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Novel and covert fluorescence is quite desirable for fluorescent anticounterfeiting application. Here, Cs2InCl5·H2O/Sb and Cs2NaInCl6/Sb with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of 99.61 and 99.9%, respectively, were achieved. Considering the excellent optical performances together with the high similarity of the two crystal structures, we tried to realize the crystal structure transition from Cs2InCl5·H2O/Sb to Cs2NaInCl6/Sb by an ion-exchange method. It was well done by just adding the NaCl precursor with different concentrations in the Cs2InCl5·H2O/Sb product. Interestingly, a gradual color change from yellow to orange, warm white, white, cool white, and blue was achieved in the process of crystal structure transition. The energy-transfer dynamic models of Cs2InCl5·H2O/Sb, the white product, and Cs2NaInCl6/Sb were identified. The chemical reaction and UV fluorescence properties made it possible for application in chemical and fluorescent double-modal anticounterfeiting and highly decreased the possibility of being cracked and copied. Especially, when salt for daily cooking was used to replace NaCl, a similar phenomenon happened as that of the 99.9% NaCl precursor, which made it easy to be applicated. The combination of chemical and optical verifications provides two levels of security and unbreakable encryption. The results demonstrate that the transition from Cs2InCl5·H2O/Sb to Cs2NaInCl6/Sb is highly promising in fluorescent anticounterfeiting application.

With the development of “Industry 4.0”, artificial intelligence technology is gradually being applied in the steel industry. In actual production, there is a serious lag in viscosity measurement methods. First, this paper used big data technology to analyze and process the viscosity test data and then established prediction models based on the CatBoost model and the LSTM model, respectively, for the viscosity of the titanium-bearing slag. Finally, the information entropy method was used to integrate the results, and an integrated model was established to predict the viscosity of the titanium-bearing slag. The results showed that the integrated model had better performance than the other two single models, with a prediction accuracy of 96.04% and an improvement of 2.06–5.49% compared with the prediction accuracy of the single models. The results show that the integrated model has more practical significance in guiding production practices.

The AC copper loss of flat copper wire in axial flux permanent magnet (AFPM) motor can seriously affect the performance, so it cannot be ignored when optimizing the motor design. Accurate results can be obtained using 3-D transient field finite element (FE) to calculate AC copper loss. However, the calculation time is long, which is not conducive to the motor optimization design. In order to consider the effects of the external magnetic field, conductor arrangement mode, stator tooth-tip, skin effect, and proximity effect on AC copper loss and to balance the calculation accuracy and calculation time, the analytical calculation method and hybrid analytical calculation method are proposed. The analytical calculation method combines complex eddy current equation with the precise subdomain method, and the hybrid analytical calculation method combines three-dimensional FE with the analytical method. In order to comprehensively compare different calculation methods, the proposed methods are used to analyze the AC copper loss and motor efficiency under different conductor arrangement modes and working conditions, and the simulation verification is carried out by three-dimensional transient field. Finally, through the AC resistance experiment and prototype experiment, the accuracy of the proposed methods is verified, and the characteristics of different methods are summarized.

Model predictive current control (MPCC) is recognized to be a promising technology for multi-phase drive systems. Particularly when applied to dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motors (DT-PMSM), certain factors such as common-mode voltage (CMV), harmonic current and calculation burden need to be taken into account. Additionally, adjusting the weighting factor in the cost function poses a challenge due to the lack of a theoretical basis. Addressing these challenges, this paper proposes a MPCC method for DT-PMSM with CMV suppression. In this proposed method, the virtual voltage vectors (V3s) and equivalent zero V3s are synthesized using large voltage vectors that have small CMVs. Notably, the average voltage of V3s and equivalent zero V3s in the x–y subspace is zero. Consequently, the elimination of the weighting factor of the harmonic current term in the cost function becomes achievable. Furthermore, a method for optimal voltage vector selection is introduced, simplifying the process of candidate voltage vectors and circumventing the traversal prediction calculation process. The proposed method can effectively reduce the harmonic current, limit the peak-to-peak value of the CMV to 1/3 of the inverter DC bus voltage, and relieve the calculation burden. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparison with existing traditional MPCC methods.

Miscalibration of phase shift in digital speckle pattern interferometry results in significant measurement errors. We propose an in situ phase shift calibration method that is used in speckle pattern interferometry based on fringe skeleton. No additional devices are required during the calibration, making the method is easy to perform. Good calibration results are obtained even if the phase fringes are irregular, which shows the wide adaptability of this method. Experimental results show that the phase error after the calibration is less than 0.08 rad, which satisfies most practical engineering measurement needs.

Aiming at the problems of large harmonic current, unfixed switching frequency and heavy calculation burden in the model predictive current control (MPCC) methods of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor (DT-PMSM). This article presents a computationally efficient MPCC method with a fixed switching frequency. Firstly, the virtual voltage vectors (V3s) are synthesized by two large vectors and two medium-small vectors. The V3s effectively reduce the harmonic currents, and the goal of the synthetic V3 is that the harmonic current in the x-y subspace is zero. Therefore, the weighting factor of the harmonic term is eliminated in the cost function. Secondly, an optimal voltage vector selection method is designed to reduce the candidate voltage vectors in the control set and relieves the calculation burden. In addition, to further reduce ripple current and torque ripple, the duty cycle modulation method is introduced to calculate the dwell time of the V3. The zero vector is inserted in the middle and both sides of the V3s to achieve the purpose of fixing the switching frequency. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experiments.

The innovation capability largely determines the initiative for future development of a region. Higher school is the main position for training innovative talents. Accurate and comprehensive assessment of innovation cultivation capability is an important basis of higher schools for continuous improvement. Thus, this paper focuses on assessing innovative talent cultivation capability. First, by CIPP model (Context, Input, Process and Product Evaluation), an assessment indicator system is built, consisting of 89 indicators in 21 categories. Then, based on indicator characteristics, this paper uses public data statistics, database retrieving, student survey, teacher survey, support personnel and expert investigation, to collect indicator values. After this, by a powerful machine learning algorithm, gradient Boosting regression tree, a capability assessment model is established. And based on collected data, established model is compared with several regression models in innovative talent cultivation capability assessing. Results confirm the performance superiority of our solution.

ABSTRACTIn the long process of iron and steel, the sintering process has the largest amount of flue gas emissions, many types of pollutants and high concentrations. The source control of SO2and NOx in sintering flue gas through digital technology has become a new emission reduction technology. In this study, the BP neural network model (BP-NN) is optimized by using the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to form the PSO-BPNN model, which effectively improves the characteristics of BP-NN with slow convergence speed and easily falls into local minima, and improves the learning ability and generalization. The test results show that the PSO-BP-NN algorithm not only has fast convergence speed and high prediction accuracy, but also has smaller training and inspection errors. In addition, this model combines process theory and feature engineering selection of parameters, which effectively improves the accuracy of the model and the interpretability of the results based on the linkage of process knowledge, and has certain analytical significance for the source management and post-treatment of sintered flue gas.

In the long process of iron and steel, the sintering process has the largest amount of flue gas emissions, many types of pollutants and high concentrations. The source control of SO2and NOx in sintering flue gas through digital technology has become a new emission reduction technology. In this study, the BP neural network model (BP-NN) is optimized by using the particle swarm algorithm (PSO) to form the PSO-BPNN model, which effectively improves the characteristics of BP-NN with slow convergence speed and easily falls into local minima, and improves the learning ability and generalization. The test results show that the PSO-BP-NN algorithm not only has fast convergence speed and high prediction accuracy, but also has smaller training and inspection errors. In addition, this model combines process theory and feature engineering selection of parameters, which effectively improves the accuracy of the model and the interpretability of the results based on the linkage of process knowledge, and has certain analytical significance for the source management and post-treatment of sintered flue gas.

The quality education goal is a Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) that the United Nations aim to achieve by 2023. While there is still a long way to go to achieve the goal, information and communications technologies (ICT) provide efficient tools to substantially strengthen and accelerate the process. Thus, in this chapter, the authors design an Internet+ education platform to facilitate all participants conducting quality education effectively and efficiently, providing extensive intelligent quality education tools by exploiting various ICT. Functions provided by the platform can be conveniently used by each user over any kind of end devices, which helps to increase the interests of students and younger teachers in learning and education. In addition, taking the academic success as a case, they study factors influencing the quality education effect by machine learning algorithms on the platform. They propose an LR-based algorithm to predict the academic success of undergraduates to find quality education issues. Experiment results verify the superior performance of the LR-based algorithm.

In order to solve the problem of difficult coordination of traditional overcurrent relay protection caused by short supply radius and little difference of fault current along urban distribution network, a coordinated relay protection strategy based on economical fault current limiter (FCL) is proposed. The FCL device is configured at the export of the main transformer, by using quick fault identification method, setting different protection current value and relay protection delay time, once the fault occurs, the FCL can quickly limit the fault current first then cooperate with the circuit break and switches on the feeder line to achieved the coordinated relay protection. Combining with faults occurring at different locations along the feeder line, the composition and basic working principle of the FCL are discussed, the theory of fast fault identification method and the setting method of the coordinated relay protection parameters are emphatically discussed. The simulation results show that the proposed current limiting coordinated relay protection strategy can effectively reduce the short-circuit current level and bus voltage drop during the fault handle processing, thus reduce the damage to the distribution system and influence range of the fault, greatly improve the selectivity of the relay protection finally.

Scedosporium boydiiis considered as emerging opportunists affecting both immunocompromised and immunocompetent individuals. Diagnosis and treatment of Scedosporiuminfections can be challenging, and the outcome is frequently fatal, especially in patients with disseminated infections. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) is a promising adjunctive diagnostic approach for uncommon pathogens. Here, we report a rare case of brain abscess caused by S. boydiiin a systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patient. This case highlights the importance of mNGS in the early diagnosis of S. boydii. Additionally, the combined application of culture and molecular tools may be promising in the clinical diagnosis of fungal disease.

Two phosphorylcarboxylic acids, 3-((bis(2-ethylhexyloxy))phosphoryl)propanoic acid (PPA) and 3-((bis(2-ethylhexyloxy))phosphoryl)-3-phenylpropanoic acid (PPPA), were synthesized for separating yttrium from other rare earths in the chloride feed of ion-adsorption type rare earth concentrate. The effect of the factors such as pH1/2, temperature, saponification degree and phase modifiers was investigated. The separation efficiencies of PPA and PPPA are obviously better than the typical extractants such as sec-octylphenoxy acetic acid (CA-12) and naphthenic acid (NA). The extraction process of rare earths by PPA and PPPA is a cation exchanging reaction, which is similar to those of CA-12 and NA. The loaded rare earths in both PPA and PPPA systems can be effectively back-extracted by 0.5 mol/L HCl or higher concentration. A cascade extraction process for separating yttrium from other rare earths was developed using PPPA as the extractant. The yttrium product with the purity of 97.20 wt% was obtained by 35 stages of extraction and 12 stages of scrubbing.

•16S rRNA sequence of AV208 was 100% with Aerococcus urinaeequiand 99.9% with A. viridans•There was 96.24% ANI between AV208 and A. urinaeequi, and it was higher than that with Aerococcus viridans(94.9%)•AV208 was resistant to many drugs including vancomycin with a MIC >256 μg mL−1•A Tn1546transposon-like structure was located in the genome of strain AV208•Whole-genome sequencing combined with ANI could give an accurate identification

Pipeline inspection in unknown environments is challenging for robots, and various in-pipe crawling robots have been developed in recent years to perform pipeline inspection. Most of these robots comprise multiple parts and require multiple actuators to realize the pipeline locomotion, resulting in complicated system composition and large energy consumption. In this paper, inspired by the crawling principles of earthworm locomotion, we propose a single-actuated camshaft robot that can realize multiple sequential motions for pipeline crawling. The proposed single-actuated camshaft robot contains one actuator and three parts: head anchoring, body elongation, and rear anchoring part. The multiple sequential motions of these three parts are realized based on the cam mechanisms. Umbrella-shaped elastic rubbers are circumferentially around the head and rear anchoring parts. Each part contains a cam bracket. The camshaft’s rotatory motion pushes the cam brackets to generate the axial translational motion, resulting in the umbrella-shaped elastic rubbers being expanded or contracted. The proposed camshaft robot’s expansion and contraction motion are sequentially realized by the phase deviation of the camshafts. First, the structures of the proposed robot are designed. Then, the cam curves are modeled, the expansion/contraction ratio of the rear/head anchoring part is calculated, the phase deviation of the camshafts is determined, and multiple sequential motions of the proposed robot are simulated. Finally, we fabricate the proposed camshaft robot and carry out crawling experiments in pipelines with different shapes and diameters.

Reducing the south and reinforcing the north method (RSRN) has a positive effect on atherosclerosis disease. However, there is a lack of objective standards based on the quantification of 4 diagnostic methods in evaluating the improvement or effectiveness of the treatment. This study aimed to explore the quantitative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of RSRN on postmenopausal atherosclerosis based on the 4 diagnostic methods. The observational prospective cohort study was conducted at Longhua hospital Shanghai University of traditional Chinese medicine. According to the inclusion criteria, 96 patients (disease group) and 38 healthy cases (control group) were selected, the pulse parameters were compared between the 2 groups to demonstrate the reliability and success of the disease model. Then 4 diagnostic information before and after RSRN treatment were collected and statistical analyzed by 1-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (with Bonferroni correction). Furthermore, social network analysis was used to analyze the changes of symptoms, tongue, pulse, and complexion characteristics before and after treatment. There was a significant difference in pulse parameters between the disease group and the control group. The pulse parameters t1, h3, h3/h1, h4/h1, S, As, and wvalues in disease group were higher than those in control group, while the h5, h5/h1, and Ad values were lower than those in control group (P < .05). After the treatment of RSRN, the clinical symptoms of patients were greatly improved. The facial color indexes L, a, bvalues of the disease group at week 6 were different from those at week 0 (P < .05). The overall brightness and chroma of the patient’s facial color were significantly improved. The patients had virtual string pulse at week 0, and mainly string I and string II at week 7. The pulse parameters t1, t5, w, w/t, h1, h5, h3/h1, and h5/h1 values at week 7 were different from those at weeks 0, 1, 2 (P < .05); the tongue image was mainly red and crimson, peeling or greasy fur at week 0, while at weeks 6, 7, mainly light red, or thin white tongue. The RSRN method can regulate the complexion, tongue and pulse condition, clinical symptoms of postmenopausal atherosclerosis.

Back Cover: The cover image is based on the Research Article Droplet Laplace valve‐enabled glaucoma implant for intraocular pressure managementby Wang et al. This cover image depicts an innovative moving‐parts‐free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures for the treatment of refractory glaucoma. Operating on the principle of capillarity‐driven flow discretization, it showcases a simple design with a droplet‐generation nozzle and collecting reservoir. Such technology holds great promise for glaucoma implants and other microsystems that require a passive yet highly reliable microvalve. (DOI: 10.1002/dro2.109)

Glaucoma, the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide, is closely linked to aqueous overaccumulation and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). For refractory glaucoma, aqueous shunts with valves are commonly implanted for effective aqueous drainage control and IOP stabilization. However, existing valved glaucoma implants have the disadvantages of inconsistent valve opening/closing pressures, poor long‐term repeatability due to their reliance on moving parts, and complex architectures and fabrication processes. Here, we propose a novel valving concept, the droplet Laplace valve (DLV), a three‐dimensional printable moving‐parts‐free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures. The DLV uses a flow discretization unit governed by capillarity, comprising a droplet‐forming nozzle, and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets. Unlike the classic one‐time‐use Laplace valves, the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability. The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size, like the classic Laplace valves (following the Young–Laplace equation), while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size. Various DLVs with customizable opening pressures from 5 to 11 mmHg have been demonstrated, with opening/closing pressure differences suppressed down to <0.5 mmHg (<0.15 mmHg under the best conditions). Thanks to its moving‐parts‐free nature and digitized flow properties, the DLV shows a highly repeatable valving performance (<1.7%, 1000 cycles) and a predictable linear flow rate–pressure correlation (R2> 0.99). Preliminary ex vivo validation in an enucleated porcine eye confirms the DLV's efficiency in aqueous shunting and prompt IOP stabilization. The DLV technology holds great promise in glaucoma implants for IOP management and various microsystems for flow control. A novel droplet‐based valving concept, the droplet Laplace valve (DLV), a three‐dimensional printable moving‐parts‐free microvalve with customizable and consistent threshold valving pressures, has been proposed for effective intraocular pressure management in glaucoma implants. The DLV uses a flow discretization unit comprising a droplet‐forming nozzle and a separated reservoir to digitize continuous flow into quantifiable droplets. Unlike the classic one‐time‐use Laplace valves, the DLV's unique design allows for its reusability. The opening pressure is adjustable by varying the nozzle size, like the classic Laplace valves (following the Young–Laplace equation), while the closing pressure can be modified by tuning the separation distance and the reservoir size.

We demonstrate imaging of individual modes in a femtosecond laser written multimode waveguide by spatial-heterodyne interferometry and decomposition in data post-processing. Despite the spatial and temporal overlap between multiple waveguide modes, we show the extraction of amplitude for each individual mode and their corresponding temporal dynamics. The mode imaging scheme is effective with the presence of intermodal interference and can be prospective for sensing of ultrafast phase and refractive index fluctuations. We also reconstruct the two-dimensional transverse refractive index map of the multimode waveguide leveraging all the imaged modes and substantiate the reconstructed index map by simulation.

A step towards the next generation of high-capacity, noise-resilient communication and computing technologies is a substantial increase in the dimensionality of information space and the synthesis of superposition states on an N-dimensional (N> 2) Hilbert space featuring exotic group symmetries. Despite the rapid development of photonic devices and systems, on-chip information technologies are mostly limited to two-level systems owing to the lack of sufficient reconfigurability to satisfy the stringent requirement for 2(N− 1) degrees of freedom, intrinsically associated with the increase of synthetic dimensionalities. Even with extensive efforts dedicated to recently emerged vector lasers and microcavities for the expansion of dimensionalities1–10, it still remains a challenge to actively tune the diversified, high-dimensional superposition states of light on demand. Here we demonstrate a hyperdimensional, spin–orbit microlaser for chip-scale flexible generation and manipulation of arbitrary four-level states. Two microcavities coupled through a non-Hermitian synthetic gauge field are designed to emit spin–orbit-coupled states of light with six degrees of freedom. The vectorial state of the emitted laser beam in free space can be mapped on a Bloch hypersphere defining an SU(4) symmetry, demonstrating dynamical generation and reconfiguration of high-dimensional superposition states with high fidelity.

Fatigue was a frequently reported adverse event associated with the use of PARP inhibitors. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to fully investigate the fatigue of PARP inhibitors in cancer patients. Databases were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) treated with PARP inhibitors till July 2020. Twenty-nine RCTs and 9479 patients were included. This meta-analysis suggests that the use of PARP inhibitors significantly increase the risk of developing all-grade (RR, 1.25; 95%CI, 1.20–1.31; p < 0.00001; I2= 48%) and high-grade fatigue (RR, 1.92; 95%CI, 1.51–2.45; p < 0.00001; I2= 11%). Veliparib was associated with a relatively lower risk of fatigue. Patients with ovarian cancer tend to be associated with a higher risk of fatigue than those with non-ovarian cancer. Longer duration of therapy was associated with a higher risk of all-grade fatigue. Patients receiving PARP inhibitor monotherapy tends to be associated with a higher risk of all-grade fatigue than those receiving combination treatment.

Direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS) is an extremely practical and effective technology to detect gas concentration in site applications. Dual-beam subtraction is one of the most common demodulation methods in DAS, yet this method cannot solve the problem of absolute absorption curve nonlinearization in a wide optical thickness range. A real-time and practical dual-logarithmic demodulation method is proposed and proved to be robust when the optical thickness is much greater than linear region. Moreover, the error of optical thickness peak is only 1.18% between the dual-logarithmic demodulation system and simulation after correcting the dual-beam subtraction demodulation system under a 300 K, 1 atm, and 3 m absorption path. When the range of optical thickness peak of acetylene is from 0.0252 to 2.5335 at 1532.83 nm, the peak voltages always maintain satisfactory linearity (R-square=0.9989).

In recent years, with the growing expansion of the recruitment scale and the further reform in teaching, how to use the limited teacher resources and the limited classroom resources to schedule a reasonable university course timetable has gotten great interest. In this paper, the authors firstly hashed over the university course timetabling problem, and then they presented the related mathematical model and constructed the relevant solution framework. Subsequently, in view of characteristics of the university course timetabling problem, they introduced genetic algorithm to solve the university course timetabling problem and proposed many improvement strategies which include the three-dimensional coding strategy, the fitness function design strategy, the initial population generation strategy, the population dominance strategy, the adaptive crossover probability strategy, and the adaptive mutation probability strategy to optimize genetic algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed genetic algorithm can solve the university course timetabling problem effectively.

Eu2+ions’ occupancy in α-cordierite structure has been a hot research topic. In this study, Eu2+ions were introduced into α-Mg2Al4Si5O18structure by glass skeleton modification relaxation crystallization route, and optimizing Eu2+ions’ occupancy was induced by changing the skeleton structure through Al3+content and B3+-P5+double substituting 2Si4+. Three occupied luminescent structures’ evolution was verified by combining photoluminescence spectra and lattice parameters. The results show that within the range of Al3+content lower than 1.1 mol or B3+-P5+content higher than 3 mol%, the lattice parameters are dominated by the a/bdirection. This is beneficial for Eu2+ions to occupy structural channel site and Ca2+site, which forms occupied luminescent structures and . When the Al3+content is higher than 1.1 mol or B3+-P5+content is lower than 3 mol%, the lattice parameters are dominated by cdirection, which is more conducive to Eu2+ions occupying Mg2+sites and occupied luminescent structure formation. By sensitivity calculations, occupancy priority of Eu2+ions are derived as >>. This study provides an effective strategy to modulate Eu2+occupancy thereby achieving single-component white light emission.

The structural evolution mechanism and the structure–property relationship of metal nanoclusters (MNCs) in variable environments are critical for their potential applications. Herein, we present a perspective regarding the dynamic structure of MNCs as uncovered by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and its impact on their properties. Unique XAS techniques including solution-phase measurements, wavelet-transformed mapping, and its combined use with theoretical calculations are illustrated as useful tools to capture the structural and property changes of MNCs in differing conditions. Some key findings concerning the structures and properties of several representative MNCs such as Au18(SR)14, Ag44(SR)30, and protein-protected Au MNCs are discussed. Finally, future perspectives for the challenges and more advanced structural analyses of these materials are presented.

As cloud computing is established on the massive cheap server clusters, it causes compute nodes' software and hardware to go wrong. Different computing nodes and communications links have different failure rate. For the parallel task scheduling problem that cloud users have requirements for deadlines and executing reliability, we put forward to generate all possible execution schemes of a parallel task on a cloud computing system. All the execution schemes are constructed into an execution scheme graph (ESG), in which a path from the startpoint to endpoint corresponds to an execution scheme of a parallel task. Based on ESG, we propose the maximum reliability execution scheme solving algorithm MRES that searches the execution schemes which have maximum reliability cost while meeting the parallel task's deadline requirement. The experimental results show that MRES algorithm can effectively improve the executing success rate.

Bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty has several potential advantages including improved anteroposterior knee stability compared to contemporary posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. However, few studies have explored whether there is significant differences of knee biomechanics following bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty compared to posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. In the present study, subject-specific lower extremity musculoskeletal multi-body dynamics models for bi-cruciate retaining, bi-cruciate retaining without anterior cruciate ligament, and posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty were developed based on the musculoskeletal modeling framework using force-dependent kinematics method and validated against in vivo telemetric data. The experiment data of two subjects who underwent total knee arthroplasty were obtained for the SimTK “Grand Challenge Competition” repository, and integrated into the musculoskeletal model. Five walking gait trials for each subject were used as partial inputs for the model to predict the knee biomechanics for bi-cruciate retaining, bi-cruciate retaining without anterior cruciate ligament, and posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty. The results revealed significantly greater range of anterior/posterior tibiofemoral translation, and significantly more posterior tibial location during the early phase of gait and more anterior tibial location during the late phase of gait were found in bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty without anterior cruciate ligament when compared to the bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. No significant differences in tibiofemoral contact forces, rotations, translations, and ligament forces between bi-cruciate retaining and posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty during normal walking gait, albeit slight differences in range of tibiofemoral internal/external rotation and anterior/posterior translation were observed. The present study revealed that anterior cruciate ligament retention has a positive effect on restoring normal knee kinematics in bi-cruciate retaining total knee arthroplasty. Preservation of anterior cruciate ligament in total knee arthroplasty and knee implant designs interplay each other and both contribute to restoring normal knee kinematics in different types of total knee arthroplasty. Further evaluation of more demanding activities and subject data from patients with bi-cruciate retaining and posterior cruciate-retaining total knee arthroplasty via musculoskeletal modeling may better highlight the role of the anterior cruciate ligament and its stabilizing influence.

Production scheduling problems have historically emphasized cycle time without involving the environmental factors. In the study, a low-carbon scheduling problem in a flexible job shop is considered to minimize the energy consumption, which mainly consists of two parts: the useful part and the wasted part. First, a mathematical model is built based on the features of the workshop. Second, a modified migrating bird's optimization (MMBO) is developed to obtain the optimal solution. In the MMBO, a population initialization scheme is designed to enhance the solution quality and convergence speed. Five types of neighborhood structures are introduced to create neighborhood solutions. Furthermore, a local search method and a reset mechanism are developed to improve the computational results. Finally, experimental results validate that the MMBO is effective and feasible.

An efficient route for formal [3 + 2] cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates with isothiocyanates was developed for the synthesis of 1,3-oxazolidine-2-thione derivatives. The zwitterionic π-allyl palladium intermediates formed in situ by decarboxylation of VECs acted as the three-membered synthons. In this transformation, the C–N bond formation was selectively realized over the C–S bond formation.

An efficient synthesis of indolizine derivatives from propargylic pyridines and aroyl chlorides was developed. The 5-endo-dig cyclization was initiated by the in situ formed acylpalladium species from the facile oxidative addition of aroyl chloride to Pd(0) complex. This transformation successfully occurred in the presence of an N-nucleophilic moiety and acid chlorides, a good electrophilic partner, affording highly functionalized indolizines in good-to-excellent yields.

Coal–char-gasification reaction in a mixture of H2O, CO2, H2, and CO was conducted in a fixed-bed tube reactor at atmospheric pressure. The effects of H2and CO on CO2-gasification and steam-gasification reactions were studied from 1100–1400 °C. Experimental results indicated that H2promoted the steam-gasification reactivity of coal–char, especially at low temperatures. The inhibition effect of CO on steam gasification was apparent. H2promoted the CO2gasification of coal–char at 1100 °C but inhibited it above 1300 °C. CO inhibited CO2gasification from 1100–1400 °C. The random-pore model was suitable for all experimental conditions. Kinetic analysis showed that the effects of temperature on gasification reactivity differed in various raw gases. Arrhenius plots revealed that the steam gasification mechanism may be altered in steam or steam/H2from 1100–1400 °C. Within this temperature range, steam gasification (in H2O/CO and H2O/H2/CO) and CO2gasification (in CO2, CO2/H2, CO2/CO, and CO2/H2/CO) were considered to be chemical-reaction-controlling stages.