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Abstract: With regard to target detection in high resolution panorama images attained by circumferential scan Infrared Search and Tracking system, a rough-to-meticulous real-time target detection algorithm is proposed based on analysis of characteristics of targets and background. In the rough detection phase, it attains initial high rate target detection by quick real-time algorithm, based on the gray high frequency and movement characteristics of the target in the whole panorama image. In the meticulous detection phase, focusing on the detected suspected target sliced images, it has further delicate detection and recognition on the basis of targets’ characteristics to exclude those false jamming. The detection result of the test images shows, the algorithm enables stable detection with low-rate false alarm for distant dim small targets, and has been applied to the development of engineering sample of the Panorama Infrared Search and Tracking system. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]