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Immunotherapy elicits a systemic antitumour immune response in peripheral circulating T cells. However, the T cell trafficking circuit between organs and their contributions to antitumour immunity remain largely unknown. Here we show in multiple mouse leukaemia models that high infiltration of leukaemic cells in bone marrow (BM) stimulates the transition of CD8+CD44+CD62L+central memory T cells into CD8+CD44–CD62L–T cells, designated as inter-organ migratory T cells (TIMcells). TIMcells move from the BM to the intestine by upregulating integrin β7and downregulating C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 during leukaemogenesis. Upon immunogenic chemotherapy, these BM-derived TIMcells return from the intestine to the BM through integrin α4–vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 interaction. Blocking C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 3 function boosts the immune response against leukaemia by enhancing T cell trafficking. This phenomenon can also be observed in patients with leukaemia. In summary, we identify an unrecognized intestine–BM trafficking circuit of T cells that contributes to the antitumour effects of immunogenic chemotherapy.

As one of the most induced genes in activated macrophages, immune-responsive gene 1(IRG1) encodes a mitochondrial metabolic enzyme catalysing the production of itaconic acid (ITA). Although ITA has an anti-inflammatory property, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we show that ITA is a potent inhibitor of the TET-family DNA dioxygenases. ITA binds to the same site on TET2 as the co-substrate α-ketoglutarate, inhibiting TET2 catalytic activity. Lipopolysaccharide treatment, which induces Irg1 expression and ITA accumulation, inhibits Tet activity in macrophages. Transcriptome analysis reveals that TET2 is a major target of ITA in suppressing lipopolysaccharide-induced genes, including those regulated by the NF-κB and STAT signalling pathways. In vivo, ITA decreases the levels of 5-hydroxymethylcytosine, reduces lipopolysaccharide-induced acute pulmonary oedema as well as lung and liver injury, and protects mice against lethal endotoxaemia, depending on the catalytic activity of Tet2. Our study thus identifies ITA as an immune modulatory metabolite that selectively inhibits TET enzymes to dampen the inflammatory responses.

In this paper, the adsorption of heavy metals by biomass, namely dry garlic stem, an environmentally-friendly and natural adsorbent, were studied．The efficiency of the adsorbent was studied under different experimental conditions by varying parameters such as pH, initial concentration and contact time using batch adsorption technique. The results show that at pH 5.50, room temperature, the adsorption time 90 min and the amount of garlic stem 0.5 g, Co2+ have the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Co2+ on garlic stem is 14.9 mg/g. At pH 9.50, the adsorption time 90 min and the amount of garlic stem 0.7g, Cd2+ have the maximum adsorption at the same temperature. The maximum adsorption of the Cd2+ is 20.90 mg/g. At pH 10.0, the adsorption time 150 min and the amount of garlic stem 0.3g, Ni2+ have the maximum adsorption at the same temperature. The dry garlic stem is a efficient adsorbent in removing cobalt, cadmium and nickel from aqueous solution.

A new method for the determination of zinc based on the synergetic enhancement effect of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) and ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (APDC) by chemical vapor generation (CVG) coupled with flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed. RTILs and APDC were used as synergetic enhancement reagents. The addition of RTILs led to a 3.6 times improvement in the CVG efficiency of zinc. Zinc hydride was effectively generated with a 48% vapor generation efficiency (the CVG efficiency was calculated on the basis of the concentrations of zinc before and after CVG) by mixing the acidified analyte solutions with KBH4in the presence of 0.02% (m/v) APDC and 0.1% (m/v) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([C4MIM]BF4). Some parameters that influenced CVG and subsequent determination were evaluated in detail, such as the concentrations of RTILs, APDC, HNO3and KBH4; flow rates of the carrier gas, lengths of the reaction tube and transfer tube, as well as interference from other elements. A detection of limit of 9 ng mL−1and a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 5.7% at 400 ng mL−1Zn(ii) (n= 5) were obtained under optimal experimental conditions. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of zinc in real water samples and certified reference samples with satisfactory results.

Tunnel collapse causes serious casualties and economic losses. One typical case analysis of a collapse in deep-buried tunnel based on microseismic monitoring is presented. The results show that the number of microseismic event keeps increasing and the distribution of microseismic events becomes concentrated in space domain gradually during collapse nucleation process. And average distance squared decreases gradually during the imminent period time just before the collapse. The failure evolution mechanism of the collapse is analyzed by moment tensor method. It is noted that the failure mechanism between this kind of collapse and immediate strain-structure rockburst is similar. However, the proportion of shear and mixed fracture for collapse is higher than immediate strain-structure rockburst. It due to the rich structure planes in collapse zone.

This article mainly introduces parameter design principle of pure electric vehicle power train. The model of a pure electric vehicle is established in CRUISE. Given motor system and battery system, vehicle performance on various transmission ratio was analyzed and the optimal ratio of transmission was determined. Dynamic performances and driving range of the vehicle was tested, which indicate that the error is smaller than 5% between calculated results and test datum. The rationality of established model is verified. The vehicle driving system meet the research targets, which has good dynamic performance and driving range.

It is a kind of effective way to study blasting to joint rock mass using the finite element method, in which the key is algorithm and model building. Comparing the relationship of explosive and blasting structure simulated by adopting Lagrange method and ALE method, the paper considers that Lagrange method is more close to practice, and could finish numerical simulation analysis of the intact rock blasting.

This study reported the feasibility of adsorption of heavy metals using dry garlic stem, an environmentally-friendly and natural adsorbent．Using batch adsorption technique, the efficiency of the adsorbent was studied under different experimental conditions by varying parameters such as pH, initial concentration and contact time. The results show that at pH 2.03, adsorption temperature 35℃, the adsorption time 90 min and the amount of garlic stem 1.0 g, Pb2+ have the maximum adsorption capacity. The maximum adsorption capacity of the Pb2+ on garlic stem is 28.42 mg/g and the adsorption rate is 94.74%. At pH 4.05, the adsorption time 120 min and the amount of garlic stem 1.0, Cu2+ have the maximum adsorption at the same temperature. The maximum adsorption of the Cu2+ is 20.90 mg/g and the adsorption rate is 69.75%. The dry garlic stem was found to be efficient in removing lead and copper from aqueous solution as compared to other adsorbents already used for the removal of these ions.

In the smooth blasting of the tunnel, many studies indicate that the effects of joints on blasting are over than the nature of the rock itself. By analyzing the effects of joints on the strength of blasting rock, the rock surge impedance and the stress propagation, six kinds of effects of joints on blasting rock are summarized. Through the actual blasting engineering, the phenomenon of over-under break which is produced by joints is discussed. Meanwhile, the blasting effectiveness is analyzed.

Different charge structure has an important influence on explosive energy efficiency and rock blasting effect. On the basis of Misses strength theory, using ANSYS/LS-DYNA to simulate the integrated rock blasting effects under different charge structure conditions, including continuous coupling charge, continuous decoupling charge and interval charge. And the effective stress-time curves of typical elements are compared to analysis. The results show that air as a decoupling medium plays a good buffer function, which is an ideal charge form. And interval charge has a better effect to buffer the pore wall peak pressure, thus reducing the destruction around the blast holes.

Infinite loops and redundant computations are long recognized open problems in Prolog. Two methods have been explored to resolve these problems: loop checking and tabling. Loop checking can cut infinite loops, but it cannot be both sound and complete even for function-free logic programs. Tabling seems to be an effective way to resolve infinite loops and redundant computations. However, existing tabulated resolutions, such as OLDT-resolution, SLG-resolution and Tabulated SLS-resolution, are non-linear because they rely on the solution-lookup mode in formulating tabling. The principal disadvantage of non-linear resolutions is that they cannot be implemented using a simple stack-based memory structure like that in Prolog. Moreover, some strictly sequential operators such as cuts may not be handled as easily as in Prolog. In this paper, we propose a hybrid method to resolve infinite loops and redundant computations. We combine the ideas of loop checking and tabling to establish a linear tabulated resolution called TP-resolution. TP-resolution has two distinctive features: (1) it makes linear tabulated derivations in the same way as Prolog except that infinite loops are broken and redundant computations are reduced. It handles cuts as effectively as Prolog; and (2) it is sound and complete for positive logic programs with the bounded-term-size property. The underlying algorithm can be implemented by an extension to any existing Prolog abstract machines such as WAM or ATOAM.

Backtracking in the WAM may be very expensive for some kinds of programs due to the WAM's simple scheme for indexing clauses. Several compilation algorithms have been proposed for constructing sophisticated indexing code. However, these algorithms have the drawback that they may generate exponential size code for some kinds of programs. This paper presents a Prolog compiler for the TOAM (matching Tree Oriented Abstract Machine). The compiler generates code for a program that is at most linear in the size of the program. It adopts a simple algorithm for detecting the exclusiveness among clauses and the determinacy of predicates. For those predicates that are detected to be determinate, the generated code does not create any choice point. The compiler also optimizes shallow backtracking in the sense that it treats a failure caused by a test as a jump. In addition, the compiler classifies cuts into commit, shallow, and deep cuts, and optimizes the code for commit and shallow cuts. Empirical results show that these optimizations can improve the performance of compiled code significantly.