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Methyl iodide (CH3I) gas as a toxic gas causes great harm to organisms due to its high volatility and high reactivity with biological nucleophiles. Unfortunately, the sensing and detection of CH3I gas are challenging because of the diffusive nature of the gases and its low concentrations in the environment. Herein, we have developed a fast, green, and sensitive CH3I gas visual sensing method based on the capture technology of toxic gases by natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) coupled to the halide rapid exchange capability of perovskite nanocrystals (PNCs). In this strategy, NADESs are used as an absorption solution to adsorb gaseous CH3I, while simultaneously exposing I–through the action of the nucleophilic reagent; then, CsPbBr3PNCs were synthesized in NADESs and used as sensing material to achieve I–exchange. Benefiting from the capture and enrichment of CH3I gas, the sensitivity of the gas sensor was highly improved. The sensor exhibited the lowest detection limit (limits of detection) of 164.15 μmol/m3, below the minimum safe level for human inhalation, which is 200 μmol/m3. This breakthrough offers greater possibilities for the quantitative detection of CH3I gas.

Mercury, a toxic heavy metal, poses significant risks to human health. Coal-fired power plants are the largest anthropogenic sources of mercury emissions, making mercury removal from flue gas imperative. Among various mercury adsorbents, metal selenides show promising potential in mercury capture. Here, we reported the synthesis of a novel three-dimensional hierarchical flower-like material, SnSe2, and its debut application in flue gas mercury capture. Under the influence of low-coordinated selenium, the introduction of abundant selenium vacancy defects led to the exposure of additional active sites in the adsorbent. Additionally, the presence of Sn enhanced gas selectivity and promoted electron transfer processes, thereby augmenting Hg0adsorption and oxidation performance. Benefiting from these advantages, SnSe2exhibited superior mercury removal performance over a wide temperature range (30–180 °C), with a saturated mercury adsorption capacity of 2027.23 μg/g, surpassing that of commercial activated carbon. Furthermore, the presence of NO in flue gas improved mercury adsorption performance, while high concentrations of SO2do not affect mercury removal efficiency, as elucidated by adsorption kinetics models. Moreover, the mercury adsorption mechanism was demonstrated through mercury temperature-programmed desorption (Hg-TPD) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Finally, toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) experiments confirmed SnSe2as an efficient and permanent adsorbent for mercury, offering insights into the application of novel mercury removal materials.

This article proposes an all-fiber Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) magnetic field sensor based on few-mode fiber (FMF) and hollow-core fiber (HCF). The proposed SMF-FMF-HCF-SMF (SFHS) structure is achieved by fusion splicing FMF and HCF between two single-mode fibers (SMFs), with the offset fusion splicing technique implemented between SMF and FMF. Through the offset fusion splicing, high-order modes are more easily excited when light propagates in the FMF, while the structural characteristics of the FMF reduce the number of excited high-order modes, thus avoiding excessive interferences and spectra overlay effects caused by them. In the HCF region, light is coupled and confined within the cladding of the HCF. Low-order mode and high-order modes propagate in the cladding and form a multimode interference. This phenomenon enhances the sensor’s sensitivity to environmental changes. The sensing structure is enclosed within a capillary tube filled with magnetic fluid (MF), which exhibits tunable refractive index (RI) properties. By subjecting the MF-filled SFHS structure to varying magnetic fields, the RI modulation of the MF facilitates the measurement of magnetic field intensities. Moreover, due to the circular asymmetry of the sensor structure, it exhibits sensitivity to the direction of the magnetic field. The experimental results indicate that the proposed sensing structure exhibits a magnetic field sensitivity of −0.28 dB/Oe at a wavelength of 1583 nm and can be applied as a magnetic field vector sensor.

Offloading task to roadside units (RSUs) provides a promising solution for enhancing the real-time data processing capacity and reducing energy consumption of vehicles in the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET). Recently, multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL)-based offloading approaches have been widely used for task offloading in VANET. However, existing MADRL-based approaches suffer from offloading preference inference (OPI) attack, which utilizes the vulnerability in the policy learning process of MADRL to mislead vehicles to offload tasks to malicious RSUs. In this paper, we first formulate a joint optimization of offloading action and transmitting power with the objective of minimizing the system cost, including local and edge costs, under the privacy requirement of protecting offloading preference during offloading policy learning process in VANET. Despite the non-convexity and centralized of this joint optimization problem, we propose a privacy-aware MADRL (PA-MADRL) approach to solve it, which can allow the offload decision of each vehicle to reach the Nash Equilibrium (NE) without leaking offloading preference. The key to resisting the OPI attack is to protect the offloading preference by 1)elaborately constructing the noise based on ( $\beta,\Phi $ )-differential privacy mechanism and 2) adding it to the action selection and policy updating process of vanilla MADRL. We conduct a detailed theoretical analysis of the convergence and privacy guarantee of the proposed PA-MADRL, and extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness, privacy-protecting capacity, and cost-efficiency of PA-MADRL approach.

The investigation of highly conductive and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts is imperative for promoting the hydrogen economy. Herein, we employed het-eroatom-doping and graphene-covering techniques to enhance the electronic properties of NiCo2S4(NCS) yolk-shell microspheres, boosting their resistance to H2O and O2corrosion in acidic environments. Based on the results of density functional theory (DFT) simulations and comprehensive characterizations, P heteroatom introduction into NCS was found to expedite electron transfer from bulk to surface, reducing the barrier for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) on neighboring active S sites. DFT-calculated energy barriers and X-ray photoelectron spectrometer analysis substantiated that the reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-covering layer played a vital role by facilitating proton permeability in HER while hindering H2O and O2molecule penetration. By leveraging charge transfer and mass transfer, a balanced catalyst with high activity and corrosion resistance was achieved. The optimized P-NCS/rGO catalyst exhibited a current density of 10 mA cm−2at a low overpotential of 70 mV, demonstrating excellent durability over 80 h. This study exemplified the rational design of graphene-covered sulfide catalysts, enhancing electrocatalyst performance through the regulation of electronic structures and proton/molecule penetration.

Some potentially harmful trace elements, such as Sb, As, and Hg, are usually associated with pyrite in coals and can be threats to the environment and human health. In this study, the release of 12 selected elements generally associated with pyrite was investigated during heat treatment in a tube furnace to access their behavior during combustion. FactSage has been used to calculate their behavior with the increase in temperature. Nickel, Cu, Zn, Cr, and Cd are more enriched in the samples containing syngenetic pyrite than in other samples. Other elements are generally more enriched in the samples containing epigenetic pyrite than in other samples. The volatilization of elements with a very high volatility, such as Hg and As, was complete at high temperatures in most samples. For other most elements in this study, the volatilization of a specific element in different samples is generally different. During heat treatment, the selected elements, according to their volatilization, can be classified into three groups: low, medium, or high volatility. At the conditions of this study, the volatilization of trace elements is influenced strongly by their inherent volatility, moderately by their modes of occurrence, and weakly by the pyrite types. The volatility-based behavior of the selected trace elements in FactSage calculation is generally consistent with their classification during heat treatment.

Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) is regarded as a potential filler in the fabrication of epoxy composites. However, MCC’s hydrophilic nature and strong hydrogen bonds caused by abundant surface hydroxyl groups greatly weaken its compatibility with the epoxy resin. In addition, it remains a challenge to efficiently and heterogeneously modify MCC surface hydroxyl groups. In this work, MCC was epoxidized heterogeneously with a phase-transfer catalyst. Results indicated that 4.48% (by mass) or 58.15% (by coverage) of the hydroxyl groups on MCC was modified. The dispersibility of epoxidized MCC (EP-MCC) in the epoxy resin was significantly improved. At the same time, EP-MCC showed the ability to interact with the epoxy network covalently, improving the interface interactions, indicating the simultaneous enhancement of the modulus and the toughness. As a result, this heterogenous epoxidation method showed high efficiency in reducing the surface hydroxyl content of MCC, endowing it with a bright future in industrial applications of epoxy composites.

A simple in-fiber breathing monitoring sensor based on a micro-tapered long-period fiber grating (MT-LPFG) structure was proposed and demonstrated. The MT-LPFG structure was manufactured through the periodical tapering of an optical fiber utilizing a CO2 laser fusion splicer. Without the use of a humidity sensitive film, the MT-LPFG structure can directly and dynamically monitoring relative humidity with a fast response, based on which, the breathing process can be monitored in real time through the monitoring of its transmission affected by the humidity. Experiments show that breathing rate and breathing status during respiration were successfully monitored by placing the sensor structure nearby the nose in a breathing mask. A rise time of 0.237 s and a fall time of 0.299 s were realized in the breathing process monitoring. For its advantages of simple fabrication, miniature size, and fast response, the proposed sensor may found applications in visual observation of the patient’s breathing condition.

Compared with the thermal curing process, the photocuring process has advantages such as high efficiency and less energy consumption. However, the preparation of photocurable phase change materials (PCMs) with photothermal conversion and self-cleaning properties is challenging due to the conflict between the transparency required by the photocurable resin system and the opacity deduced by the large number of fillers required by photothermal conversion and the negative effect of filler steric hindrance on the reaction rate and crystallinity. In this work, a “thiol–ene” click chemical reaction induced using UV was used to prepare photocurable PCMs, followed by spraying a carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (CCNT) suspension (with ethyl acetate) onto the surface to achieve an effective two-layer composite of the PCM and CCNTs, by which the rough surface of the PCM and the interaction offered by the hydrogen bonds on the interface of the PCM and the CCNTs provide sufficient adhesion for the two phases. The “thiol–ene” cross-linked polymer network provided shape stability as a support material. 1-Octadectanethiol (ODT) and beeswax (BW) were encapsulated in the cross-linked polymer network as phase change components, providing phase change latent heat. The CCNT layer provided excellent photothermal conversion and self-cleaning properties. The experimental results show that the latent heat of the PCM can reach 124.2 J/g, the water contact angle is 144°, the photothermal conversion efficiency reaches 75%, and it has significant self-cleaning performance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on a photocurable PCM with photothermal conversion and self-cleaning properties.

The efficacy of radiotherapy is significantly constricted by tumor hypoxia. To overcome this obstacle, one promising approach is to use the perfluorocarbon-based O2carriers combined with hyperoxic respiration to relieve tumor hypoxia. However, this passively transported oxygen carrier during hyperoxic respiration is prone to cause systemic oxidative stress and toxicity, which further limits its clinical application. Herein, we fabricate O2@PFC@FHA NPs for safe and specific oxygen delivery into tumors by using the fluorinated hyaluronic acid to encapsulate O2-saturated perfluorocarbon. Due to the interaction between HA and CD44 receptors, more FHA@PFC NPs accumulated in the tumor and the O2@PFC@FHA NPs significantly relieved tumor hypoxia. Notably, RT plus O2@PFC@FHA NPs resulted in almost threefold therapeutic improvement compared with RT without obvious systemic toxicity. Therefore, the O2@FHA@PFC NPs may have great potential to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy in the clinic.

Abstract: Nanofibers, due to the characteristics of high porosity, large specific surface area, and high strength and mechanical flexibility, exhibit a great potential for gas sensing as a sensing layer or versatile support. The abundant compositions, specific morphology, and tunable pore size of nanofibers are suitable for the detection of diverse environmental gases, and its excellent flexibility and mechanical properties are convenient for fabricating the smart and wearable electronic devices. Compared with conventional powder materials, these merits of nanofibers mainly can enhance the sensitivity and stability. In this review, we first introduce the main evaluation parameters for gas sensors, the designed principle of sensors, and the advantages of nanofiber materials for gas sensing. Then, the recent advances in nanofiber-based gas sensors for monitoring the different environmental gases, mainly including hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), carbon monoxide (CO), acid gases (H2S, NO2, and SO2), SF6and its decomposition products, chemical warfare agents (CWAs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are summarized. Meanwhile, the sensing mechanism and different sensing materials based on noble metals, metal oxides, metal-organic framework, and their composites are discussed comprehensively. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of nanofiber-based gas sensors are also addressed. Graphical Abstract:

Purpose: Intelligent and connected vehicle technology is in the ascendant. High-level autonomous driving places more stringent requirements on the accuracy and reliability of environmental perception. Existing research works on multitarget tracking based on multisensor fusion mostly focuses on the vehicle perspective, but limited by the principal defects of the vehicle sensor platform, it is difficult to comprehensively and accurately describe the surrounding environment information. Design/methodology/approach: In this paper, a multitarget tracking method based on roadside multisensor fusion is proposed, including a multisensor fusion method based on measurement noise adaptive Kalman filtering, a global nearest neighbor data association method based on adaptive tracking gate, and a Track life cycle management method based on M/N logic rules. Findings: Compared with fixed-size tracking gates, the adaptive tracking gates proposed in this paper can comprehensively improve the data association performance in the multitarget tracking process. Compared with single sensor measurement, the proposed method improves the position estimation accuracy by 13.5% and the velocity estimation accuracy by 22.2%. Compared with the control method, the proposed method improves the position estimation accuracy by 23.8% and the velocity estimation accuracy by 8.9%. Originality/value: A multisensor fusion method with adaptive Kalman filtering of measurement noise is proposed to realize the adaptive adjustment of measurement noise. A global nearest neighbor data association method based on adaptive tracking gate is proposed to realize the adaptive adjustment of the tracking gate.

Background: Lipid metabolism changes occur in early Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Yet little is known about metabolic gene changes in early AD cortex. Methods: The lipid metabolic genes selected from two datasets (GSE39420 and GSE118553) were analyzed with enrichment analysis. Protein–protein interaction network construction and correlation analyses were used to screen core genes. Literature analysis and molecular docking were applied to explore potential therapeutic drugs. Results: 60 lipid metabolic genes differentially expressed in early AD patients’ cortex were screened. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that up-regulated genes were mainly focused on mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and mediating the activation of long-chain fatty acids, phosphoproteins, and cholesterol metabolism. Down-regulated genes were mainly focused on lipid transport, carboxylic acid metabolic process, and neuron apoptotic process. Literature reviews and molecular docking results indicated that ACSL1, ACSBG2, ACAA2, FABP3, ALDH5A1, and FFAR4 were core targets for lipid metabolism disorder and had a high binding affinity with compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, BMS-488043, and candidate therapeutic drugs especially bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol. Conclusions: AD cortical lipid metabolism disorder was associated with the dysregulation of the PPAR signaling pathway, glycerophospholipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, ferroptosis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and fatty acid elongation. Candidate drugs including bisphenol A, benzo(a)pyrene, ethinyl estradiol, and active compounds including adenosine phosphate, oxidized Photinus luciferin, and BMS-488043 have potential therapeutic effects on cortical lipid metabolism disorder of early AD.

An amphiphilic derivative with a large Stokes shift by introducing flexible hydrophilic long chains into a rigid ethylene-pyrene compound have been successfully synthesized. The alkylated compound exhibited a notable change in charge distribution, facilitating cation-πinteractions. Through the process of amphiphilic self-assembly, the formation of highly ordered aggregates enabled effective photo-dimerization under 449 nm LED irradiation. Notably, this photo-responsive technology not only exhibited advanced multi-color emission effects, including white light emission but also exhibited environmentally friendly behavior in the aqueous phase.

Silicon suboxide (SiOx, 0 < x < 2) is one of the most promising anode materials because of its high lithium-ion storage capacity. However, the poor intrinsic conductivity and large volume change during cycling limits its practical application as lithium-ion battery anode materials. Herein, we propose a novel strategy to introduce carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the SiOxparticles, forming a conductive network and relieving the volume expansion effect, which possess improved reversible capacity and robust structure for long cycling stability. The SiOx/CNT composite anode delivers reversible capacity of 1533.8 mAh g−1at the first cycle and maintains 599.6 mAh g−1after 500 cycles with a high coulombic efficiency of 99.7 %. In this paper, SiOxcomposite anchored by CNTs was prepared, which is a simple and effective strategy to improve the conductivity of SiOx, relieve the volume effect and further promote its electrochemical performance benefit from the high conductivity and structural stability of CNTs. This research provides a significant reference for constructing the delicate structure of SiOx-based composites to enhance cyclic performance.

AbstractBecause of lacking of head-to-head comparison among lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib for patients with ALK inhibitor–naive or untreated (ALK inhibitor-naive and chemotherapy-naive) ALK-positive advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the optimal option for these patients still remains undefined. We searched published reports that described the activity and safety of those novel ALK inhibitors (lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib) for ALK inhibitor–naive or untreated (ALK inhibitor-naive and chemotherapy-naive) ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. Five randomized controlled trials were identified, covering 1111 subjects. In the network meta-analysis, lorlatinib seemed to prolong progression free survival than brigatinib (Hazard Ratio: 0.57, P = 0.03) and alectinib (Hazard ratio: 0.65, P = 0.05) for previously untreated patients with ALK-positive advanced NSCLC as assessed by the independent review committee. Meanwhile, lorlatinib significantly improved significant progression free survival than brigatinib (Hazard ratio: 0.57, P = 0.03) and alectinib (Hazard ratio: 0.59, P = 0.03) for ALK inhibitor–naive patients. Among lorlatinib, alectinib, brigatinib, and crizotinib, lorlatinib had the highest probability to reach the best overall confirmed response rates (probability of 48%) and intracranial confirmed response rates (probability of 44%). No significant difference was found among them in overall survival and adverse events analysis. In terms of progression free survival, our results indicated that lorlatinib was the best treatment choice for patients with ALK inhibitor-naive or untreated (ALK inhibitor-naive and chemotherapy-naive) ALK-positive advanced NSCLC. The future head-to-head trials assessing the relative efficacy of lorlatinib, alectinib and brigatinib were warranted.

Form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) have garnered tremendous attention in thermal energy storage (TES) owing to their remarkable latent heat. However, the integration of intelligent manufacturing, recycling, and optimized multifunction is considered not feasible for form-stable PCMs due to the restriction of encapsulation technology. Here, an excellent polymer encapsulation strategy is proposed to prepare 3D printable, sustainable, and reliable form-stable PCMs (SiPCM-x), which are universal for petroleum-based and biobased long alkyl compounds. SiPCM-xhave top-class latent heat, and the phase-change temperatures are tunable from body temperature to high temperature. The in situformative bottlebrush phase-change polysiloxane networks are used as supporting materials, and the encapsulation mechanism is clarified. Sirbw-250can be degraded and re-encapsulated to achieve recycling. Besides, Sirbw-250is fabricated as the customer-designed objects with shape-changing behavior via 3D printing. By introducing the metal foams and nano-coatings, the resulting phase-change composites simultaneously exhibit excellent superhydrophobicity, mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, electromagnetic interference shielding behavior, and solar-, electric-, and magnetic-to-thermal energy conversion ability. Besides, S–Ni–SiPCM-250can be applied in the wearable functional devices and movable solar–thermal charging. This strategy will lead to huge renovation in the TES field and provide an efficient guideline for designing advanced form-stable PCMs.

In this paper, PtCu alloys with varying Pt/Cu ratios were deposited onto TiO2nanocrystals to selectively photoreduce CO2into CH4. The experimental results show that the appropriate Pt/Cu deposition ratio significantly improves CH4production with 100% selectivity. The PtCu alloy not only effectively promotes the separation/transfer of photogenerated charges, but is also beneficial for the adsorption of CO2and the formation and activation of intermediates (CO2−, *COOH, *CO, and *CHO). Furthermore, two paths for *CO formation are observed on the surface of PtCu/TiO2, providing sufficient *CO for CH4generation. Density functional theory calculations show that the synergistic effect of PtCu reduces the activation energy barriers of *CO2and *CHO and inhibits the desorption of *CO, which simultaneously optimizes the efficiency and selectivity of CO2reduction. These findings may provide new insights for exploring alloy cocatalysts for regulating the product selectivity of photocatalytic CO2reduction.

The development of a high-efficiency photocatalyst having favorable charge transfer has become an important scientific approach for solar-to-fuel conversion. In this study, the one-dimensional (1D)/2D CeO2/ZnIn2S4(ZIS) photocatalyst having a Z-scheme heterojunction has been successfully fabricated using the in situgrowth of ZIS nanosheets on the CeO2nanorod surfaces. The optimal H2production rate of 3.29 mmol g−1h−1was achieved with the 15% CeO2/ZIS sample under visible light without any cocatalyst; furthermore, this value was 2.7 and 92.6 times higher than those of pristine ZIS and CeO2, respectively. The remarkable photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the efficient separation of photogenerated carriers as well as the formation of the Z-scheme heterojunction, which maintained the strong reduction of electrons in ZIS for H2production. The presence of an internal electric field between CeO2and ZIS has been demonstrated by both density functional theory calculations and Kelvin probe force microscopy. The Z-scheme transfer of photogenerated carriers in the CeO2/ZIS heterojunction has been confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and in situirradiated X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This study presents certain insights into the development of efficient Z-scheme photocatalysts for H2evolution from solar water splitting.

In this study, a three-dimensional graphene- and carbon nanotube (CNT)-decorated SiOxcomposite material (SiOx-Gr-CNT) was synthesized. The dual carbon components were introduced by a simple one-step method of high-energy ball milling. The corresponding SiOx-Gr-CNT composite electrode exhibited superior lithium storage performance because the graphene and CNT components form a flexible network with high conductivity decorating on SiOx. The network is beneficial for the improvement of the conductivity of SiOxparticles. The mechanical flexibility of the graphene and CNT components had a negligible volume effect, which could effectively suppress the volume expansion of SiOxand assist to form a durable solid electrolyte interphase film by separating SiOxparticles from the electrolyte. Thus, the electrochemical properties of the corresponding SiOx-Gr-CNT composite electrode were effectively enhanced with a large reversible specific capacity of 1015.1 mA h g–1, which was maintained at 1046.6 mA h g–1after cycling of 100 cycles with a capacity remaining exceeding 100% under a current density of 100 mA g–1. The SiOx-Gr-CNT composite electrode also exhibited outstanding cycling performance under a large current density of 1 A g–1with more than 800 mA h g–1reversible specific capacity even after 200 cycles. The method used for the combination of the SiOx-Gr-CNT composite anode material is simple and mass productive and thus is promising for practical application.

A fiber-optic vector magnetic field sensor based on a large-core-offset Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) infiltrated by magnetic fluid (MF) is proposed and demonstrated in this paper. By large-core-offset fusion splicing of a short single-mode fiber (SMF) between a lead-in SMF and a coupling multi-mode fiber, the MZI with a sub-millimeter length is formed, which is then sealed in an MF-infiltrated glass capillary. Through the MF’s refractive index modulation by external magnetic field, the phase of the light passing through the MZI is altered. As a result, the transmission spectrum can be monitored for the magnetic field measurement. Furthermore, from the axial-asymmetry of the large-core-offset MZI structure, the proposed sensor possesses vectorial magnetic-field-sensing ability. Experiments show that the MF-infiltrated large-core-offset MZI vector magnetic-field sensor can achieve a high wavelength sensitivity of 96.68 pm/Oe in a magnetic field range of 50–130 Oe.

A new type of internally illuminated honeycomb photoreactor was designed. The honeycomb catalyst prepared by using Ce-doped TiO2with 1%–2% vanadium and tungsten was employed for mercury removal from simulated industrial flue gas. The adsorption kinetics in the reaction process were studied. The results showed that the internally illuminated honeycomb photoreactor had good mercury removal performance. When the temperature was 25°C and the ultraviolet (UV) light intensity reached 80 µW/cm2, the mercury removal efficiency reached 92.5%. The mercury removal efficiency increased significantly with the doping ratio of Ce. XPS analysis showed that the oxidation state of Ce changed from 4 to 3 in the mercury removal reaction and produced lattice oxygen, which acts as an oxidant. O2can promote mercury removal by honeycomb catalysts; SO2and HCl also had positive effects, while NO had an inhibitory effect on mercury removal. Kinetic research in the reaction process showed that the quasi-first-order dynamic model had good fitting results, and the correlation coefficients of the fitting results for multiple sets of experimental data were more than 0.999.

A magnetic field vector sensor based on a cascaded structure composed of a core-offset Fabry–Perot interferometer (FPI) and a magnetic fluid (MF) infiltrated glass capillary (GC) is proposed and demonstrated. An air-gap FPI with a cavity length of 85 µm is formed by core-offset fusing two single-mode fibers separated by a short hollow-core fiber (HCF). The FPI is cascaded with an MF-infiltrated GC. By the directional bending effect of the core-offset FPI caused by magnetic field force on the MF-filtrated GC, the magnetic field can be monitored in strength and direction. Experimental results show that, in a magnetic field strength range of 0–9 mT, the sensor can achieve sensitivities of 4.63 and 4.25 pm/mT in two opposite directions.

Heterojunction plays an important role in enhancing the photocatalysis performance of materials. In this paper, van der Waals g-C3N4/BiLuWO6heterojunction forms a Z-scheme energy band configuration through interlayer binding energy, energy band, work function, and charge density difference calculations. Photogenerated electrons transfer from the conduction band (CB) of g-C3N4to the valence band (VB) of BiLuWO6. Based on theoretical predictions, 13 heterojunctions were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) mapping, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy. Photocurrent response, impedance, Mott–Schottky curve, and free radical tests further confirm the rapid separation of the photogenerated carriers in the n-type g-C3N4/BiLuWO6heterojunction. Degradation efficiencies of rhodamine B (RhB) and methylene blue (MB) are 93 and 85% under mercury lamp irradiation, respectively. The values are higher than 50 and 64% for g-C3N4as well as 14 and 8% for BiLuWO6. Except for pollutant degradation, the H2evolution rate of the heterojunction is 289.08 μmol/g/h using xenon lamp irradiation, which is higher than 161.08 μmol/g/h of g-C3N4and 13.13 μmol/g/h of BiLuWO6. The decomposition path of RhB and the improved mechanism of H2production activity are revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS) and Gibbs free energy analysis.

Gold catalysts have been reported as highly effective catalysts in various oxidation reactions. However, for chemoselective hydrogenation reactions, gold-based catalysts normally show much lower catalytic activity than platinum group metals, even though their selectivities are excellent. Here, we report that the chemoselective hydrogenation activity of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline over Au/TiO2can be enhanced up to 3.3 times through the hydrogen reduction strategy. It is revealed that strong metal-support interaction, between gold nanoparticles (NPs) and TiO2support, is introduced through hydrogen reduction, resulting in partial dispersion of reduced TiOxon the Au surface. The partially covered Au not only increases the perimeter of the interface between the gold NPs and the support, but also benefits H2activation. Reaction kinetic analysis and H2-D2exchange reaction show that H2activation is the critical step in the hydrogenation of 3-nitrostyrene to 3-vinylaniline. Density functional theory calculations verify that hydrogen dissociation and hydrogen transfer are favored at the interface of gold NPs and TiO2over the hydrogen-reduced Au/TiO2. This study provides insights for fabricating highly active gold-based catalysts for chemoselective hydrogenation reactions.

CO preferential oxidation (PROX) in excess hydrogen is a promising strategy for CO removal in hydrogen-rich reformate. However, the CO conversion and CO2selectivity in the PROX reaction dramatically decrease with rising temperature, resulting in a major challenge to complete CO removal across a wide temperature window. Here, we developed a photoexcited deposition of metal oxide (PDMO) method based on surface plasmonic resonance of Au nanoparticles, which can tune the interfacial properties by depositing lead oxide at the Au-TiO2interface. The interface modified Pb3O4/Au/TiO2catalyst can successfully eliminate CO in a wide temperature range (70°C–140°C) and exhibit superior stability in the PROX reaction. Further experiments demonstrated that the improved PROX performance is due to the severely depressed hydrogen oxidation through simultaneously inhibiting the activation of hydrogen and oxygen. The results further reveal that the interface of Au/TiO2is the superactive but non-selective site for H2and CO oxidation.

Growing evidence has shown that some pharmaceutical excipients can act on drug transporters. The present study was aimed at investigating the effects of 13 commonly used excipients on the intestinal absorption of metformin (MTF) and the underlying mechanisms using Caco-2 cells and an ex vivomouse non-everted gut sac model. First, the uptake of MTF in Caco-2 cells was markedly inhibited by nonionic excipients including Solutol HS 15, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, and crospovidone. Second, transport profile studies showed that MTF was taken up via multiple cation-selective transporters, among which a novel pyrilamine-sensitive proton-coupled organic cation (H+/OC+) antiporter played a key role. Third, Solutol HS 15, polysorbate 40, and polysorbate 60 showed cis-inhibitory effects on the uptake of either pyrilamine (prototypical substrate of the pyrilamine-sensitive H+/OC+antiporter) or 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (substrate of traditional cation-selective transporters including OCTs, MATEs, PMAT, SERT, and THTR-2), indicating that their suppression on MTF uptake is due to the synergistic inhibition toward multiple influx transporters. Finally, the pH-dependent mouse intestinal absorption of MTF was significantly decreased by Solutol HS 15, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, and pyrilamine. In conclusion, this study revealed that a novel transport process mediated by the pyrilamine-sensitive H+/OC+antiporter contributes to the intestinal absorption of MTF in conjunction with the traditional cation-selective transporters. Mechanistic understanding of the interaction of excipients with cation-selective transporters can improve the formulation design and clinical application of cationic drugs.