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Atherosclerosis (AS) is characterized by the accumulation of lipids within the walls of coronary arteries, leading to arterial narrowing and hardening. It serves as the primary etiology and pathological basis for cardiovascular diseases affecting the heart and brain. However, conventional pharmacotherapy is constrained by inadequate drug delivery and pronounced toxic side effects. Moreover, the inefficacy of nanomedicine delivery systems in controlling disease progression may be attributed to nonspecific clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte system. Thus, a biomimetic platform spontaneously enveloped by red blood cell membrane is exploited for anti-atherosclerosis applications, offering favorable biocompatibility. The CLIKKPF polypeptide is introduced to develop red blood cell membrane spontaneously encapsulated nanotherapeutics only through simple coincubation. Given the functional modifications, RBC@P-LVTNPs is beneficial to facilitate the target drug delivery to the atherosclerotic lesion, responding precisely to the pathological ROS accumulation, thereby accelerating the on-demand drug release. Both in vivoand in vitroresults also confirm the significant therapeutic efficacy and favorable biocompatibility of the biomimetic nanomedicine delivery system, thus providing a promising candidate for nanotherapeutics against AS.

High-pressure die casting (HPDC) is one of the most popular mass production processes in the automotive industry owing to its capability for part consolidation. However, the nonuniform distribution of mechanical properties in large-sized HPDC products adds complexity to part property evaluation. Therefore, a methodology for property prediction must be developed. Material characterization, simulation technologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms were employed. Firstly, an image recognition technique was employed to construct a temperature-microstructure characteristic model for a typical HPDC Al7Si0.2Mg alloy. Moreover, a porosity/microstructure-mechanical property model was established using a machine learning method based on the finite element method and representative volume element model results. Additionally, the computational results of the casting simulation software were mapped with the porosity/microstructure-mechanical property model, allowing accurate prediction of the property distribution of the HPDC Al-Si alloy. The AI-enabled property distribution model developed in this study is expected to serve as a foundation for intelligent HPDC part design platforms in the automotive industry.

Recently, near-field communications (NFCs) have drawn great attention for the near-field region expansion in the context of extremely large-scale (XL) antenna arrays, tremendously high frequencies, and new types of antennas trends. Considering the distinctive spherical wave propagation model in NFC, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, such as channel modelling and estimation as well as hybrid beamforming technologies, have recently undergone reevaluation and redesign. Concurrently, as the NFC range continues to broaden, ensuring physical layer security (PLS) has emerged as an equally urgent concern, necessitating immediate attention and resolution. Therefore, in this contribution, we propose a single-user (SU) multiple-input single-output (MISO) near-field directional modulation (NFDM) system toward secure transmissions at both angular and distance scales. Furthermore, considering the hardware cost associated with XL arrays, a fully analog secure precoding algorithm integrated beamforming with artificial noise (AN) as well as power allocation is devised under the modulus-1 constraint of the phase shifters. Finally, simulation results indicate that the proposed NFDM scheme is capable of guaranteeing security at both angular and distance scales compared with its conventional far-field counterpart.

We report that constructed Au nanoclusters (NCs) can afford amazing white emission synergistically dictated by the Au(0)-dominated core-state fluorescence and Au(I)-governed surface-state phosphorescence, with record-high absolute quantum yields of 42.1% and 53.6% in the aqueous solution and powder state, respectively. Moreover, the dynamic color tuning is achieved in a wide warm-to-cold white-light range (with the correlated color temperature varied from 3426 to 24 973 K) by elaborately manipulating the ratio of Au(0) to Au(I) species and thus the electron transfer rate from staple motif to metal kernel. This study not only exemplifies the successful integration of multiple luminescent centers into metal NCs to accomplish efficient white-light emission but also inspires a feasible pathway toward customizing the optical properties of metal NCs by regulating electron transfer kinetics.

Owing to the separation of field-effect transistor (FET) devices from sensing environments, extended-gate FET (EGFET) biosensor features high stability and low cost. Herein, a highly sensitive EGFET biosensor based on a GaN micropillar array and polycrystalline layer (GMP) was fabricated, which was prepared by using simple one-step low-temperature MOCVD growth. In order to improve the sensitivity and detection limit of EGFET biosensor, the surface area and the electrical conductivity of extended-gate electrode can be increased by the micropillar array and the polycrystalline layer, respectively. The designed GMP-EGFET biosensor was modified with l-cysteine and applied for Hg2+detection with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 ng/L, a high sensitivity of −16.3 mV/lg(μg/L) and a wide linear range (1 ng/L-24.5 μg/L). In addition, the detection of Hg2+in human urine was realized with an LOD of 10 ng/L, which was more than 30 times lower than that of reported sensors. To our knowledge, it is the first time that GMP was used as extended-gate of EGFET biosensor.

The electronic properties of 2D materials are highly influenced by the molecular activity at their interfaces. A method was proposed to address this issue by employing passivation techniques using monolayer MoS2field-effect transistors (FETs) while preserving high performance. Herein, we have used alkali metal fluorides as dielectric capping layers, including lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), and potassium fluoride (KF) dielectric capping layers, to mitigate the environmental impact of oxygen and water exposure. Among them, the LiF dielectric capping layer significantly improved the transistor performance, specifically in terms of enhanced field effect mobility from 74 to 137 cm2/V·s, increased current density from 17 μA/μm to 32.13 μA/μm at a drain voltage of Vdof 1 V, and decreased subthreshold swing to 0.8 V/dec The results have been analytically verified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman, and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, and the demonstrated technique can be extended to other transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD)-based FETs, which can become a prospect for cutting-edge electronic applications. These findings highlight certain important trade-offs and provide insight into the significance of interface control and passivation material choice on the electrical stability, performance, and enhancement of the MoS2FET.

A series of nitrogen-bridged BODIPY oligomers were synthesized via nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) as a convenient approach. Further transformations achieved novel α,α-aryl BODIPY dimers as well as a BODIPY hexamer efficiently. These BODIPY oligomers showed good photophysical properties, such as apparent absorption and emission both in visible and near-infrared regions. Interestingly, the high air and photothermal stability, strong NIR absorption, and high photothermal conversion rates of hexamer B6suggest potential applications in photothermal therapy.

The large Mo isotopic fractionations between diferent geological reservoirs make this isotopic system a potentially useful tool for constraining the origins of magmatism. However, the efect of magmatic diferentiation on Mo isotopes is still controversial. In this study, we obtained Mo isotope data for the Panzhihua gabbroic intrusion (i.e., including mineral separates of clinopyroxene, plagioclase, magnetite, and ilmenite). The whole-rock samples and mineral separates exhibit large Mo isotopic fractionations with δ98/95Mo values as follows: magnetite (–0.73‰ to –0.32‰) < clinopyroxene (–0.32‰ to –0.10‰) < ilmenite (0.06‰ to 0.36‰) < plagioclase (0.33‰ to 0.83‰). Iron-Ti oxides have Mo contents that are one order of magnitude higher than those of clinopyroxene and plagioclase. Mass balance calculations based on Mo isotopes and contents are consistent with an accumulated origin for the Panzhihua intrusion. Rayleigh fractionation modeling shows that the removal of magnetite and ilmenite results in significant Mo isotopic fractionation in the residual magma. Due to the low Mo contents of clinopyroxene and plagioclase, Mo isotopes are not significantly fractionated by the removal of these minerals. Therefore, our study highlights that fractionation of Fe-Ti oxides can cause considerable Mo isotopic fractionation; consequently, caution is needed when using Mo isotopes to infer magma origins.

Single-chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) are an emerging new nanomaterial with promising potential for exhibiting compactly collapsed globular nanostructures and associated functions, like proteins. However, the state-of-the-art synthesis approaches often result in SCNPs with diverse morphologies and loosely packed characteristics, even with an ample presence of cross-linkers, resembling sparse structures found in intrinsically disordered proteins. Herein, we present a facile strategy to fabricate protein-like compact SCNP globules using a low content of solvophilic photoreactive agents in a single-component poor solvent via flow photochemistry. Photoreactive agents in our system serve a dual purpose: acting as stabilizing agents that decorate the surface of the precollapsed precursor globules in the poor solvent and cross-linking with neighboring segments in situ upon UV irradiation on the globule surfaces. These cross-linked globules become effectively locked and remain stable when transferred into a good solvent. Computer simulations demonstrate that surface cross-linking reactions primarily occur between cross-linkers and neighboring monomers positioned at long contour distances along the chain backbone. This mechanism locks up the precollapsed protein-like SCNP globules with high efficiency; an extremely low cross-linker content of 1.6 mol % can result in an obvious reduction in molecular size. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements also confirm the formation of compactly collapsed globule structures. Moreover, by varying the UV irradiation time, the degree of collapse in the SCNPs can be precisely controlled. The residual cross-linkers on the surface render the formed SCNPs reactive, thus allowing for further polymerization into hierarchical multifunctional self-assembly structures.

A Rh-catalyzed two-fold, regioselective and enantioselective C–H activation via chiral transient directing group strategy has been demonstrated in moderate to good yields with commendable enantioselectivities. The newly synthesized chiral fluorophores exhibit favorable photophysical properties, including large Stokes shifts, good fluorescence quantum yields, aggregation-induced emission in aqueous solution, and intense emission and circularly polarized luminescence in the solid state, indicating great potential applications as chiral fluorescent probes or optoelectronic materials.

Lanthanide-based nanomaterials have been extensively studied, owing to their unique optical properties. Strong electron coupling intensely affects the optical properties, as a kind of interaction between the metal luminescence centers, which usually depend on the otherness in valence states and/or spin states of metal ions. Herein, we presented that the strong electron coupling between trivalent lanthanide ions (LnIII) existed in molecular cluster-aggregates (MCAs) beyond the general consideration in valence and/or spin states. We synthesized a series of lanthanide-based MCAs with the generalized formula [Ln20(chp)30(CO3)12(NO3)6(H2O)6]({Ln20}). By comparing and analyzing the characteristics of homometallic and heterometallic {Ln20}MCAs, we found a regular and controlled phenomenon of metal-to-metal charge transfer (MMCT) which is a typical expression of strong electron coupling. This observation can be attributed to the shorter spacing between metals inside the polynuclear nanosized core of MCAs, indicating that MCAs are an excellent matrix material to study the effects of intermetallic interactions of LnIII, thus tailoring even customization in their luminescence performance.

The microstructure of polymer chains plays a critical role in determining the performance of polymeric materials. Various studies have demonstrated that aside from the overall copolymer composition, the distribution of monomers along the polymer chains is a crucial microstructural factor in controlling the morphologies of the polymer chains. Gradient copolymers, which possess a gradual change in composition along the chain backbone, can exhibit diverse monomer sequence distributions due to variations in compositions. In this study, we conducted a computational investigation using coarse-grained models to systematically assess the effect of the monomer sequence distribution on the microphase separation morphologies and mechanical properties of the as-formed materials. Our findings indicated that systems with different monomer sequence distributions display distinct microphase separation morphologies characterized by effective Flory parameter χeffand microphase separation domain sizes. Additionally, we found that it is possible to modify the monomer sequence distributions to adjust the glass transition temperature (Tg) and the divergence of Tg. Moreover, our research revealed that the unique arrangement of gradient copolymers results in a hierarchical response during tensile deformation process. Specifically, under small strains, the soft segments with a low Tgrespond initially, while the hard domains with a high Tgcome into play under larger strains. The systematic understanding of the relationship between copolymer composition, structure, and properties will facilitate the design of application-oriented polymer materials, enabling the synthesis of more tailored materials for specific applications.

Terahertz (THz) plasmonic resonance, particularly on artificially designed metasurfaces, has garnered considerable attention for enhancing the identification of biomolecules. However, the narrow-band response of these resonances hinders the comprehensive analysis of sample characteristic fingerprints, leading to false-positive results. Here, we developed a multifunctional THz plasmonic biosensor based on a broad-spectrum multi-Fano resonance capable of noninvasive and ultrasensitive detection of trace biological molecular particles, facilitating the differentiation and compositional analysis of two crucial neurotransmitters. The designed metasensor incorporates a multiresonator metasurface consisting of microantenna arrays to provide up to a remarkable 70-fold enhancement in near-field intensity across multiple spectral bands and demonstrate an exceptional sensitivity of 534 GHz per refractive index unit (RIU). Further investigations illustrate that the location and quantity of the resonant eigenpeaks can be arbitrarily adjusted by turning the structural parameters of the unit cell. Utilizing the advanced capabilities of the designed metasurface, we innovatively achieved synchronized qualitative and quantitative analysis of L-glutamic acid (Glu) while further conducting proportional analysis of a mixture of Glu and $\gamma $ -aminobutyric acid (GABA). This endeavor naturally enriches the research on THz metasensors based on multiresonance, sparking exploration into novel approaches for identifying biomolecules and paving the way for sensitive and versatile small-scale THz spectroscopic devices.

Refractory wounds are a severe complication of diabetes mellitus that often leads to amputation because of the lack of effective treatments and therapeutic targets. The pathogenesis of refractory wounds is complex, involving many types of cells. Rho-associated protein kinase-1 (ROCK1) phosphorylates a series of substrates that trigger downstream signaling pathways, affecting multiple cellular processes, including cell migration, communication, and proliferation. The present study investigated the role of ROCK1 in diabetic wound healing and molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that ROCK1 expression significantly increased in wound granulation tissues in diabetic patients, streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice, and db/dbdiabetic mice. Wound healing and blood perfusion were dose-dependently improved by the ROCK1 inhibitor fasudil in diabetic mice. In endothelial cells, fasudil and ROCK1 siRNA significantly elevated the phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase at Thr172 (pThr172-AMPKα), the activity of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and suppressed the levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) and nitrotyrosine formation. Experiments using integrated bioinformatics analysis and coimmunoprecipitation established that ROCK1 inhibited pThr172-AMPKα by binding to receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 4 (RIPK4). These results suggest that fasudil accelerated wound repair and improved angiogenesis at least partially through the ROCK1/RIPK4/AMPK pathway. Fasudil may be a potential treatment for refractory wounds in diabetic patients.

This paper provides a brief introduction of the current state of quantum radar (QR) technology development, focusing on the experimental methods used for modifying QR in a laboratory setting. We delve into the foundational principles of quantum electrodynamics and consider interferometric aspects. Quantum radar systems, empowered by quantum measurements, extend their capabilities beyond conventional target detection and recognition, encompassing the detection and identification of RF stealth platforms and advanced weapons systems. Quantum technology is gaining paramount significance in various research domains, with the emergence of the concept of quantum radar, which leverages the quantum states of photons to extract information from distant targets. The mechanism involves dispatching photons, or photon clusters, toward the target, whereupon they are absorbed and subsequently re-emitted. The crucial measurement process can be executed in two distinct manners. One approach entails an interferometric measurement, often referred to as phase measurement, conducted on the photons, while the alternative method involves the straightforward quantification of returning photons. These methods are respectively known as Interferometric QR and Quantum Illumination (QI). In both approaches, one can opt to employ stationary quantum states of photons or harness entangled states. Extensive research has demonstrated that the use of entangled states yields the most significant resolution enhancement, achieving optimal results under ideal conditions. Quantum states offer a substantial advantage by virtue of their inherent correlations, referred to as quantum correlations, which augment both resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the radar system. This paper explores the intricacies of these advancements in quantum radar technology, shedding light on the underlying principles and experimental methodologies.

For revealing the effects of gas components on the plasma jet characteristics, the corresponding jet characteristics of a home-made thermal plasma torch working with various gas components were experimentally studied by using the orthogonal test method. The experimental results showed that: 1) When nitrogen (N2) is defined as the main working gas, the arc voltage, working power, thermal efficiency, and mean specific enthalpy all decrease with increasing argon (Ar). With the increase of helium (He), the mean specific enthalpy first decreases and then increases, while other three jet characteristics decrease. With the increase of hydrogen (H2), the arc voltage and working power increase, while the thermal efficiency and mean specific enthalpy decrease. 2) When Ar is defined as the main working gas, the mentioned four jet characteristics all increase with N2. With the increase of He, the thermal efficiency decreases, while other three jet characteristics increase. With the increase of H2, the arc voltage and working power increases, while the mean specific enthalpy varies little and the thermal efficiency decreases. 3) Besides, the gas volume percentage of the gas component is the uppermost influence factor of the jet characteristics.

The surface modification of 3D printed Ti6Al4V (3D-Ti64) and rolled Ti6Al4V (RO-Ti64) was carried out using optimized micro-arc oxidation (MAO) and hydrothermal (HT) treatment processes. The results showed that the 3D-Ti64 coating had a typical porous structure that was identical to the phase composition of the RO-Ti64 coating, and both exhibited super hydrophilic properties (contact angle of 0°). It was found that the 3D-Ti64 coating (1.40 × 10−7A/cm2, 39.38 MPa) had greater corrosion current density and adhesion strength compared to the RO-Ti64 coating (0.76 × 10−7A/cm2, 33.69 MPa). In addition, the HAP crystals formed by 3D-Ti64 and RO-Ti64 coatings after being cultured in SBF were not significantly different, indicating that both coatings had comparable in vitro bioactivity. However, the 3D-printed porous Ti64 coating formed a porous structure only around the edges, while the central region had a flocculent structure with unfinished electrolytic oxidation. Moreover, it was found that more HAP crystals were formed in the edge region after HT treatment. In short, the MAO and HT treatment parameters optimized on rolled Ti alloys can be inherited for continued use on 3D-printed Ti alloy solids. However, more considerations may need to be made for the 3D printing of porous Ti alloys.

By taking advantage of their strong absorption ability, visible-light-induced direct photoamination of BODIPY dyes with aqueous ammonia was developed to give structurally diverse α-amino BODIPYs. The excited state of BODIPYs possessed higher electron affinity than the ground state and thus showed largely enhanced reactivity toward weak nucleophile of ammonia. Those α-amino BODIPYs are valuable synthetic intermediates and have been successfully demonstrated in several post-transformation reactions. The work indicates that photoreaction is an excellent alternative to conventional functionalization of this popular fluorophore.

Silkworm is an important economic insect in China, but very vulnerable to infection by a variety of pathogens in the process of breeding. Among them, the parasitism of Nosema bombycis can cause pebrine disease of silkworm (PDS), seriously endanger the production of silkworm seeds, and lead to huge economic losses. Timely detection of N. bombycis is an effective measure to prevent the outbreak of PDS in the early stage of infection, so a rapid and accurate detection technology suitable for on-site detection of N. bombycis is very important. In order to break through the application limitations of the existing detection technology for N. bombycis, in this study, combining Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) technology and CRISPR/Cas12a system, by optimizing the key components concentration, we successfully established a rapid visual detection technology for N. bombycis including CRISPR/Cas12a fluorescence detection and CRISPR/Cas12a immunochromatographic detection. Compared with the traditional nucleic acid detection technology, the detection sensitivity of this technology was up to 2 copies/μL, the detection limit of N. bombycis genome was 2 fg/μL, and can detect as low as 100 microsporidia added in 100 healthy silkworm eggs, showing high sensitivity. By detecting silkworm tissues infected with different pathogens, we demonstrated that CRISPR/Cas12a detection technology has good specificity. The accuracy rate of the actual sample is 100%. The technology has the advantage of rapidness, accuracy, visualization, low cost, low equipment requirements and simple operation, and is suitable for the on-site detection of N. bombycis.

Owing to inherent signal amplification, solution-gated transistor biosensor (SGTB) features high sensitivity. Herein, an SGTB based on polycrystalline SnO2 thin film (PSTF) was fabricated, which was obtained by thermal oxidizing of Sn layer. In order to realize high sensitivity and low operating voltage of SGTB, the field-effect mobility ( $\mu _{\text {FE}}$ ) and electrical conductivity of PSTF can be tuned by changing the oxidation temperature and related grain size. Without doping, a high $\mu _{\text {FE}}$ (418.8 cm2/ $\text{V}\cdot \text{s}$ ) and a moderate conductivity ( $\sim $ 3.5 S/cm) of PSTF were realized with an optimum grain size of $\sim $ 23 nm. The L-cysteine (L-Cys) modified SGTB was applied to detect Hg $^{{2}+}$ in water with a low detection limit (4 nM), a wide linear range (4 nM– $7.4 \mu \text{M}$ ), a high sensitivity (0.46 lg $\mu \text{A}$ /lg $\mu \text{M}$ ), as well as a low operating voltage (0.5 V). The detection limit can meet the requirement of WHO for drinking water (5 nM).