethnologie Française is the property of Presses Universitaires de France and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mathematics is the science that deals with the calculation using symbolic logic, mathematics existed before the Buddhist era. The Buddhist scriptures tell mathematics applied to life, thought processes and ancient wisdom that are passed down from the past and passed on to the present society such as Sangkhayãpakãsakadĩka scripture that is a scripture about mathematics or calculation methods of counting 6 types which was synthezed from Tititaka for studying various counting units easely. These effected to understand Identification, counting, calculation, including estimation in order to communicate, tell, compare the value of things. Then it was applied for human’s daily life such as exchange, taxation, calendaring, creating a time scale. And including creating a symbol that conveys common meaning in society and humanity's good life [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reliability that can be proved by numeric indicators in quantitative studies has become a very discussible issue. The reason for this is to be thought that in qualitative researches, reliability is not based on positive perspective and those forming reliability criteria is difficult. However, for testing the reliability of a qualitative study or raising it to the top level, some ways are used. The objective of this study is to introduce an approach to be able to use the options of inter-coder reliability calculating manually and through software in qualitative researches of education and training in sports. This research was conducted by document review method. In this context, how inter-coder reliability in qualitative researches will be formulated, how it will be calculated in software dimension, and the dimensions of inter-coder agreement, code frequency in document, code overlapping rate of segment level, and revealing code frequency were discussed. In the study, document analysis technique among qualitative research designs and in analyses content analysis method were used. The study results revealed with the examples that inter-coder reliability could be calculated in the various ways and that percentage flexibility could differ in every formula. Also, the options of inter-coder agreement were calculated by means of software, and it was identified that each option used had a different flexibility. This study, in terms of its originality, drawing the existing reliability from related to qualitative study from the framework of inter-coder agreement, suggests a synthesis of contemporary viewpoints. It is considered that in inter-coder qualitative studies, especially in sports education and training studies, will guide to the relevant researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A method is suggested for estimating the propulsion performance of a multi-shaft vessel. Possibility of applying one total thrust deduction coefficient to all ship shafts is justified and associated issues are discussed. Multi-shaft vessels are generically defined as vessels equipped with different types of propulsive units with non-similar geometry particulars or non-similar operating conditions, if geometry is the same. The paper suggests an iteration algorithm to estimate propulsion ship performance from standard data inputs obtained in model tests. An example of such calculations is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

GeoPyTool is an open source application developed for geological calculations and plots, such as geochemical classification, parameter calculation, basic statistical analysis and diagrams for structural geology. More than acting as a link from raw data stored in Microsoft Excel® (MS Excel) files to vector graphic files, GeoPyTool includes recently developed routines that have not been included in previous software, such as the calculation of the Ce(IV)/Ce(III) ratio for zircons as a method to examine the temporal evolution of oxygen fugacity in the magmatic source for igneous rocks, and the temperature calculator with titanium in zircon and zirconium in rutile. Besides these routines, GeoPyTool also allows users to load any figure from articles or books as a base map. As a Python-based cross-platform program, GeoPyTool works on Windows®, MacOS X® and GNU/Linux. GeoPyTool can do the whole process from data to results without the dependence of Microsoft Excel®, CorelDraw® and other similar software. It takes Excel® XLSX and CSV (Comma Separated Value) as the formats of both the input data source files and the output calculation results files. The figures generated by GeoPyTool can be saved as portable network graphics (PNG), scalable vector graphics (SVG) or portable document format (PDF). Another highlight of GeoPyTool is the multilingual support, the official version of GeoPyTool supports both Chinese and English, and additional languages can be loaded through interface files. GeoPyTool is still in the development stage and will be expanded with further geochemical and structural geology routines. As an open source project, all source code of GeoPyTool are accessible on Github (https://github.com/GeoPyTool/GeoPyTool). Users with Python experience can join in the development team and build more complex functions expanding the capabilities of GeoPyTool. Image 1 • GeoPyTool runs independently on all mainstream OS, and files used are also cross-platform supported. • Both newly developed routines and customizable statistical and numerical functions are provided. • GeoPyTool is open sourced, users can freely modify it for their own need and translate its interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many computer systems are combined to provide a service to users. Each system has specific tasks as part of the whole system. While some calculation operations can be processed on any server, some of them need a specific system platform to run. For the calculating operations which can be processed on any server, the main criteria will be related to the performance. If we have detailed information about the calculating performance of systems, we may set the calculating operations on the appropriate system. The aim of this study is the comparison of calculating operation on the database server and web server. Bubble sort and pi number algorithm were selected for the calculating operation. These algorithms' runtime results are obtained both by a database server and a web server. Algorithm functions with the same flow processes have been used for both server systems. The variables are predefined to prevent data transfer delay in systems. Thus, the performance results are focused on calculating performances on the servers. The results show, there is an appreciable difference between database and web server in terms of calculation time. The web server was the more performant than the database server, and the implementation of algorithms was simpler in the web server. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landslides are a common form of geological disasters and have caused tremendous damage to regional environmental structures. Combined with the analysis of landslide geology and soil characteristics, it can guide the disaster management and realize the safety development of the regional geological environment. Combined with the engineering case, this paper introduces the main points of landslide geotechnical analysis and proposes a feasible guiding plan for disaster management. It aims to provide reference for disaster management, thus achieving the safety and stability of the regional geological environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wood Industry / Drvna Industrija is the property of Drvna Industrija and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Lactate clearance has been developed into a marker of resuscitation in trauma, but no study has compared the predictive power of the various clearance calculations. Our objective was to determine which method of calculating lactate clearance best predicted 24-hour and in-hospital mortality after injury.Study Design: Retrospective chart review of patients admitted to a Level-1 trauma center directly from the scene of injury from 2010 to 2013 who survived >15min, had an elevated lactate at admission (≥3mmol/L), followed by another measurement within 24h of admission. Lactate clearance was calculated using five models: actual value of the repeat level, absolute clearance, relative clearance, absolute rate, and relative rate. Models were compared using the areas under the respective receiver operating curves (AUCs), with an endpoint of death at 24h and in-hospital mortality.Results: 3910 patients had an elevated admission lactate concentration on admission (mean=5.6±3.0mmol/L) followed by a second measurement (2.7±1.8mmol/L). Repeat absolute measurement best predicted 24-hour (AUC=0.85, 95% CI: 0.84-0.86) and in-hospital death (AUC=0.77; 95% CI, 0.76-0.78). Relative clearance was the best model of lactate clearance (AUC=0.77, 95% CI: 0.75-0.78 and AUC=0.705, 95% CI: 0.69-72, respectively) (p<0.0001 for each). A sensitivity analysis using a range of initial lactate measures yielded similar results.Conclusions: The absolute value of the repeat lactate measurement had the greatest ability to predict mortality in injured patients undergoing resuscitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The methodology of objects irradiation processes modeling on radiation-technological installations and developed computer code "Beam Scanning", which implements algorithms based on this method, are presented. The developed computer program allows to simulate the irradiation process of objects, moving on conveyor of the installation for a given time with given parameters of the beam at the accelerator output and to determine the resulting dose profile in the irradiated object. The mathematical apparatus, calculation method, program interface and some results of test calculations are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, ab initio calculations have been performed to investigate the H proton intramolecular transformation in OH-OO -isoprene radicals. Geometry optimizations and transition states were performed using density functional theory at the UB3LYP/6–31+G ∗∗ and M06-2X/6-311++G ∗∗ level. It was found that the migration H atoms was all from the hydroxy-H in the predominant energetic route of 1-OH-2-OO -isoprene and 4-OH-3-OO -isoprene radicals with the energy barrier of 17.7 and 17.0 kcal/mol at the UB3LYP/6-31+G ∗∗ level, respectively. The migration H atoms were all from the CH 2 groups next to hydroxy of Z-1-OH-4-OO -isoprene and Z-4-OH-1-OO -isoprene radicals in the energetic predominant routes with the energy barrier of 14.9 and 25.9 kcal/mol at the UB3LYP/6-31+G ∗∗ level, respectively, then the intermediates overcome 7.7 and 7.2 kcal/mol to react with O 2 molecule to regenerate HO 2 . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Selective laser melting (SLM) is increasingly used in the industrial production of metallic parts. This creates the need for an efficient and accurate quotation costing. The manufacturing costs of a part mainly result from the machine running time for coating and exposure. At the time of the offer calculation the final orientation of the part in the build chamber and the composition of the build job are typically not known. Addressing this need, this paper presents and evaluates different statistical based methods for an automated and self-learning calculation for SLM given a part's CAD data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the essence and usefulness of a QMS in the process of managing a company which should lead to guaranteeing liquidity, production growth and cost optimisation as well as a stable position on the competitive market. Quality costs which enable quality improvement and increase of management effectiveness are an important instrument for an assessment of system effectiveness. The paper shows the essence of quality costs, a calculation and analysis of quality costs as well as conditions for their introduction, pointing at their usefulness in decision making. The importance of an account of quality costs and their analysis from the point of view of practical experience of the company was also discussed. It was emphasised that an assessment of the effectiveness of a QMS in an enterprise is performed on the basis of an analysis of realisation of goals contained in a quality policy and through the quality costs which are subject to registration and analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the procedure of automatic calculation techniques for soil digging force applied by a bucket swing using Mathcad software. There are also foundations of calculation of soil digging force applied by a bucket swing depending on swing angle provided. The digging force is one of important parameters of a single-bucket excavator attachment and depends on the dimensions of the components of working attachment, their angles of swing and C is a number of blows by dynamic densimeter (DorNII rammer); s is a thickness of side plate (cm); α is a digging angle (degree); β0 is a side plate tapering factor; μ is a soil excavation technique factor. μ = 1 (for locking excavation) and others parameters of soil. In a digging operation using a bucket swing relative to joint Ok its teeth travel along a circle arc, and the bucket rotates by the angle φ determined by the equation of volume of displaced part of drag prism having bk high and characterized by a segment-shaped cross-section and the volume of soil in the filled bucket. The bucket-filling angle is determined by the successive approximations method. The developed procedure makes such calculation and various investigations possible given with minimum expenses and maximum visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the method, procedure and software applications of Mathcad Software System used to determine an operating zone of soil excavation of the excavator equipped with backhoe attachment. The operating digging zone is one of important parameters of a single-bucket excavator attachment and depends on the dimensions of the components of working attachment and their angles of swing. The determination of operating zone is a complex and time-taking process. In general, for simplicity the descriptions of every component of equipment and attachment are provided in local coordinates referenced to the designed or studied component. However, the detailed description of interconnected components in the main frame of reference is required to obtain parameters of the item in greater generality. The kinematic analysis is conducted in order to determine the coordinates of any joint or reference point of any component of working attachment, e.g., to determine the motion path of bucket tooth in main frame of reference 0 0 x 0 y 0 with due regard to potential movements of bucket, stick and boom. The solution of this problem requires using of modern computer systems taking of certain system engineering measures. The operating zone of soil excavation of the excavator equipped with backhoe attachment includes six sections. Mathcad software is provided for calculation of each section of the zone making its graphical representation. The step-by-step calculation and imaging of each section of the operating zone eventually represents the entire operating zone of the excavator equipped with backhoe attachment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the topics U-values and indoor air temperatures of unheated basements with uninsulated cellar ceilings. Measurement values are compared with calculation procedures suggested by building regulations. Concerning the U-values it is shown that they are typically considered to be higher (i.e. worse) in uninsulated existing constructions than they effectively are. Measured temperatures in seven basements are higher (around 8 K) than a calculation according to regulations would yield. The paper derives suggestions for the adjustment of calculations focused on existing residential buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new hourly calculation method was developed and included in the new SIA 387/4, replacing the oversimplified one of SIA Technical Specification 2044. It connects to the calculation method of the standard for the installed lighting power and covers the same set of options for the control of the lighting system and of the solar protection as the revised existing factor-based annual calculation. The main improvements are the representation of the six control options for the daylight dependent lighting control, the options for its presence dependence, and the three options for the control of the solar protection. An hourly calculation of the visual transmittance of the window and solar protection combination was defined, based on European standards and the associated assumptions for the control strategies (blind slat angles). The method was implemented in a spreadsheet and checked against the factor based method. After some adjustments in both methods, the – not unexpected – differences between the methods appeared to be in the frame of +/- 20%, and the order of the results depending on the control options turned out to be correct. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Canadian Journal of Film Studies is the property of University of Toronto Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The heat exchanger is the main part of mechatronic sample conditioning system. Static and dynamic characteristics of heat exchanger influence on the accuracy of sample temperature maintaining. Adjustable parameter of the heat exchanger is the final sample temperature; the control factor is cooling water flow rate. The inlet sample temperature, the inlet cooling water temperature and the sample flow rate can be attributed to disturbing factors. To ensure the efficient operation of sampling system is necessary to know of heat exchanger characteristics when the control and disturbing factor are present. In present work, secondary countercurrent coil heat exchanger with core tube is studied. On the basis of 30 experiments semi-empirical correlation for prediction of overall heat transfer coefficient is proposed. Temperature transient response is investigated theoretically and experimentally when inlet sample temperature is subjected to sudden change. The dynamic behavior is approximated by aperiodic link with time delay link. The obtained for heat exchanger dynamic dependences can be used in the design of mehatronic sample conditioning system, operating at steady and transient state, in the choice of the law of the controlling sample temperature and the algorithm of diagnosing deposits on the surface of the coil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario Argentino de Derecho Canónico is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Danube has a side branch in Baja, the Sugovica, from where the Türr-Channel opens. An innovative pedestrian bridge over the Türr-Channel in Baja, Hungary was opened for traffic in 2015. Bridging over the navigable channel faced serious difficulties due to the high flood level and significant ship traffic. The preliminary studies investigated movable and high positioned deck variations. The completed structure has 62 m span. The upper deck arch bridge is made of steel tube arches filled with concrete and rc. slab for the deck. Minimal structural height was necessary in the midspan to ensure the shipping clearance so the arch has the same plane as the deck in the midpoint. According to the high flood level and low clearance, the safety of the structure is ensured by filling concrete in the main girder tubes. The fabrication segments were assembled at site to 3 crane segments and were lifted to the temporary supports in the river. The concrete abutments became the part of the flood protection system. The unique shell-like cross girders and the slender arch gave a delightful bridge, which became the new symbol of the city. The bridge was built on sand with horizontally bended piles so the calculation had to examine the soil-structure iteration. The dynamic parameters were tested by dynamic load tests with the help of large group of people and with dropped truck. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to clarify the importance and function of mathematical statistics and mathematical thinking in early formation of modern aesthetics of the eighteenth century. I focus on three historical concepts of using the statistical and mathematical approach to beauty and aesthetic (taste) standard. The first one is Hume's searching for taste standards based on his sensualism and his exceeding the individual subjective experience by statistical standardization of inter-subjective experience. Peculiar to this approach is an ambivalent understanding of the standard as a "mean" on one side and "excellence" on the other. The second model of aesthetic thinking is Reid's aesthetic realism. The analysis of Reid's works serves to show the roots of modern aesthetic cognitivism and the significance of scientific study of beautiful objects' parameters. An important part of these considerations is the examination of ontological status of beauty and the term of "excellence" as "perfectness". In conclusion, I try to highlight the mathematical and statistical algorithms of Kant's creating aesthetic standards and aesthetic ideal in his Critique of Judgment. I also show the potentials of the above mentioned approaches as far as the contemporary cognitive research in aesthetics is concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the results of the depth study of compressible thickness of the base in a full-scale experiment where a hard round stamp with a diameter of 800 mm served as a foundation model. Loading was made by steps of 0.05 MPa, the load is maintained until stabilization of the sediments. We studied the development of deformities and change of the lower limit of the compressible strata of a silty loess foundation folded in slightly wet macroporous loams with increasing load, we fixed displacements of deep marks in the process of loading, a deformation of the base was analyzed. Also, the fields of soil density were built before deformation and the deformed base. During the study of bundle movement in the array loess grounds, we made conclusions about changes in precipitation, the lower boundary of a compressible base thickness and about changing of soil density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aeronautical industry has set for itself important environmental goals, creating the need of improved tools for measuring the polluting emissions generated by fuel burn. This paper describes a new method to estimate the fuel burn and the pollution generated by a landing approach and also for a missed approach procedure. Fuel emission estimations can be used to compare the costs of different routes. The method developed in this paper uses the Emissions Guide Book developed by the European Environment Agency as the needed database for the computations. This method gives estimations of the fuel burn and emissions, including the amounts of CO, NOx, HC, EICO, EINOx and EIHC for a given flight as its output. The flight computation is divided into two sections: one section for the aircraft's travelled distance and a second section for the time an aircraft flies under certain flight modes. Since this method computes the missed approach fuel and emissions contribution, it computes the burn for a given descent approach for a successful landing, as well as for the same descent approach with a missed approach procedure followed by a successful landing. These two landings are verified in a complete flight to study the missed approach contribution for a conventional mid-range flight. The results show that a descent with the missed approach procedure requires 5.7 times more fuel than a normal, successful descent. This extra fuel burn increases the pollution released to the atmosphere and would impact the airlines’ profit margin due to the added fuel costs and longer flight times, as well as any future economic measures imposed on the increased air and noise pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Whilst global health scholars have observed a resurgent interest in the idea of disease eradication, little has been said about the manner in which evidence of progress towards “zero” has been collected, compiled and circulated. I focus on two polio immunisation campaigns conducted in Peshawar, Pakistan, to illuminate the relationship between eradication, calculation and governmentality. Both of these campaigns relied on an epistemologically different set of governmental practices – one statistical, the other moral – to evidence progress towards zero polio cases and secure the compliance of reluctant individuals. I demonstrate how the calculative practices of national and global eradication initiatives encountered political limits whilst attempting to produce intelligible fields to guide interventions in the city. In response, a new set of governmental techniques, reliant upon legal decrees and operating through the inculcation of compliant behavioural norms, sought to re-establish a commitment to eradication over a series of unruly individuals and spaces. I argue that a central tenet of these polio campaigns, and eradication initiatives generally, is a recourse to the governance of conduct, as marginal yet politically significant populations contest the diagnoses and prescriptions of public health interventions. Approaching the epistemology of global health governance through this problematisation of individual behaviours reveals the contingencies and reversals that are the hallmarks of the politics of eradication – from manipulation of data to the suppression of individual behaviour – and the nascent forms of counter-conduct that they increasingly provoke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The model and the program for analysis of the operating cycle with two fuel combustion laws according to Wiebe I.I. are developed. The calculation of the transport diesel engine with the Common-Rail system for gasoline direct injection is performed. The optimal heat generation law for the maximum pressure reduction in the cylinder and the improvement of indicator values of the diesel engine is specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation is made on the soil pressure in a nine cabin opened bottom elliptical barrel structure. The calculation models using the penetration of negative pressure method have been developed. The first calculation model is is for the construction stage involving three zones, namely, passive, transitional, and active established for the soil pressure in cabins. The other calculation model is based on the use stage, with the two (passive and active) zones for the soil pressure in cabins. The height of zones and the theoretical analytical solutions of inner soil pressure are derived. The analytical formulas of the models are proved using the finite element method and experimental data, and the formulas are analyzed in the inner soil pressure in the same condition. The calculation models can be used for other multi-position structural design or construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innovación Tecnológica is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A good ventilation system should reflect both safety reliable and economical reasonable. Safe and reliable mine ventilation system have high reliability and resilience during normal operation or in the disaster period. There is a close relationship between the reliability of mine ventilation network and the reliability of network branch. In order to make quantitative evaluation to the reliability of mine ventilation network. Based on the mine ventilation network equilibrium law, reliability theory is applied to the calculation of the branch of ventilation network, disjoint Boolean algebra is used to calculate the reliability of the network. This method has the advantages of simple operation, small calculation error etc.It will be helpful to the design, management and technological transformation of mine ventilation network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good ventilation system should reflect both safety reliable and economical reasonable. Safe and reliable mine ventilation system have high reliability and resilience during normal operation or in the disaster period. There is a close relationship between the reliability of mine ventilation network and the reliability of network branch. In order to make quantitative evaluation to the reliability of mine ventilation network. Based on the mine ventilation network equilibrium law, reliability theory is applied to the calculation of the branch of ventilation network, disjoint Boolean algebra is used to calculate the reliability of the network. This method has the advantages of simple operation, small calculation error etc.It will be helpful to the design, management and technological transformation of mine ventilation network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulmonary hypertension, conventionally defined by absolute pulmonary artery pressure, is the result of a range of diagnoses that can result in clinical problems in neonatal practice. Causes include persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, congenital heart disease, and left heart dysfunction, as well as the normally high pulmonary artery resistance in neonates. Elucidating the cause of pulmonary hypertension is vital to guide appropriate management. A first principles approach based on hemodynamic calculations provides a framework for the diagnostic work up and subsequent therapy. Central to this is the equation 'pressure = flow x resistance' and knowledge of factors contributing to flow and resistance and their impact on pulmonary artery pressure. While formal, accurate, calculation of each element is usually not required or deliverable in small infants, clinical and echocardiographic parameters, combined with an understanding of the interplay between pressure, flow, and resistance, significantly improves the assessment and management of neonatal pulmonary hemodynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Résumé Partant du concept de « vigilance entrepreneuriale » forgé par Israël Kirzner, l’article propose une interprétation sociologique de la manière dont les entrepreneurs réalisent des profits monétaires. En étudiant la diversification productive pratiquée par les artisans d’art pour vivre de leur métier, il met au jour l’origine sociale de la vigilance entrepreneuriale. Celle-ci naît au croisement des sphères productive et marchande : la double activité de producteurs et de vendeurs des artisans d’art leur permet de repérer des écarts de prix entre inputs et outputs dont ils peuvent tirer profit. Du fait de leur inscription dans une communauté professionnelle, ces derniers ne peuvent néanmoins saisir n’importe quel profit. La vigilance entrepreneuriale est façonnée par l’éthique professionnelle. Drawing on the concept of “entrepreneurial alertness” forged by Israël Kirzner, the article provides a sociological interpretation of the way in which entrepreneurs earn financial profits. By studying the productive diversification practised by craftsmen to make a living from their skills, he casts light on the social origin of entrepreneurial alertness. This arises from the intersection of the productive and commercial spheres: the dual role of creative craftsmen as both producers and sellers enables them to identify price differences between inputs and outputs from which they can profit. Because of their embeddedness in a professional community, however, there are limits on how much profit they can make. Entrepreneurial alertness is shaped by professional ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This work aims at investigating the impact of treating breast cancer using different radiation therapy (RT) techniques – forwardly-planned intensity-modulated, f-IMRT, inversely-planned IMRT and dynamic conformal arc (DCART) RT – and their effects on the whole-breast irradiation and in the undesirable irradiation of the surrounding healthy tissues. Two algorithms of iPlan BrainLAB treatment planning system were compared: Pencil Beam Convolution (PBC) and commercial Monte Carlo (iMC). Seven left-sided breast patients submitted to breast-conserving surgery were enrolled in the study. For each patient, four RT techniques – f-IMRT, IMRT using 2-fields and 5-fields (IMRT2 and IMRT5, respectively) and DCART – were applied. The dose distributions in the planned target volume (PTV) and the dose to the organs at risk (OAR) were compared analyzing dose–volume histograms; further statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v20 software. For PBC, all techniques provided adequate coverage of the PTV. However, statistically significant dose differences were observed between the techniques, in the PTV, OAR and also in the pattern of dose distribution spreading into normal tissues. IMRT5 and DCART spread low doses into greater volumes of normal tissue, right breast, right lung and heart than tangential techniques. However, IMRT5 plans improved distributions for the PTV, exhibiting better conformity and homogeneity in target and reduced high dose percentages in ipsilateral OAR. DCART did not present advantages over any of the techniques investigated. Differences were also found comparing the calculation algorithms: PBC estimated higher doses for the PTV, ipsilateral lung and heart than the iMC algorithm predicted. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: This issue of Trends in Neuroscience in Education offers some fresh perspectives on developmental dyscalculia. Here we present an overview of different theoretical approaches to identifying and defining developmental dyscalculia, and a consideration of critical measurement and experimental issues. We note a series of important caveats that must be applied when interpreting the existing research base. While there is currently no generally agreed upon functional definition of developmental dyscalculia (DD), the papers collected here represent the wide range of educational and research issues that must be considered when applying neuroscience techniques to the study of developmental disorders of number. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The average age of pressure vessels in service worldwide is increasing from year to year. A major concern of industrial operators is to ensure the security of their facilities and people, while extending the life of their fleet of pressure vessels. In this context, it is necessary to control the health of this type of structure, and also be able to assess the residual life of a device. Through a real case, the study presented in this article shows all the stages of implementation of a process that allowed initially to make an accurate diagnosis of the condition of a sphere of storage and to evaluate its lifetime, then in a second time, to ensure the operations back into compliance to ensure a reactivation of this structure. This process is fully insured by the CETIM, involved the following: [•] A hydraulic test with acoustic emission monitoring, [•] Testing additional relevant Non Destructive testing (NDT) (TOFD, Ultrasonic, Magnetic ...) [•] Checks by the method of metallographic replicas and/or levies, [•] A study of life, estimated by calculations based on NDT and metallurgical studies, [•] Writing a procedure recommendations repair by welding of critical defects, [•] The supervision during repairs and the testing after repairs. This approach is developed by Cetim based on Innovative Non destructive testing. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents the spectral analysis method of the magnetic fields to be able to evaluate transversal and longitudinal effects, based on Fourier integral transformations. It has been determined that the expressions of the relative spectral characteristics of the braking force and power coincide. In accordance with the derived expressions, the software program Mathcad 2001 Professional was used for the calculation of the dependencies of the transversal effect on the relative spatial frequency and under different Reynolds's numbers. The results of the calculation indicate that when increasing the width of the secondary element, the influence of the transversal effect on the braking characteristics tend to be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]