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Comparing with the common air cycle heat pumps using electrical machine as the prime mover, an air cycle heat pump with a turbocharger driven by a blower (ACHPTDB) could not only cuts down the initial cost, but also reach a balance between the heating capacity and heating load. The blower is chosen as the prime mover and the turbocharger takes place of the compressor and expansion valve/expander. A thermodynamic model for the ACHPTDB was built by using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT). The performance of the model was optimized associated with the air mass flow rate and subsequent distribution of pressure drops, which indicates the thermodynamic performance can reach its maximum by adjusting the air mass flow rate. It is also shown that heating COP has a maximum with respect to the blower pressure ratio or other parameters, which indicates there exists a tradeoff in how the mass flow rate and the blower pressure ratio should be allocated to make heating COP reach its optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different techniques and tools have been introduced for the analysis of process systems that each has their own capabilities namely HAZOP. HAZOP analysis is a process hazard analysis method that has been widely applied both within and outside the chemical processing industries. One of the process systems which require to be analyzed by these techniques is the sulfur recovery unit (SRU) of the gas processing plants. This paper presents the HAZOP analysis method which is employed to identify all the dangerous deviations, potential hazard, and operational problems possibly existing in the Claus reaction furnace package, blower, and heat exchanger equipments in the SRU. This allows a significant reduction in implementation costs, where the expected saving from risk reduction is high. The efficiency of SRU is strongly associated with the performance of those aforementioned equipments. However, it is important to point out that these equipments are the most important parts of the SRU. Useful recommendation is presented to reduce risk ranking. Finally, Cause and effect diagrams for Claus Burner in Start-up/Heating and Fuel Gas + Sour Gas Modes have been designed. The novelty of the submitted paper as compared to the state of the art in the literature can be summarized below. For the first time the HAZOP study was considered to be implemented to cover both hazard and operability analysis of the sulfur recovery units main equipment such as Claus reaction furnace package, blower, and heat exchanger of South Pars gas processing plant. According to the less systematical attempts for preventing dangerous accidents in the SRU equipment we have used HAZOP study as a method of systematically identifying every conceivable process deviation, abnormal causes and adverse hazardous consequences in the SRU. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains why Euler's equation and the airfoil theory, while analytically correct, sometimes produce disappointing results. It also emphasizes the merits of a recently developed approach and demonstrates its usefulness in solving problems encountered in practice. The subject matter relates, directly, only to rotodynamic pumps. However, with proper modifications, it can be easily expanded to other fluids machines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial plants often have many process variable measurements. A method is used in this paper to work with a reduced number of variables. A design method is proposed used in evaluating the geometric dimensions of an impeller. The analysis utilizes numerical optimization. The purpose of the study is to predict the influence of the individual parameters of an impeller on radial blower head characteristics as a function of output at its nominal duty. A correlation between the parameters of the impeller was found in relation to the derivative of the theoretical head. This paper also attempts to provide a physical understanding of the process of loss generation. Two different impellers were chosen as a basis of calculation. One is of a compressor type and the other of a fan type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]