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Higher running speed and more complex operating circumstances are the development trends for future high-speed trains. Due to these two key features, robust anti-slip control system and powerful traction/braking capability are necessary. This paper presents a new methodology to achieve maximum wheel-rail adhesion and reinforce traction/braking capacity based on wheel-rail contact condition recognition, sliding mode control, and the assistance of electromagnetic actuators. The proposed anti-slip strategy is implemented in a three-dimensional high-speed train-track coupled dynamics model. Effects of the control strategy on the traction/braking performance and the wheel-rail dynamic interactions of high-speed trains under complex contact conditions are simulated and discussed. The influence of electromagnetic actuators on wheel surface wear and rail deformation is also investigated. It is shown that the combination of electromagnetic actuator and sliding mode algorithm derived anti-slip control have a significant synergy effect on wheel-rail interactions and adhesion performance. Compared with the traditional anti-slip control methods, the proposed control strategy can effectively improve the traction/braking performance of high-speed trains with acceptable side effects on wheel surface wear and rail deformation.

A robust constraint-following control (CFC) scheme is proposed for active suspension system to improve ride comfort of high-speed trains (HSTs) by employing nonlinear stiffness of bio-inspired structure (BIS). The control problem of driving active suspension system to emulate nonlinear dynamics of BIS is formulated as servo constraint-following. The disturbance observer is theoretically integrated into CFC framework to address critical practical issues, including parameter uncertainty, suspension nonlinearity and aerodynamic disturbance. The complex uncertainty decomposition and uncertainty bound function design can be avoided in the control design compared with past adaptive CFC. Lyapunov stability theory is applied to prove the uniform ultimate boundedness of proposed robust CFC, enabling the constraint-following error to converge to a very small range. The simulation results demonstrate that the active suspension system could exactly follow the servo constraints of reference BIS with high constraint-following accuracy regardless of parameter uncertainty and external disturbance. And the active suspension system can effectively suppress the vibration and improve the ride comfort steadily with random structure parameters and strong aerodynamic loads. This study also provides a new insight and an alternative approach for designing robust CFC in the active suspension of HSTs.

New electron-donating materials are crucial for developing efficient exciplex emitters and host matrices in simplified phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with low driving voltage, high efficiency, and minimal efficiency roll-off. Herein, a spiro backbone with a highly sterically rigid structure and orthogonal configuration was attached to the commonly used 9H-carbazole (Cz) via para-linking, resulting in a new electron-donating material 9-(9, $9'$ -spirobi[fluoren]-2-yl)- 9H-Cz (SBF-Cz). The influence of the donor strength on the photophysical, electrochemical, and electroluminescent performances was studied. SBF-Cz exhibits a high T1 level, a shallow highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level, and excellent thermal properties. Utilizing these properties, a simplified blue organic light-emitting diode (OLED) using SBF-Cz:2,4,6-Tris[3-(diphenylphosphinyl)phenyl]-1,3,5-triazine (PO-T2T) as the emitter achieves an EL emission peak at 476 nm and a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 11.2%. Furthermore, the spiro-type exciplex as a universal host was systematically investigated in blue, green, and red PhOLEDs. Notably, the EQEmax of blue, green, and red PhOLEDs using the spiro-type exciplex as host improved by 6.8%, 23.8%, and 11.1%, respectively, compared to the conventional host mCP. Additionally, the blue, green, and red PhOLEDs exhibit lower EQE roll-off of 8.7%, 8.1%, and 1.2% at a brightness of 1000 cd $\cdot $ m-2 compared to the reference devices. This work underscores the significance of the spiro-type donor in developing new blue exciplexes and host matrices for OLEDs.

A static random-access memory (SRAM)-based computing-in-memory (CiM) is a promising architecture for efficiently performing high-precision integer (INT) multiplication and accumulation (MAC) operations. In this work, we propose a charge-domain bit-level-sparsity-aware analog CiM (ACiM) macro for an area-energy-efficient convolutional neural network (CNN). An 11T1C ACiM bit-cell is proposed to dynamically remove the computation capacitors during the accumulation phase based on the weight value (W) for improving the partial sums and analog computing accuracy margin (ACAM). The computation voltage is dynamically adjusted according to column-wise sparsity by the bit-level-sparsity-aware controller to improve energy efficiency. To digitize the MAC computing results, a 2-8bit column-parallel time-interleaved hybrid analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is designed by sharing the voltage reference generator, which achieves a low unit pitch size. A $256\times 64~11$ T1C ACiM macro prototype with hybrid ADCs is implemented using 55nm CMOS process. The silicon measurement results show that the proposed ACiM achieves a throughput of 51.2-153.6 GOPS, core area efficiency reaching 112-336GOPS/mm2, and energy efficiency ranging from 17 to 111 TOPS/W with 8bit weights and 8bit inputs.

The failure of thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) during service is a critical issue affecting aeroengine efficiency. In this study, electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) TBCs were subjected to thermal cycling at 1100 °C. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was employed to characterize the relationship between the evolution of characteristic frequency and the number of thermal cycles, along with the development of stress in the ceramic layer. In situ tensile test revealed a linear correlation between the characteristic frequency and micro strain derived from THz-TDS data, with a proportional coefficient of −9.94 between the characteristic frequency and the slope of the refractive index curve. The results show that the stress evolution can be effectively monitored by recording the trend of characteristic frequency. During the non-failure stage, the characteristic frequency followed a parabolic trend as thermal cycles increased, influenced by the growth of thermally grown oxide (TGO), ceramic layer sintering, and thermal mismatch. Approaching the failure stage, stress evolution was dominated by the expansion of vertical cracks in the ceramic layer and the widening of transverse cracks at the interface, which corresponded to a sudden change in the characteristic frequency.

Towards increasingly severe worldwide pollution of industrial solid waste red mud (RM) released from aluminum industry, constitutional valuable element Al has been successfully separated for a novel mild rotating hydrothermal synthesis (150 °C, 12 h, 5 Hz) of the uniform hierarchical porous flowerlike boehmite (γ-AlOOH) microspheres in the presence of appropriate urea, which exhibit distinctly small average diameter (1.52 μm) and narrow particle size distribution (PSD: 1.12–1.97 μm), as well as high specific surface area (129.37 m2 g−1). On the one hand, the rotating hydrothermal synthesis promotes the mass and heat transfer, enabling γ-AlOOH microspheres at a lower temperature within a shorter time. On the other hand, moderate rotation provides predominant shear force, rendering the uniform γ-AlOOH microspheres with small average diameter and narrow PSD. The optimal AlOOH–U2M-R5Hz microspheres demonstrate satisfactory adsorption performance for Congo Red (CR) and Methyl Blue (MB), with the maximum adsorption capacities of 602.4 and 1208.7 mg g−1, respectively. Various isotherm models of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich are utilized, adsorption kinetics are analyzed, adsorption mechanism is uncovered based on hydrogen bonding and electrostatic attraction. The increase in the temperature or the presence of coexisting cations facilitates the adsorption of CR, whereas coexisting anions weaken the adsorption of CR on the AlOOH–U2M-R5Hz microspheres. Furthermore, the excellent recycling performances and especially dynamic adsorption (retainment of removal efficiency of approx. 99.0% within 1000 min) as well as authentic water bodies (e.g. tap water and river water) simulated wastewater treatment undoubtedly indicate great practical applications of the AlOOH–U2M-R5Hz microspheres, towards cleaner aluminum production and cost-effective sustainable solution to anionic dye-bearing wastewater.

A series of Dy3+/Eu3+single doped and co-doped SrLaAlO4phosphors was synthesized by the traditional high-temperature solid-state method, and their structure, morphology and optical properties were characterized. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) shows a small amount of doping with Dy3+and Eu3+does not change the crystal structure of the matrix SrLaAlO4and the best synthesis temperature is 1450 °C. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicates the particle size directly ranges from 1 to 5 μm roughly and the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) patterns show that SrLaAlO4: Dy3+phosphor and SrLaAlO4: Dy3+, Eu3+phosphor were successfully synthesized. SrLaAlO4: Dy3+phosphor can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet light, producing two strong emission lights at 483 nm (blue light) and 579 nm (yellow light), presenting a cold white light; SrLaAlO4: Eu3+phosphor can be effectively excited by near-ultraviolet light, producing red lights at 622 nm; the characteristic emission peaks of Dy3+and Eu3+can be shown simultaneously under the same excitation wavelength in SrLaAlO4: Dy3+, Eu3+phosphor. By changing the relative doping concentration ratio of Dy3+and Eu3+, the modulation of SrLaAlO4: Dy3+, Eu3+phosphor from cold white to warm white light can be achieved. In addition, the study of the luminescent mechanism and lifetime shows that there is energy transfer between Dy3+and Eu3+in SrLaAlO4: Dy3+, Eu3+phosphor.

Although high-performance quantum-dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) have been achieved, their stability is still limited due to the use of unstable PEDOT:PSS as the hole injection layer (HIL). Here, we developed a PEDOT:PSS-free QLED by using a binary PTAA:F4-TCNQ HIL. Because the PTAA, with a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of ∼5.20 eV, can facilitate hole injection from ITO to the hole transport layer, and the F4-TCNQ can act as the electron acceptor dopant to improve the hole density and hole mobility of PTAA, the PTAA:F4-TCNQ HIL can exhibit excellent hole injection capability. As a result, the PEDOT:PSS-free QLED can exhibit a high EQE of 24.19% and an impressive brightness of 367,200 cd/m2, which are significantly higher than those of conventional QLEDs. Moreover, due to the improvement of device performance and the removal of PEDOT:PSS, the PEDOT:PSS-free QLED can also exhibit a high T95operational lifetime of 4206 h at 1000 cd/m2and an excellent T80shelf lifetime of 207.41 h at 136400 cd/m2, which are about 1.6- and 3.3-fold those of conventional QLEDs, respectively. We believe that the demonstrated PEDOT:PSS-free QLED, with higher performance and stability, will promote the practical application of QLEDs in displays.

Fluorescence microscopy, which employs fluorescent tags to label and observe cellular structures and their dynamics, is a powerful tool for life sciences. However, due to the spectral overlap between different dyes, a limited number of structures can be separately labeled and imaged for live-cell applications. In addition, the conventional sequential channel imaging procedure is quite time consuming, as it needs to switch either different lasers or filters. Here, we propose a novel double-structure network (DBSN) that consists of multiple connected models, which can extract six distinct subcellular structures from three raw images with only two separate fluorescent labels. DBSN combines the intensity-balance model to compensate for uneven fluorescent labels for different structures and the structure-separation model to extract multiple different structures with the same fluorescent labels. Therefore, DBSN breaks the bottleneck of the existing technologies and holds immense potential applications in the field of cell biology.

Multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL) promises outstanding performance for multiintersection traffic signal control systems (TSCS), enabling intelligent administration of cities. However, the vulnerability of MARL algorithms to adversarial attacks has raised concerns about the security of TSCS. In this article, we explore the robustness of MARL-based TSCS against adversarial attacks, propose a black-box multiobject attack strategy, and assign an attack budget to ensure stealthiness. We design a dynamic threshold-based selection of critical states to minimize the cumulative reward with a limited number of attacks. In addition, we present a lightweight agnostic dynamic threshold-based defense mechanism by enhancing the worst-case performance of the policy. We formulate it as a min-max optimization problem, i.e., minimizing the quantity of training sample alterations while maximizing the cumulative discount reward of policy against the perturbed states. Extensive experiments on simulation of urban mobility (SUMO) demonstrate that the proposed attack policy can significantly reduce the performance of TSCS.

Hundred-megahertz bands are widely used in long-/short-range communications, such as satellite service and walkie-talkies. Due to the wavelength exceeding 1 m, most 100-MHz mobile antennas are long-external whips, which not only affect portability but also degrade mechanical strength. This work proposes the first foldable 100-MHz mobile antennas. Mobile terminals are mostly in the standby mode, so eliminating external antennas in the standby mode is beneficial for portability and strength. A segment of nitinol memory alloy is adhered to a flexible copper-clad laminate, constituting the foldable antenna branch. In the standby mode, the antenna is completely hidden on the side surface of the terminal under external force. In the operational mode, the release of the force allows the antenna to spring out quickly and exhibit high performance. The mechanical property of the nitinol alloy is analyzed. The proposed antenna operates at two frequencies, with the printed copper strip for 280 MHz and nitinol for 433.92 MHz. Classical donut-shaped patterns with the measured maximum gains of 1.1/1.8 dBi and out-of-roundnesses of 1.9/1.3 dB are obtained. The reflection coefficient is stable after folding 50–500 times, demonstrating robust mechanical performance and practical value. The proposed strategy offers a higher level of portability and operational convenience compared with traditional retractable solutions.

Transformer architectures have achieved state-of-the-art performance in various applications. However, deploying transformer models on resource-constrained platforms is still challenging due to its dynamic workloads, intensive computations, and substantial memory access. In this article, we propose a two-stage pipelined compute-in-memory (CIM) macro for effectively deploying and accelerating the feed-forward network (FFN) layers of transformer models. Two independent CIM arrays are designed to execute the two distinct linear projections in FFN layers, which are interconnected by co-designed analog rectified linear unit (ReLU) circuits to realize the nonlinear activation function. The analog multiply-and-add (MAC) results from the first CIM array are streamed directly to the analog ReLU circuits, and subsequently to the next CIM array for performing another linear projection. This architecture eliminates the need for analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for internal results’ staging, thereby enhancing overall macro efficiency and reducing computing latency. A proof-of-concept macro is fabricated using TSMC 65-nm process and achieves 4.096 TOPS peak throughput, 4.39 TOPS/mm2 area efficiency, and 49.83 TOPS/W energy efficiency. To map transformer models onto the proposed macro, we quantize the FFN layers of BERTMINI model under per-token granularity for activations and per-tensor granularity for weights using quantization-aware training (QAT), which exhibits excellent accuracy across multiple benchmarks.

Cobalt-based sulfides (CSs) are generally regarded as potentially valuable anode materials for sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) due to their excellent theoretical capacity and natural abundance. Nevertheless, their slow reaction kinetics and poor structural stability restrict the practical application of the materials. In this study, the dual-carbon-confined Se–CoS2@NC@C hollow nanocubes with anion doping are synthesized using ZIF-67 as the substrate by resorcin-formaldehyde (RF) encapsulation and subsequent carbonization and sulfurization/selenization. RF- and ZIF-67-derived dual-carbon skeleton hollow structures with a robust carbon skeleton and abundant internal space minimize cyclic stress, mitigate volume changes and maintain the structural integrity of the material. More importantly, Se doping increases the lattice spacing of CoS2, weakens the strength of Co–S bonds, and modulates the electronic structure around Co atoms, thereby optimizing the adsorption energy of the material. As a result, the hollow nanocubes of Se–CoS2@NC@C demonstrates excellent electrochemical performance as the anode for SIBs, delivering a high reversible capacity of 549.4 mAh g–1at 0.5 A g–1after 100 cycles and a superb rate performance (541.1 mAh g–1at 0.2  A  g–1, and 393.3 mAh g–1at 5 A g–1). This study proposes a neoteric strategy for synthesizing advanced anodes for SIBs through the synergy of anion doping engineering and dual-carbon confinement strategy.

Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) has been widely used in lung cancer treatment. However, VATS left upper lobectomy (LUL) is complex due to the intricate branching pattern of the left pulmonary artery (PA). Nevertheless, VATS right upper lobectomy can be simplified through a bronchus-first and simultaneous vessel stapling technique. In this study, the learning curve was obtained while ensuring favorable oncological outcomes using bronchus-first method for VATS LUL. First, retrospective data of 148 consecutive patients who underwent VATS LUL (bronchus-first method) for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) from March 2018 to October 2020 were analyzed. The learning curve was then assessed via cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis. Moreover, data at different stages of the learning curve, including operation time, blood loss, postoperative hospital stay, lymph node harvested, thoracotomy conversion, postoperative complications, endoscopic stapler consumptions, and 3 year overall survival, were recorded. The learning curve was best modeled as the equation: y= − 7.78 + 2.05x−2.23 × 10−2x2+ 6.43 × 10−5x3, with a good-to-fit test R2= 0.97. The surgeon entered the proficient stage (59th case–148th case) after consecutive operations of 58 cases (learning stage, 1st case–58th case). Notably, more lymph nodes were harvested in the proficient stage than in the learning stage (17.69 ± 1.47 vs. 15.53 ± 1.43, P< 0.01). Compared with the learning stage, the proficient stage was associated with shorter operation time (114.28 ± 8.56 min vs. 126.81 ± 7.30 min, P< 0.01), fewer blood loss (44.22 ± 7.75 mL vs. 57.41 ± 22.98 mL, P< 0.01), shorter postoperative hospital stay (6.02 ± 0.99 d vs. 7.22 ± 1.34 d, P < 0.01), and fewer endoscopic stapler consumptions (5.89 ± 0.64 vs. 6.53 ± 0.50, P < 0.01). However, thoracotomy conversion (4/90 vs. 5/58, P= 0.32), postoperative complications (10/90 vs. 11/58, P= 0.23) and 3 year overall survival (62.2% vs. 50.8%, log-rank test, P= 0.11) showed no significant difference between the two stages. The surgeon with former single-direction VATS lobectomy experience can master bronchus-first VATS LUL after attending to 58 cases.

Graphical abstract:

The objective of this study is to document our experience using low-profile endografts for the endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) in cases where access arteries are challenging, commonly referred to as hostile access arteries.

Aiming at the problem that commercial navigation chips cannot provide positioning in GNSS signal blocking environments, an indoor high-precision positioning system based on homologous array pseudolite was designed. By deploying pseudolite base stations in indoor environments, the existing commercial navigation terminals on the market can be transformed from “unlocatable” indoors to “locatable” without changing the hardware. An interepoch carrier phase difference positioning method based on nonlinear filtering is proposed. By introducing a pseudorange similarity estimation model, it overcomes the problems of poor pseudorange measurement accuracy and integer ambiguity solution and achieves decimeter-level positioning in indoor environments. To address the issue of divergent positioning results caused by factors, such as differences in target movement speed and carrier phase cycle slip, a Doppler frequency shift-assisted dynamic update of state transition equations and CPDD cycle slip detection method are proposed, further improving the continuity and accuracy. The positioning test results in microwave anechoic chamber and typical indoor environments show that over 85% of the positioning errors within the coverage area are less than 1 m, with an average positioning error of about 0.33 m. Compared with the more advanced Cd search and Z-KPI algorithms in this field, the positioning accuracy is improved by more than 80%.

Accurate altitude data are imperative for precise aircraft flight control, navigation planning, and air traffic management, especially in global positioning system (GPS)-denied environments. While deep learning methods offer promising solutions for altitude prediction through complex predictive models, their inherent lack of interpretability raises safety concerns, particularly in safety-critical aviation contexts. This article introduces a novel symbolic regression (SR)-based approach to altitude prediction. Initially, raw data undergo random projection (RP) to a feature space, addressing challenges associated with feature extraction in SR. Subsequently, altitude-related information is discerned from the inertial navigation system (INS) and atmospheric system (AS), employing genetic programming (GP) to formulate fully interpretable altitude prediction equations. To enhance robustness, information fusion (IF) technology integrates the prediction equations with vertical velocity, establishing a resilient virtual altitude channel. In scenarios where the GPS is entirely unavailable, our proposed method undergoes effective validation across diverse aircraft types and under various flight conditions. Furthermore, the robustness of our fusion algorithm is verified across different noise levels, underscoring its reliability in challenging conditions.

Cu-doping-induced vacancies on CeO2nanorods promote *COOH adsorption and the following protonation step, leading to the formation of *CHO, and therefore enhance the selectivity to CH4.

A composite silicone emulsion-biomass polymer paper-based barrier coating material with high barrier performance was prepared by double-layer coating, and the material was tested for oil repellency. The composition-structure-property data set of the paper-based barrier materials was constructed based on the experimental data. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) was used to construct a prediction model of the coating structure in high-temperature environments to achieve quantitative analysis of the barrier performance in high-temperature environments. The ANFIS prediction model was constructed based on two algorithms, the grid partitioning algorithm and the subtractive clustering algorithm, and the accuracy of the model determined by the two algorithms was compared for training, validation and testing of this experimental data. The results showed that the prediction model of the grid partitioning method had a better fit with the experimental data, with a root mean square error (RMSE) value of 7.00383 and a R-squared (R2) of 0.9644 between the model prediction data and the actual data.

The cyclical variations in environmental temperature generated by natural rhythms constantly impact the wastewater treatment process through the aeration system. Engineering data show that fluctuations in environmental temperature cause the reactor temperature to drop at night, resulting in increased dissolved oxygen concentration and improved effluent wastewater quality. However, the impact of natural temperature variation on wastewater treatment systems and the energy-saving potential has yet to be fully recognized. Here, we conducted a comprehensive study, using a full-scale oxic-hydrolytic and denitrification-oxic (OHO) coking wastewater treatment process as a case and developed a dynamic aeration model integrating thermodynamics and kinetics to elucidate the energy-saving mechanisms of wastewater treatment systems in response to diurnal temperature variations. Our case study results indicate that natural diurnal temperature variations can cut the energy consumption of 660,980 kWh annually (up to 30%) for the aeration unit in the OHO system. Wastewater treatment facilities located in regions with significant environmental temperature variation stand to benefit more from this energy-saving mechanism. Methods such as flow dynamic control, load shifting, and process unit editing can be fitted into the new or retrofitted wastewater treatment engineering.

Carbonyl-based negative electrodes have received considerable interest in the domain of rechargeable lithium batteries, owing to their superior feasibility in structural design, enhanced energy density, and good environmental sustainability. Among which, lithium terephthalate (LiTPA) has been intensively investigated as a negative electrode material in the past years, in light of its relatively stable discharge plateau at low potentials (ca. 1.0 V vs Li/Li+) and high specific capacity (ca. 290 mAh g–1). However, its cell performances are severely limited owing to the poor quality of the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer generated therein. Here, we report the utilization of lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) as an electrolyte salt for forming a Li-ion permeable SEI layer on the LiTPA electrode and subsequently improving the cyclability and rate performance of the LiTPA-based cells. Our results show that, differing from the reference electrolyte containing the lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6) salt, the electrochemical reductions of the FSI–anions occur prior to the lithiation processes of LiTPA electrode, which is capable of building an inorganic-rich SEI layer containing lithium fluoride (LiF) and lithium sulfate (Li2SO4). Consequently, the lithium metal (Li°)||LiTPA cell shows significantly improved cycling performance than the LiPF6-based reference cell. This work provides useful insight into the reductive processes of the FSI–anions on negative electrodes, which could spur the deployment of highly sustainable and high-energy rechargeable lithium batteries.

We introduce the FlexoSERS sensor, which is notable for its high stretchability, sensitivity, and patternability. Featuring a hierarchically oriented jellyfish-like architecture constructed from stretchable gold nanowires, this sensor provides an ultrasensitive SERS signal even under 50% strain, with an enhancement factor (EF) of 3.3 × 1010. Impressively, this heightened performance remains consistently robust across 2,500 stretch–release cycles. The integration of nanowires with 3D-printed hydrogel enables a customizable FlexoSERS sensor, facilitating localized sweat collection and detection. The FlexoSERS sensor successfully detects and quantifies uric acid (UA) in both artificial and human sweat and functions as a pH sensor with repeatability and sensitivity across a pH range of 4.2–7.8, enabling real-time sweat monitoring during exercise. In summary, the rational architectural design, scalable fabrication process, and hydrogel integration collectively position this nanowire-based FlexoSERS sensor as a highly promising platform for customizable wearable sweat diagnostics.

The newly identified type VII CRISPR–Cas candidate system uses a CRISPR RNA-guided ribonucleoprotein complex formed by Cas5 and Cas7 proteins to target RNA1. However, the RNA cleavage is executed by a dedicated Cas14 nuclease, which is distinct from the effector nucleases of the other CRISPR–Cas systems. Here we report seven cryo-electron microscopy structures of the Cas14-bound interference complex at different functional states. Cas14, a tetrameric protein in solution, is recruited to the Cas5–Cas7 complex in a target RNA-dependent manner. The N-terminal catalytic domain of Cas14 binds a stretch of the substrate RNA for cleavage, whereas the C-terminal domain is primarily responsible for tethering Cas14 to the Cas5–Cas7 complex. The biochemical cleavage assays corroborate the captured functional conformations, revealing that Cas14 binds to different sites on the Cas5–Cas7 complex to execute individual cleavage events. Notably, a plugged-in arginine of Cas7 sandwiched by a C-shaped clamp of C-terminal domain precisely modulates Cas14 binding. More interestingly, target RNA cleavage is altered by a complementary protospacer flanking sequence at the 5′ end, but not at the 3′ end. Altogether, our study elucidates critical molecular details underlying the assembly of the interference complex and substrate cleavage in the type VII CRISPR–Cas system, which may help rational engineering of the type VII CRISPR–Cas system for biotechnological applications.

The dissociation of acidic molecules within a microscopic water environment is crucial for understanding intermolecular interactions such as hydrogen bonding. This study explores the optimal configurations of HBr(H2O)n=1–7using hybrid density functional theory. According to the different mixed cluster structures, the corresponding HBr bond lengths, single-point energies, and introduced proton-transfer parameters are computed and analyzed. The findings indicate that a minimum of three water molecules is necessary for the dissociation of HBr. Subsequently, this conclusion is reinforced through the decomposition of energy components between the acid molecule and water clusters, calculation of hydrogen bonding energies, and analysis of vibrational infrared spectroscopy.

In the face of escalating global temperatures, the demand for innovative passive cooling technologies that are both low-cost and environmentally sustainable is more critical than ever. However, traditional cooling fabrics face challenges in achieving wearing comfort while maintaining breathability and durability. Herein, a novel fluffy microfibrous fabric utilizing polyolefin-elastomer and polypropylene with embedded zinc oxide nanoparticles is fabricated through melt-blown technology. The results reveal that the prepared samples demonstrate exceptional daytime radiative cooling properties that present a 12.5 °C cooling capacity under 1083 W/m2solar radiation, highlighted by their ability to reflect up to 90.8% of solar radiation and their significantly enhanced thermal emissivity. Moreover, key findings include that the samples have robust mechanical strength, high elastic performance, and excellent antifouling capabilities, alongside superior cooling performance, which will provide an opportunity to explore the development of cooling garments for outdoor environments and contribute substantially to sustainable cooling solutions.

The huge pressure of the metal bezels within Internet of Things (IoT) devices caused by massive antennas limits mobile antenna performance and further progress. Planar mobile patch antennas, which can be accommodated on IoT devices back covers that have a large available area, can relieve the bezel pressure. Based on the first two basic modes of the half-mode patch and by loading the parasitic half-mode patch using an electric/magnetic-coupling approach, each basic mode can be expanded into two modes with even- and odd-symmetrical distributions, producing four resonances and these resonances can be merged without radiation nulls. As a result, two wideband patch antennas with extremely low profiles are obtained. The widest mobile communication band of the 5G N77 [(3.3 to 4.2) GHz] is selected as the target. The designed E-/M-coupling patch antenna with the profile of 1.4 mm/1.0 mm (0.015λL/0.011λL) and with the size of 27.8 mm × 65 mm/35.2 mm × 50 mm shows the measured −6 dB impedance bandwidth of (3.14 to 4.33) GHz/(3.20 to 4.33) GHz and the minimum total efficiency of 60.3%/58.9%. As far as authors know, the proposed antennas have the lowest profile and highest antenna volume usage efficiency compared to other reported wideband patch antennas.

The interfacial failure mechanism of high-voltage NCM811 with PEO electrolyte was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and the potentiometric control strategy was proposed to improve the interfacial stability.

•The combination of attention graph convolution and stacked autoencoder could mine the spatio-temporal information from multivariate signals.•The proposed method only utilizes the normal data as training sample and carry out the anomaly detection task for new testing sample.•The combination of visual reconstruction loss and statistic health indicator could perform anomaly detection for electro-mechanical actuator.

Polysaccharide foulants play a key role in the adhesion of many fouling organisms, which may cause severe marine biofouling. However, the detailed interaction mechanism between polysaccharides and antifouling membranes is still indistinct compared with that between the fouling protein and antifouling surfaces. In this paper, a model oligosaccharide built based on the monosaccharide composition found in diatom extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was used as a model foulant to investigate its adsorption and desorption above three T4 antifouling membranes. It was found that the anionic poly(3-(methacryloyloxy)propane-1-sulfonate) (T4-SP) antifouling membrane had excellent antifouling ability with respect to the model oligosaccharide, while the oligosaccharide can be easily adsorbed on the poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (T4-DM) membrane with vdW attraction and on the zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (T4-SB) membrane with electrostatic attraction. As little is known about the details of polysaccharides’ adsorption above antifouling membranes at the molecular level, we hope this work will serve as a theoretical basis for finding more effective materials to prevent or control marine biofouling.