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The production of high-value-added chemicals from the degradation of real lignin still has been an unresolved issue. In this study, a two-step strategy was proposed to obtain n-hexanol from alkali lignin, and high conversion of alkali lignin and selectivity of n-hexanol were achieved. The deoxygenation performance of the synthesized Ni-HZSM-5 catalyst, modified by Ca, was efficiently improved. At first, through the deoxygenation of alkali lignin via Ni/CaO-HZSM-5, the C–O bonds of the material were broken effectively and 44% degree of deoxygenation (DOD) was obtained. Second, n-hexanol was selectively produced over the Ni/HZSM-5 catalyst from the liquid product obtained by the first step. The efficiency of deoxygenation (DOD) was attained at 71%, and the heat value increased to 51.6 MJ/kg from 19.9 MJ/kg after the two-step strategy. This strategy showed a high catalytic effect to produce n-hexanol from alkali lignin using Ni/CaO-HZSM-5 and Ni/HZSM-5 catalysts and revealed a superior advantage in the hydrodeoxygenation of real lignin to form high additional value chemicals.

The catalytic selective hydrodeoxygenation of guaiacol to value-added cyclohexane is one of the sustainable biomass utilization pathways for which the Ru/HZSM-5 support catalyst has been considered as promising. However, the effect of the catalyst morphology on the catalytic properties must be further investigated. Four Ru catalysts with different support morphologies, two-dimensional nanosheets (Ru/HZSM-5-P), brick-shaped (Ru/HZSM-5-G), cross-shaped (Ru/HZSM-5-J), and irregular particles (Ru/HZSM-5-D), were prepared by the impregnation method to investigate the effects of catalyst morphology and acidity on the conversion efficiency of lignin-derived guaiacol to cyclohexane. The catalytic activity data showed that Ru/HZSM-5-P exhibited the best catalytic performance among the four catalysts with a conversion rate of 99.9% for guaiacol and a yield of 99.9% for cyclohexane. The characterization results showed significant differences among the four catalysts in terms of accessibility (thickness and pore volume), acidity, metal particle size, and reduction temperature. The Ru/HZSM-5-P catalyst with a two-dimensional nanosheet structure showed the best accessibility, smaller metal particle size, reasonable metal–support interaction, and appropriate B/L. The relatively strong acid centers facilitate the activation of C–C and C–O bonds. Besides, the reduced Ru species on the Ru/ZSM-5 catalyst exhibited high H2adsorption activity, which was beneficial for the adsorption of guaiacol. This indicates that the difference in catalyst morphology could greatly affect its catalytic activity, thereby altering the conversion rate of reactants and selectivity of the products.

Nowadays, the international community pays attention to the climate change and environmental issues. The strategy of low-carbon tourism has gradually become a realistic choice for the tourism development in the every country. Qinghai Lake scenic area is the leading scenic area of tourism development in Qinghai Province and the key area of tourism development in western China. Therefore, the low-carbon development is the only way. This paper analyzes the necessity of low-carbon development in tourist scenic area, respectively from tourism development and construction, operation and management, tourism attractions, tourism production and tourism consumption, and then discusses the low-carbon development path in Qinghai Lake scenic area.

Ecological footprint theory is used to evaluate the eco-environmental conditions by calculating the area of regional productive land. The research would estimate the environmental sustainability of the lifestyle of residents in Liaocheng city using the ecological footprint as the indicator of consumption. At first, the related conceptions of ecological footprint will be introduced, then analysis the disparity between consumption demand and available supply on the basis on data from statistical yearbook of Shandong Province in 2011. The result shows that the ecological footprint exceeds 27.9 times of ecological carrying capacity which indicate that the city was in unsustainable situation in 2011.

Cultural heritage tourism is one of the most essential components in tourist industry while tourist perception is of considerable referential importance for the development of cultural heritage destination. As one of the touristic hot spots after Beijing Olympics games as well as a typical sports cultural heritage tourist attraction, Beijing Olympic Park has become a new tourism landmark and tourist destination in Beijing. Based on a tourism market questionnaire survey, this paper analyses the present situation and existing problems of the tourism development in Beijing Olympic Park from the tourists perspective. This paper also tests five research hypotheses and makes some suggestions on the tourism market, tourism branding, tourism activities, tourism support system etc. specifically for Beijing Olympic Park.

Under the background of low-carbon economy, low-carbon tourism has become the response of tourism industry to low-carbon economy. The low-carbon development of eco-tourism areas is the inevitable choice of the tourism industry to achieve sustainable development. The paper uses stakeholder theory to analyze the various stakeholders in the position, function and interest demands in low-carbon tourism development in Qinghai Province of China, and puts forward that the low-carbon tourism development needs to strengthen the leading role of the government and the main role of tourism enterprises, practicing low-carbon tourism consumption patterns as well as establishing the low-carbon life values.

Dongchang Lake is a rare man-made lake in northern China located in western Shandong Province. It comprises of 6 sectional lakes and its total area is about 4.2 km2. But in these years, water pollution, especially from hotels surrounding Dongchang Lakes, had damaged people’s usual life. For solving this problem, we designed relative questionnaire and do investigation respectively in 2010 and 2011. Based on the statistical data and the first national census of pollution sources of urban life source production and emission coefficient manual, the amount of produced and emission about sewage and Chemical Oxygen Demand, Total Phosphorus, Total Nitrogen, Ammonia Nitrogen from hotels were calculated to provide better service for people.

Mica paper is made as one kind of insulation material, but low strength limits its applications. Surface modification is proved to be an effective way to enhance its strength. In this paper modifier like ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid, cationic polyacrylamide, cationic starch, ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic polyacrylamide and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic starch are introduced to improve strengths of mica paper. Finally ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid plus cationic starch is chosen as modifier of mica flakes. After modification mica paper can reach high tensile strength of 19.84N/cm, which is more than six times high than mica paper without any modification.

In order to solve the in-line inspection concerning mica-pulp which is in the state of lower concentration (0-6‰)& general concentration (1%-5%).And according to the photometric characteristics of absorption and scattering about mica-particles, we propose that the laser of wavelength (650nm) can be implemented the in-line inspection of concentration. Meanwhile, we gained the good effects regardless of whether adopted the theory of single scattering in the limit of lower concentration or use the theory of multiple scattering with respect to particle systems in the limit of general concentration. Thus, we can divide the inspection areas of concentration into linear zone (single scattering) & exponential region (multiple scattering) through the experiments data.Whereas, the precision of inspection can be up to 0.1‰ among the limit of lower concentration. Due to some phenomena anomalous scattering which its concentration only can be up to 6% in the certain condition of incident light. If adding intensity of light source which can increase the width of linear zone & exponential region, the valid region of inspection will be improved naturally. Thus, as for mica, the method of laser is extremely nice; its precision of inspection is high either.

Silicone resin is the mainly adhesive in mica insulation industry, and this sort of adhesive is easy to produce toxic and harmful volatile organic compounds and causing the environment pollution. Under the premise of no decrease in insulation performance of the mica composite insulation material, the environmental friendly modified starch adhesive is chosen. In order to obtain the high performance composite materials, the improvement of its flexural strength is necessary, and the method of modification is introduced. Four kinds of modified starch, such as: maize soluble starch, oxidized starch, β-dextrin and cationic starch are discussed. The cationic starch is avaliable as the bond medium and the silicone coupling agent KH-550 is used for modified enhancement. When the dosage of the cationic starch is 10% and modified 30mins by silicone coupling agent KH-550 with the concentration of 1%, the flexural strength and dielectric strength of the mica composite insulation material can reach 248.5 N/mm2 and 23.16 KV/mm respectively.

In this paper, a new method of the preparation of mica composite insulation material without making mica paper is introduced. Firstly, the mica pulp and modified starch is mixed, and then preformed by ultrasonic dispersion, finally formed with three separation steps of hot-pressing. The flexural strength of mica composite insulation material can reach 229.5 N/mm2, the dielectric strength can reach 23.80KV/mm.

While mica papers are used as insulation material binders and reinforcement materials are needed to enhance the mechanical strength which might reduce insulation property of mica paper materials. In this paper aramid fibers and mica flakes are mixed to make composite paper insulation, both have the high strength, heat resistance of aramid fibers and high dielectric strength, corona resistance of mica flakes. When this composite material is preparing, process of mix pulp papermaking was chosen, combined with mica flake and aramid fiber modification. Prepared composite material has properties of high tensile strength, dielectric strength, heat resistance, softness, can be used as high quality insulation.

The paper discussed a way of detection on the mica-paper’s thickness is that use infrared radiation to detect it. According the mica-paper’s absorbance characteristic of infrared radiation, the paper also discussed the method of using the lambert-beer law in thickness detecting and made the model which is applicable to mica-paper. Finally the researchers have used this model to Predict thickness of mica paper and obtained good results.