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The effect of various washing processes carried out under industrial conditions on the bagging properties of denim fabrics has been studiedin order to understand why residual bagging height behavior remains after garment uses due to internal stress, shrinkage, and excessive extensions. Three different washes have been used for denim samples, already dyed with vat indigo. To evaluate the washing treatment contributions to the bagging behaviors of all studied samples, the residual bagging height characteristic is investigated. It is studied before and after each washing treatment (desizing, enzyme washing, and bleaching). The results show that the residual bagging height increases after all types of washing treatments except for the bleaching ones. Nevertheless, the washed elastomeric denim fabrics (within elastane filament percentages) present significant recovery rates of bagged fabrics after all applied washes. By comparing the results obtained in this study, it may be concluded that the applied enzymatic washing process affects more the bagging behavior of denim fabrics than those of the desizing and bleaching treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Fractionation of lignin from rice bran using acid pre-treatment process. • Extraction of cellulose fibers from rice bran using alkali bleaching process. • Characterization of lignin fraction by UV, FTIR, and MALDI-TOF-MS analysis· • Changes of biomass surface analysis by SEM, XRD, FTIR and XPS. Cellulose and lignin were simultaneously isolated from rice bran is an interesting and alternative renewable materials synthesis for industrial application. In the present research, acid pre-treatment (AT) (85 % organic acid, 80 °C, 120 min) has been proposed for the fractionation of lignin from rice bran (RB). After end of the pre-treatment, residual RB was further submitted to bleaching treatment (BT) (1.7 % sodium chlorite, 60 °C, 120 min) for fractionation of cellulose fibres. The isolated lignin structure was extensively characterized using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and matrix assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time of flight-mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). In addition, surface morphology and surface elemental composition of untreated rice bran (UT-RB), acid treated rice bran (AT-RB) and bleaching treatment rice bran (BT-RB) were performed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), SEM, XRD and FTIR. Fractionated lignin and cellulose fibres could be used as feedstock in the integrated biorefineries application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]