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In wireless communication, time-varying channel modeling has been an essential research topic. In this communication, a multidimensional feature metric-based (MFM) cluster-tracking algorithm is proposed. First, the multidimensional features (including centroid, shape, and density features) are extracted to describe the characteristics of clusters, in which the feature similarity is calculated to find the optimal matching relationship between different clusters in successive snapshots. Second, the feature similarity threshold is defined to distinguish the birth and death behaviors of dynamic clusters. In addition, a novel clustering validation index is proposed to evaluate the accuracy of clustering tracking results in time-varying channels. Finally, the measured and simulated channels at 28 GHz are used to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Numerical simulation results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm can accurately capture the nonstationary time-varying properties in millimeter-wave (mmWave) channels, which is of great significance for the fifth-generation (5G) and the sixth-generation (6G) channel modeling.

Six cocrystal phase diagrams at 298.15 K for ternary systems consisting of 4-aminobenzoic acid (4-ABA) (1) + 2-/3-aminopyridine (2) + ethanol/ethyl acetate (3) and 4-aminobenzoic acid (1) + 4-aminopyridine (2) + ethanol/isopropanol (3) were constructed based on the mutual equilibrium solubilities, which were achieved using the isothermal saturation technique. Each ternary system yielded three distinct solids: aminopyridine, 4-ABA, and aminopyridine·4-ABA (1:1, mole ratio) cocrystal and included two cosaturation points, five crystalline regions, and three curves in a state of cosaturation. The size of the crystalline zone of the 2-/3-aminopyridine·4-ABA cocrystal is greater than that of the 4-aminopyridine·4-ABA cocrystal. All of the cocrystals exhibit stability in their solid form. Analysis of these diagrams elucidated the process of the cocrystal crystallization in solvent and determined the specific locations where each cocrystal remained stable in each solvent. The cocrystals of aminopyridine-4-ABA can be generated by favorable contacts, e.g., hydrogen bond force and van der Waals force. This outcome is obtained through the examination of an independent gradient model based on Hirshfeld partitions as well as the examination of the Hirshfeld surface, 2D fingerprint plot, and DFT analysis. Among the three cocrystals, 2-aminopyridine-4-ABA has the highest level of stability. The phase diagrams of cocrystals and the thermodynamic analysis can serve as a foundation for generating cocrystals of 2-/3-/4-aminopyridine·4-ABA.

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Accurate image reconstruction is at the heart of diagnostics in medical imaging. Supervised deep learning-based approaches have been investigated for solving inverse problems including image reconstruction. However, these trained models encounter unseen data distributions that are widely shifted from training data during deployment. Therefore, it is essential to assess whether a given input falls within the training data distribution. Current uncertainty estimation approaches focus on providing an uncertainty map to radiologists, rather than assessing the training distribution fit. In this work, we propose a method based on the local Lipschitz metric to distinguish out-of-distribution images from in-distribution with an area under the curve of 99.94% for True Positive Rate versus False Positive Rate. We demonstrate a very strong relationship between the local Lipschitz value and mean absolute error (MAE), supported by a Spearman's rank correlation coefficient of 0.8475, to determine an uncertainty estimation threshold for optimal performance. Through the identification of false positives, we demonstrate the local Lipschitz and MAE relationship can guide data augmentation and reduce uncertainty. Our study was validated using the AUTOMAP architecture for sensor-to-image Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) reconstruction. We demonstrate our approach outperforms baseline techniques of Monte-Carlo dropout and deep ensembles as well as the state-of-the-art Mean Variance Estimation network approach. We expand our application scope to MRI denoising and Computed Tomography sparse-to-full view reconstructions using UNET architectures. We show our approach is applicable to various architectures and applications, especially in medical imaging, where preserving diagnostic accuracy of reconstructed images remains paramount.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) double high pollution (DHP) events have occurred frequently over China in recent years, but their causes are not completely clear. In this study, the spatiotemporal distribution of DHP events in China during 2013–20 is analyzed. The synoptic types affecting DHP events are identified with the Lamb–Jenkinson circulation classification method. The meteorological and chemical causes of DHP events controlled by the main synoptic types are further investigated. Results show that DHP events (1655 in total for China during 2013–20) mainly occur over the North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Sichuan Basin, and Central China. The occurrence frequency increases by 5.1% during 2013–15, and then decreases by 56.1% during 2015–20. The main circulation types of DHP events are “cyclone” and “anticyclone”, accounting for over 40% of all DHP events over five main polluted regions in China, followed by southerly or easterly flat airflow types, like “southeast”, “southwest”, and “east”. Compared with non-DHP events, DHP events are characterized by static or weak wind, high temperature (20.9°C versus 23.1°C) and low humidity (70.0% versus 64.9%). The diurnal cycles of meteorological conditions cause PM2.5(0300–1200 LST, Local Standard Time= UTC+ 8 hours) and O3(1500–2100 LST) to exceed the national standards at different periods of the DHP day. Three pollutant conversion indices further indicate the rapid secondary conversions during DHP events, and thus the concentrations of NO2, SO2and volatile organic compounds decrease by 13.1%, 4.7% and 4.4%, respectively. The results of this study can be informative for future decisions on the management of DHP events.

Superalloys play a critical role in aerospace applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties at high temperatures. The application of magnetic fields to regulate superalloys presents novel avenues for optimizing microstructures, controlling solidification defects, and enhancing their high-temperature properties. This paper provides a comprehensive review of research findings on the influence of magnetic fields on the microstructure and properties of superalloys. It systematically elucidates the effects of different types and intensities of magnetic fields on alloy solidification. Moreover, this paper extensively explores the effects of various types of magnetic fields on the phase composition, microstructure, and properties of superalloys, including Ni-based and Co-based alloys, as well as high-entropy alloys. The underlying mechanisms behind the impact of magnetic fields on these alloy types are thoroughly analyzed. Finally, the last section offers a brief summary of the current development status and prospects of magnetic field-regulated superalloys.

This study aimed to develop novel rapid-acting antidepressants with sustained efficacy and favorable safety profiles. We designed and synthesized a series of fluorine-containing scopolamine analogues and evaluated their antidepressant potential. In vitrocytotoxicity assays showed that most of these compounds exhibited minimal toxicity against neuronal and non-neuronal mammalian cell lines (IC50> 100 μM). The antidepressant activities of the compounds were evaluated using the tail suspension test, and S-3awas identified as a lead compound with potent and sustained antidepressant effects. Behaviorally, S-3aalleviated depressive symptoms in mice and displayed a higher cognitive safety margin than scopolamine. Toxicological assessments confirmed S-3a’s safety, while pharmacokinetics showed a rapid clearance (half-life: 16.6 min). Mechanistically, S-3aantagonized M1receptors and elevated BDNF levels, suggesting its potential as an antidepressant for further exploration.

ABSTRACTThere are some attacks on the network, such as botnet attack, DDoS attack and Local Area Network Denial attack, which are attacked on certain group of clustered nodes in the network. At present, the existing connectivity has certain defects in reflecting the fault-tolerant ability of the network under these network attacks. To measure the fault tolerance and reliability of a network which is attacked on certain group of clustered nodes in the network by attackers, we propose the r-component block connectivity. A subset $ F\subseteq V(G) $ F⊆V(G)is called a r-component block cut of a graph Gif G−Fis disconnected, moreover G−Fhas at least rcomponents and the subgraph induced by Fis connected. The cardinality of a minimum r-component block cut of G, denoted by $ CB\kappa _r(G) $ CBκr(G), is the r-component block connectivity of G. In this paper, we obtain $ CB\kappa _2(Q_n)=2n-1 $ CBκ2(Qn)=2n−1and $ CB\kappa _{r+1}(Q_n)=(r+1)n-3r+3 $ CBκr+1(Qn)=(r+1)n−3r+3for $ 2\leq r\leq ~n-2 $ 2≤r≤n−2and $ n\geq 4 $ n≥4, where $ Q_n $ Qnis a n-dimension hypercube.

Crop breeding requires a balance of tradeoffs among key agronomic traits caused by gene pleiotropy. The molecular manipulation of genes can effectively improve target traits, but this may not reduce gene pleiotropy, potentially leading to undesirable traits or even lethal conditions. However, molecular editing of cis-regulatory elements (CREs) of target genes may facilitate the dissection of gene pleiotropy to fine-tune gene expression. In this study, we developed a pipeline, in potato, which employs open chromatin to predict candidate CREs, along with both transient and genetic assays to validate the function of CREs and CRISPR/Cas9 to edit candidate CREs. We used StCDF1as an example, a key gene for potato tuberization and identified a 288 bp-core promoter region, which showed photoperiodic inducibility. A homozygous CRISPR/Cas9-editing line was established, with two deletions in the core promoter, which displayed a reduced expression level, resulting in late tuberization under both long-day and short-day conditions. This pipeline provides an alternative pathway to improve a specific trait with limited downside on other phenotypes.

As the integration of devices in electronics manufacturing increases, there is a growing demand for thermal interface materials (TIMs) with high through-plane thermal conductivity. Vertically aligned carbon fiber (CF) thermally conductive composites have received considerable attention from researchers. However, the presence of significant interfacial thermal resistance at the interface between CFs and polymer presented a significant challenge to achieving the desired thermal conductivity, even in highly vertically aligned structures. Here, in addition to developing a polymer-based thermally conductive composite based on highly oriented CFs, we employed the Diels–Alder reaction to enhance the interfacial bonding between the CFs and the polymer matrix. Notably, we proposed the thermal conductivity enhancing mechanism of the highly oriented CFs filled silicone rubber (SR) composite originated from the strengthened interfacial bonding. The results indicated that the Diels–Alder reaction facilitated an increase in the thermal conductivity of the composite from 17.69 Wm−1K−1to 21.50 Wm−1K−1with a CF loading of 71.4 wt%. Additionally, a novel nano-indentation test was employed to analyse the interfacial strengthening of composites. Our research have significant implications for the advancement of thermal management in the field of electronics and energy, particularly with regard to the development of high-performance thermally conductive composites.

Rapid NIR light detection and/or writing has drawn much attention, but their practical applications have been limited by obtaining such NIR photodetectors. To address this problem, we have developed a simple and versatile strategy to prepare a non-woven fabric photodetector. The blue non-woven fabric photodetector has been prepared by coating photo-thermochromic ink (including crystal violet lactone (CVL) as the thermo-sensitive dye, polypyrrole (PPy) nanospheres as the photothermal component and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) as the polymer matrix) on white non-woven fabric. When the blue fabric photodetector is irradiated by NIR (808-nm as model, 0.75 W cm−2) laser, the discoloration occurs in 35 s, and higher laser intensity confers more rapid discoloration. This discoloration results from the photothermal effect of PPy which confers the elevation of temperature (> 50 °C) and then converts CVL to its leuco form (colorless). When the laser is turned off, the temperature drops to below the transition temperature (< 43 °C), and then CVL reverts to its initial blue color. Moreover, different figures and images can be easily printed on the fabric photodetector by 808 nm laser, and then they can be erased automatically under ambient conditions, with excellent cycling stability. Therefore, this fabric photodetector may act as a new platform for rapid NIR light detection and writing.

During a mega-event, the air pollution control measures for the key city and surrounding regions were within a certain distance was always implemented. The necessity of taking the similar or even same measures everywhere is suspect. The 7th Military World Games (MWG) was held in an inland city-Wuhan, and the air pollution control regions within a cycle of diameter as 400 km, which give a good opportunity to address this problem. Compared to the air pollution control period (10/08 − 10/28) in 2019 with those from 2015 to 2018, CO, NO2, PM10, PM2.5, and SO2showed negative anomalies of 0.13 ± 0.09 mg m− 3, 10.8 ± 3.34 µg m− 3, 39.3 ± 5.98 µg m− 3, 18.0 ± 3.17 µg m− 3, and 4.30 ± 2.66 µg m− 3, respectively, while O3showed positive anomalies (9.84 ± 4.06 µg m− 3) in the core control area (Wuhan). Using the weather normalized technique, the contributions of emissions and meteorology to anomalies of air pollutants were quantified, i.e., emission variations contributed to 52.7% of PM2.5anomalies in Wuhan. The reduced mass concentrations of elemental carbon (0.49 µg m− 3) and trace elements (0.88 µg m− 3), as well as the reductions from biomass burning (4.15 µg m− 3), vehicle emissions (2.75 µg m− 3), and coal combustion (1.03 µg m− 3) all verified the effectiveness and necessity of pollution control for local primary particles. While the elevated nitrate (6.14 µg m− 3) and sulfate (2.23 µg m− 3) concentrations during the MWG period highlighted the enhanced secondary formation when the air mass transported mainly from the north, northeastern and western regions of Wuhan, within a cycle of diameter of 300 km. The pollution control at the south regions of Wuhan is not necessary here. This study suggested that during a mega-event, the primary emission reduction of particles from local biomass burning, vehicle emission, fugitive dust as well as the NO2and NH3reduction from the unwind regions within a certain distance should be emphasized, which can save costs and human efforts effectively.

Purpose: Mixed salt stress significantly inhibits pepper germination and seedling growth, but it is unclear whether the negative effect can be mitigated by selenium (Se) addition. Methods: Four pepper varieties with large differences in salt tolerance were used as materials in this study. Based on the significant stress of mixed salts, the concentration of sodium selenite was set to 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 120 µmol L− 1, respectively. Various parameters related to seed germination, seedling growth and development, as well as internal physiological indicators were measured, and the alleviating effects of sodium selenite on salt stress was comprehensively evaluated by fuzzy membership function method. Results: The results showed that with the increase of sodium selenite concentration, the germination rate, relative salt damage mitigation rate, root fresh weight, fresh weight above ground, root length, hypocotyl length, and seedling activity index all showed an initial increase followed by a decrease, while the contents of superoxide anion radical (O2−), malondialdehyde (MDA), proline (Pro) and the activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) decreased first and then increased. On the whole, the total weighted values of membership function values of each index of the four varieties increased first and then decreased with the increase of sodium selenite concentration. The addition of appropriate concentration of exogenous sodium selenite (10–20 µmol L− 1) significantly improved seed germination of pepper, meanwhile, it alleviated the effect of salt stress and promoted root and above ground growth by significantly reducing the content of O2−and MDA. Conclusions: The appropriate concentration of exogenous Se could promote the growth and development of pepper seedlings and ensure the cultivation of strong seedlings by promoting the early and rapid germination of seeds and reducing the degree of stress.

The partial substitution of mineral nitrogen (N) fertilizer with organic manure can mitigate the negative effect of N on the environment. However, little is known about whether the introduction of additional phosphorus (P) with different proportions of organic manure application promotes P migration in soil profile, which is closely related to P non-point source pollution. Five field fertilization experiments mineral N, P, potassium (K) fertilizers only (NPK) and 30%, 50%, 70%, 100% of mineral fertilizer N substituted with organic manure (PM30, PM50, PM70, PM100), were conducted to evaluate the effect of different proportions of organic manure substitution for mineral N fertilizer on distribution of P fractions in soil profile. P mainly accumulated in the soil in the form of inorganic P, and the total P (TP) and total inorganic P (TIP) showed increasing trend with increasing soil depth under organic manure substitution treatments. Detailed P fractionation data showed that compared with NPK treatment, labile inorganic P fractions mainly accumulated in surface soil under organic manure substitution treatments, while stable inorganic P fractions migrated vertically. Moreover, the high proportion of organic manure substitution treatment had a higher labile and stable inorganic P contents in the surface soil and the deep soil relative to the low proportion of organic substitution, respectively. The high proportion of organic manure substitution treatment would lead to a higher risk of P loss by surface runoff and leaching. Therefore, when substituting mineral N fertilizer with organic manure, P should also be considered, and the substitution proportion of organic manure needed to be optimized from the perspective of reducing the risk of P loss.

Reversible adhesion with on-demand attachment and detachment is used by many animals for their locomotion. However, achieving robust and switchable adhesion on rough surfaces in artificial adhesives remains a significant challenge. Here, we present a snail mucus-inspired touch-initiate adhesive (TIA), showing robust adhesions on various surfaces. TIA is a polymeric hydrogel photo-cured with the presence of supersaturated sodium acetate (NaAc) in the precursor solution. TIA is soft and flexible at room temperature, allowing it to form conformal contact with objects with various surfaces. The contact with the target surface immediately initiates the crystallization of TIA, increasing the elastic modulus of TIA by an order of magnitude. The increased modulus and the interlocking with the target surfaces thus results in an adhesion strength up to 465.56 ± 84.05 kPa. TIA can be easily detached from the surface by heating to a temperature above 58 °C, showing an adhesion strength of 12.71 ± 2.73 kPa. The detached TIA, even cooled down to and kept at room temperature, is readily used for the subsequent adhesion. The study here not only provides a highly adhesive material for on-demand attachment to various surfaces, but also proposes a new design strategy to compose smart materials.

This article focuses on the design and validation of a new robust control framework referred to as “twin-observers-based control (TOBC)”, which is capable of suppressing the influence of disturbances or uncertainties on the path-tracking performance of intelligent vehicles. The TOBC technique is proposed and investigated by introducing the concept of an imaginary physical plant and equivalently treating the controller as a special unknown input observer (UIO). Unlike the existing disturbance-observer-based control (DOBC) (also known as UIO-based control) with a two-stage design procedure, the proposed TOBC method only requires the design of one UIO. In the TOBC framework, two identical UIOs are used to estimate the total disturbance and generate control commands, respectively. Firstly, the issue of path-tracking control is transformed into the problem of yaw rate tracking. Next, a nonlinear UIO capable of estimating first-order disturbances is developed. Based on this approach, twin UIOs with different objectives are combined to achieve path-tracking control of intelligent vehicles in the presence of disturbances or uncertainties. Exponential stability of the UIO is ensured by appropriately selecting design parameters. Furthermore, the stability of the closed-loop system under the composite controller, consisting of twin UIOs, is established. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control technique for path-tracking tasks are demonstrated through comprehensive simulation studies, comparative analyses, and experimental verifications.

To meet the special requirements of high-voltage pulsed electric field liquid sterilization for pulse power supply, the traditional Marx circuit is improved. A bipolar square wave pulse power supply for liquid sterilization is designed by combining solid state switch with Marx circuit, which simplifies the control strategy and reduces the number of semiconductor switches. A discharge circuit for residual charge of diverse load is designed, which makes the bipolar pulse waveform have steep rising edge and fast falling edge, and has good circuit clamping function and load adaptability. An experimental prototype of bipolar square wave pulse power supply is developed, which is composed of adjustable dc power supply, three-stage full-bridge Marx circuit, and control protection circuit. The power supply can output high-voltage square wave pulse with voltage amplitude of ±6 kV, frequency of 50~500 Hz, pulse width of 2 $\sim 20~\mu \text{s}$ , positive and negative pulse rising edge, and falling edge within 300 ns. The design of the discharge circuit enables the charge on the load to discharge quickly, which significantly steepens the pulse tailing and reduces the abnormal discharge during liquid sterilization, providing theoretical, and technical support for liquid sterilization technology.

The ethanol ( $\text{C}_{{2}}\text{H}_{{5}}$ OH) gas sensing characteristics of an interesting sensor have been studied and reported. The studied sensor is manufactured by the deposition of an Al-doped SnO2(ATO) thin film via sputtering, followed by the addition of evaporated gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) on a sapphire (Al2O3) substrate. The utilization of Au NPs is found to significantly enhance the sensor’s ethanol gas sensing capabilities, attributed to the augmented specific surface area and catalytic capability of the Au metal. In-depth characterization of the intrinsic material properties is achieved through compositional, morphological, and structural analyses. Experimentally, the proposed sensor demonstrates a higher sensing response of 1436, accompanied by a response time of 23 s and a recovery time of 17 s when exposed to 1000 ppm $\text{C}_{{2}}\text{H}_{{5}}$ OH/air gas at 275 °C. Notably, the sensor exhibits an exceptionally lower detectable content of 40 ppb $\text{C}_{{2}}\text{H}_{{5}}$ OH/air. The research further delves into the replicable and long-term (90 days) sensing properties concerning ethanol gas. In addition, the proposed sensor has the advantages including a simplistic sensor structure, cost-effectiveness, and a relatively straightforward fabrication process.

3C silicon carbide (3C-SiC) has great potential and value for innovated high-precision devices. However, the high hardness make it a daunting task to understand its deformation behavior and anisotropy effect, which impedes its processing and application. In this study, we performed molecular dynamic simulations of nanoindentation to study the deformation behavior and anisotropy effect of 3C-SiC. It is found that the elastic deformation and incipient plastic deformation are orientation-dependent, exhibiting fourfold symmetry, central symmetry and threefold symmetry while indenting on 3C-SiC (010), (110) and (111) surfaces. The dislocations nucleate and propagate due to the high shear stress induced by indentation, which in turn leads to the dissipation of shear stress in the sample. In the plastic stage, the dislocations evolve from embryonic dislocations to ribbon dislocations, and finally to prismatic dislocations. The prismatic dislocation loops are surrounded by stacking faults in {111} planes, most of which are enclosed by four stair-rod dislocations in <110> orientations. Moreover, we find that Thompson tetrahedron is suitable for understanding the anisotropy effect of ceramics with cubic diamond structure, and it is applied to investigate the formation and evolution of dislocations systematically in 3C-SiC. This research is meaningful for understanding the deformation behavior and anisotropy effect of 3C-SiC. The results may provide theoretical support for the processing and application of 3C-SiC.

To reveal the molecular mechanism underlying the compatibility of Salvia miltiorrhizaBge (S. miltiorrhiza, Dan Shen) and C. tinctoriusL. (C. tinctorius,Hong Hua) as an herb pair through network pharmacology and subsequent experimental validation.

Bacterial-feeding nematodes affect bacteria-mediated nitrogen (N) cycling processes by their predation on bacteria. However, the correlations between bacterial abundance, diversity, community composition, and the abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes in the presence of organic combined with inorganic fertilizers, and their effects on soil N availability are unclear. Here, four field fertilization treatments, including unfertilized control (CK), chemical N, phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizers (NPK), NPK plus crop straw (SNPK), and NPK plus pig manure (MNPK), were performed for studying relationships among bacterial abundance, diversity, community composition, and the abundance of bacterial-feeding nematodes along with corresponding effects on soil N availability. Results showed that nitrate nitrogen (NO3−-N) content was significantly upregulated in the SNPK and MNPK treatments compared to that in the NPK treatment and showed a significant positive relationship with bacterial abundance and community composition. As revealed by partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM), bacterial community composition had a stronger effect on the NO3−-N content, and bacterial-feeding nematodes indirectly affected the NO3−-N content by directly positively affecting the bacterial community composition, among which the bacterial-feeding nematode Eucephalobusplayed a stronger role in the production of NO3−-N. Overall, the findings of this study suggested that bacterial-feeding nematodes can improve soil N availability through impacting bacterial community composition rather than bacterial diversity and abundance. These results suggest that bacterial-feeding nematodes may play an important role in improving soil N availability in farmlands.

A new ammonia (NH3) sensor based on the incorporation of an Al-doped SnO2 (ATO) thin layer and platinum (Pt) nanoparticles (NPs) is produced. The employed Pt NPs effectively enhance the ammonia sensing behaviors due to enlarged specific surface area and advanced catalytic ability of noble Pt metal. Compositional, elemental, and morphological analyses are made to check the designed structure. In the experiment, good ammonia detecting performance including an advanced sensing response of 817.2 with a small response (recovery) time of 35 s (7 s) under 1000 ppm NH3 gas and an extremely lower detectable level of 20 ppb NH3 are obtained at 275°C. Moreover, the presented sensor demonstrates prominent long-term (120 d) stability toward ammonia gas.

As in mammals, ovarian folliculogenesis in teleosts also consists of two phases: the primary growth (PG) and secondary growth (SG) phases, which are analogous to the preantral and antral phases respectively in mammals. In this study, we performed a proteomic analysis on zebrafish follicles undergoing the PG–SG transition aiming to identify factors involved in the event. Numerous proteins showed significant changes, and the most prominent one was Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1; Ybx1/ybx1), a transcription factor and mRNA-binding protein. YB-1 belongs to the Y-box binding protein family, which also includes the gonad-specific YB-2. Interestingly, phylogenetic analysis showed no YB-2 homolog in zebrafish. Although ybx1mRNA was expressed in various tissues, its protein Ybx1 was primarily produced in the gonads, similar to YB-2 in other species. In the ovary, Ybx1 protein started to appear in early follicles newly emerged from the germ cell cysts, reached the highest level in late PG oocytes, but decreased precipitously when the follicles entered the SG phase. In PG follicles, Ybx1 might function as a key component of the messenger ribonucleoprotein particles (mRNPs) in association with other RNA-binding proteins. Similar to mammalian YB-1, zebrafish Ybx1 also contains functional signals that determine its intracellular localization. In conclusion, Ybx1 may play dual roles of YB-1 and YB-2 in zebrafish. In the ovary, Ybx1 binds mRNAs to stabilize them while preventing their translation. At PG–SG transition, Ybx1 is removed to release the masked mRNAs for translation into functional proteins, leading to follicle activation.Graphical Abstract

This paper proposes a voltage source converter (VSC) control strategy for the high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission systems compensating the harmonic components. For VSC-HVDC AC system accounted for a relatively large share of the 5th, 7th, 11th, 13th and other low harmonics. A selective harmonic current control strategy based on vector proportional integral (VPI) regulator in dq coordinate system is proposed on the basis of PI control. In which, PI is used to control the DC component of the current error, while VPI is used to suppress the multiplicative fluctuations of the current error. Unlike the proportional-integral resonant (PIR) regulator, the VPI contains a second-order numerator that achieves the ideal 0° phase delay of the closed-loop transfer function of the control system at the set resonant frequency point, so its control accuracy for harmonic currents is better than that of the PIR. A two-terminal VSC-HVDC system is built using Simulink software, and current compensation simulations are performed for three control methods: conventional PI, PIR and PI parallel VPI schemes. The superior harmonic suppression performance of VPI is verified by comparing the harmonic content.

The distributed assembly mixed no-idle permutation flowshop scheduling problem (DAMNIPFSP), a common occurrence in modern industries like integrated circuit production, ceramic frit production, fiberglass processing, and steel-making, is a new model that considers mixed machines with no-idle restrictions as well as conventional machines. This article introduces an estimation of distribution algorithm-based hyper-heuristic (EDA-HH) to solve the DAMNIPFSP. Ten simple heuristic rules as low-level operations are utilized to search the solution space. The estimation of distribution algorithm is integrated into the framework of hyper-heuristic as the high-level strategy to control the low-level heuristics sequence in the solution space. The destruction and construction procedures are conducted on products and jobs in order to enhance the exploitation competence of EDA-HH. The computational simulation is carried out and the experimental results show that the proposed EDA-HH is significantly superior to the competitors in the statistical sense. The results of the 810 large-scale problem instances show the effectiveness of the EDA-HH in solving the DAMNIPFSP. Moreover, the CPLEX solver is utilized to verify the correctness of the model with some small instances.

This paper presents a cascade-modified uncertainty and disturbance estimator (CMUDE)–based controller. The attitude-tracking performance of a quadrotor would be greatly degraded due to two factors: (1) a nonideal actuator and (2) an exogenous disturbance. Based on these factors, an actuator model is accurately identified using a thrust test platform. Then, a cascade-structured CMUDE controller is designed through the backstepping method, so the disturbances from different channels can be separately dealt with. The idea of the uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) is then applied to dynamically compensate for not only the exogenous disturbance but also the time delay in the actuator dynamics. Benefitting from that, the problem of mismatched disturbances is solved by defining virtual control inputs; furthermore, the nonlinear term in the attitude kinematics is included in the model uncertainty to be canceled instead of being ignored. When tracking attitude commands, the exogenous disturbance and model uncertainty along with the time delay of the actuator are estimated and compensated for by the proposed controller, so the performance of the disturbance rejection is significantly improved while maintaining a quick response to the rapidly changing commands. To verify that, the proposed controller is implemented on a quadrotor platform to carry out exhaustive experiments and compared with the mainstream cascade PID (CPID) controller, the classic UDE-based controller, and the latest modified-UDE (MUDE)–based controller. The results show that our control strategy achieves a better disturbance rejection and more accurate tracking performance than other controllers.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory skin disease. Keratinocyte dysfunction plays a central role in AD development. MicroRNA is a novel player in many inflammatory and immune skin diseases. In this study, we investigated the potential function and regulatory mechanism of miR‐193b in AD. Inflamed human keratinocytes (HaCaT) were established by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α/interferon (IFN)‐γ stimulation. Cell viability was measured using MTT assay, while the cell cycle was analyzed using flow cytometry. The cytokine levels were examined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. The interaction between Sp1, miR‐193b, and HMGB1 was analyzed using dual luciferase reporter and/or chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays. Our results revealed that miR‐193b upregulation enhanced the proliferation of TNF‐α/IFN‐γ‐treated keratinocytes and repressed inflammatory injury. miR‐193b negatively regulated high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) expression by directly targeting HMGB1. Furthermore, HMGB1 knockdown promoted keratinocyte proliferation and inhibited inflammatory injury by repressing nuclear factor kappa‐B (NF‐κB) activation. During AD progression, HMGB1 overexpression abrogated increase of keratinocyte proliferation and repression of inflammatory injury caused by miR‐193b overexpression. Moreover, transcription factor Sp1 was identified as the biological partner of the miR‐193b promoter in promoting miR‐193b expression. Therefore, Sp1 upregulation promotes keratinocyte proliferation and represses inflammatory injury during AD development via promoting miR‐193b expression and repressing HMGB1/NF‐κB activation.

Conducting polymers offer attractive mixed ionic-electronic conductivity, tunable interfacial barrier with metal, tissue matchable softness, and versatile chemical functionalization, making them robust to bridge the gap between brain tissue and electronic circuits. This review focuses on chemically revised conducting polymers, combined with their superior and controllable electrochemical performance, to fabricate long-term bioelectronic implants, addressing chronic immune responses, weak neuron attraction, and long-term electrocommunication instability challenges. Moreover, the promising progress of zwitterionic conducting polymers in bioelectronic implants (≥4 weeks stable implantation) is highlighted, followed by a comment on their current evolution toward selective neural coupling and reimplantable function. Finally, a critical forward look at the future of zwitterionic conducting polymers for in vivo bioelectronic devices is provided.

We report that surrounding coordination of neutral six-membered arene rings affords molecularly well-defined organotransition metal nanoclusters. With the use of [2.2]paracyclophane as the face-capping arene ligand, we have isolated two polyarene palladium nanoclusters, one consisting of a hexakis-arene ligand shell and a hexagonal close-packed Pd13anticuboctahedron trichloride core, and the other consisting of an octakis-arene ligand shell and a non-close-packed Pd17square gyrobicupola dichloride core, both with Pd–Pd direct bonding. The μ4-facial coordination mode of arene was discovered through the structural characterization of the Pd13cluster. Their Pd13and Pd17cores, which are distinct from the previously identified face-centered-cubic Pd13core surrounded by seven-membered cycloheptatrienyl, are explained by stereochemical and theoretical analyses.

Nanotwinned high entropy alloys (HEA) offer promising applications in engineering due to their remarkable mechanical properties. However, the influence of twin boundaries (TB) on the deformation behavior and surface/subsurface damage of nanotwinned HEAs during friction and nanocutting processes is still unclear. To address this issue, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to investigate the TB effect on the nanoscratching response of nanotwinned CoCrCuFeNi HEA (nt-HEA). The results show that the TB leads to lateral atomic movement in the upper twinning layer during nanoindentation, which hinders the slip of dislocations to the lower twinning layer. During nanoscratching, downward TB migration and upward TB migration are observed due to the lateral atomic movement in TB or in upper atomic layer of TB at different positions of the sample. In addition, the propagation of dislocations in the lower twinning layer is observed, leading to the release of shear stress in the upper twinning layer. The nt-HEA also exhibits strong anisotropy during nanoscratching, with more sessile dislocations generated for backward (along [1¯1¯2]orientation) scratching. The sessile dislocations contribute to the strengthening and dislocation hardening in the subsurface of nt-HEA. The stacking faults in the lower twinning layer are more stable for backward scratching due to the formation of stair-rod dislocations. These findings provide new insights into the TB effects on the deformation behavior of CoCrCuFeNi HEA during nanoscratching, and are of great significance for the industrial application of nanotwinned HEA.

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