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With the popularization and application of artificial intelligence technology in daily life, new ethical and moral problems constantly appear in human society. These ethical and moral problems have been associated with people's moral behavior and have become crucial issues. In traditional social situations, researches have proved that moral intensity affects people's moral behavior. However, in the context of applying artificial intelligence technology, the mechanism between moral intensity and moral behavior is unknown. Therefore, this study focuses on the relationship between moral intensity and moral behavior in the context of applying artificial intelligence technology, and introduces a new concept--technology moral sense (TMS) into the theoretical model. Research method: We set various situations of applying artificial intelligence technology and adopt the situational experiment method to analyze the relationship between moral intensity and moral behavior in different application scenarios. The results show that moral intensity has a significant influence on moral behavior, while the technology moral sense performs a mediating function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Left atrial enlargement and fibrosis have been linked to the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). The authors aimed to introduce a novel concept and develop a new procedure for AF treatment based on these characteristics. Methods: The study included three stages. The first stage was a descriptive study to clarify the characteristics of the left atrial enlargement and fibrosis' distribution in patients with mitral valve disease and long-standing persistent AF. Based on these characteristics, the authors introduced a novel concept for AF treatment, and then translated it into a new procedure. The second stage was a proof-of-concept study with this new procedure. The third stage was a comparative effectiveness research to compare the clinical outcomes between patients with this new procedure and those who received Cox-Maze IV treatment. Results: Based on the nonuniform fashion of left atrial enlargement and fibrosis' distribution, the authors introduced a novel concept: reconstructing a left atrium with appropriate geometry and uniform fibrosis' distribution for proper cardiac conduction, and translated it into a new procedure: left atrial geometric volume reduction combined with left appendage base closure. As compared to the Cox-Maze IV procedure, the new procedure spent significantly shorter total surgery time, cardiopulmonary bypass time, and aortic cross-clamp time (P<0.001). Besides, the new procedure was related to a shorter ICU stay period (odd ratio (OR)=0.45, 95% CI=0.26-0.78), lower costs (OR=0.15, 95% CI=0.08-0.29), and a higher rate of A wave of transmitral and transtricuspid flow reappearance (OR=1.76, 95% CI=1.02-3.04). Conclusions: The new procedure is safe and effective for eliminating AF associated with mitral valve disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different teaching and interaction methods applied by teachers in the virtual teaching environment will lead to certain differences in the characteristics of their teaching behaviors. An in-depth understanding of the teaching behavior characteristics of teachers in virtual digital graphic design teaching and the influencing factors to the teacher-student interaction effect can help different types of teachers cater to students' extensive needs in learning digital graphic design skills. This paper studies the optimization of teachers' teaching behaviors in the virtual teaching environment of digital graphic design. Firstly, the problems existing in the application of virtual reality technology in digital graphic design teaching were summarized, a structural model for the virtual teaching environment of digital graphic design was constructed, and the optimization of teachers' teaching behaviors under the virtual teaching environment of digital graphic design was quantified based on the LDA model. An effect model for teachers' teaching behaviors was constructed, and through analysis of the evaluation results of students on the virtual digital graphic design teaching effect of teachers, the effectiveness indicator of teachers' teaching behavior decisions was obtained. The experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium-rich ternary cathode material Li1.2Ni0.13Co0.13Mn0.54O2 materials have been successfully prepared via co-precipitation method, followed by a high-temperature solid state process. The chemical component, crystal structure and morphology, surface valence states are conducted by ICP, XRD refinement, FESEM and XPS analysis. Electrochemical properties and Li+ diffusion behavior have been extensively studied. The Rietveld refinement results reveal that the c/a ratio increases induced by K+ doping. Electrochemical studies indicate that the reasonable amount of K+-doped material exhibits the better cycling stability and rate performance. The study indicates that K+ doping hinders the lithium ions migration, thus excesses of K+ doping leads to the cycling stability and rate performance degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater treatment process can produce a large amount of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is an important source of carbon emissions. Generally the carbon emissions of the sewage industry accounted for ' - 2% of the total social emissions, so it's necessary to work on reducing carbon emissions immediately and comprehensively. Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR) is widely used as a kind of effective nitrogen and phosphorus removal process. The objective of this paper is to assess the N2O emission and treatment efficiency at different carbon/nitrogen (C/N) ratios. The COD removal increased slowly and then decreased with the increase of C/N which was above 84%. When the C/N ratio was from 2.5 to 4.5, the NH4+-N concentration decreased rapidly from 13.62mg/L to 7.09mg/L. The TN removal was mainly concentrated in the anoxic zone and most of the degradation of TN was completed in the first one hour during the anoxic process, accounting for more than 66% of the total removal rate. The N2O cumulative emission rate and the N2O conversion rate were 0.70mg and 3.91mg, 1.14% and 6.94% that had a difference of 5.08 times, respectively. It was more reasonable to control the influent C/N ratio at 6.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cu-8wt%Ag alloy was prepared by two kinds of preparation techniques, namely continuous casting + cold wire-drawing deformation preparation (CC + CD) and continuous casting + equal channel angular pressing + cold wire-drawing deformation preparation (CC + ECAP + CD), and subsequently the aging treatment was performed. We measured the mechanical property and the electrical property of the Cu-8wt%Ag alloy with different strains, explored the changing rules of the microstructure, the mechanical property and the electrical property by different preparation techniques. Then we analyzed the changing reasons of performance and discussed whether the better comprehensive performance could be acquired by combining the ECAP with the traditional cold-processing. The results show that the comprehensive performance of the Cu-8wt%Ag alloy prepared by CC + ECAP + CD is a little better than that by CC + CD. It is significant and valuable to solve the waxing and waning problem between the high strength and high conductivity of the Cu-Ag alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrotransposons are major components of the genomes of most eukaryotic organisms and have resulted in the introduction of desirable traits in many crops, including fruit trees. Here, we describe a Ty3-gypsy-like retrotransposon associated with a short-catkin mutant in Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima), resulting in catkins that are < 20% the length of normal staminate catkins. A partial sequence of the retrotransposon, named CmRT1, detected by amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis, and its complete sequence were determined from the genome of Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima) using improved Tail-PCR. CmRT1 was 10,067 bp in length and shared high homology in its predicted amino acid sequence and motifs with other Ty3/gypsy-like retrotransposons. The 5' long terminal repeat (LTR) of CmRT1 contained a TATA box and several m-elements that were predicted to be important for processes involving abscisic acid, gibberellic acid, and auxins and in stress-mediated responses. Further characterisation of the transposition event that led to the short-catkin phenotype was performed using two pairs of primers that aligned with the flanking region of the LTRs. The expected PCR bands were observed only in genomic DNA from plants that showed the mutation. Finally, cloning and real-time qPCR analysis of an NADP-dependent alkenal double-bond reductase (CmADBR) target gene that was adjacent to CmRT1, revealed that CmADBR expression was significantly down-regulated in the short-catkin mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that the CmRT1 retrotransposon is responsible for the short-catkin phenotype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Studies showed elastic stable intramedullary nailing (ESIN) of displaced midclavicular fractures has excellent outcomes, as well as high complication rates and specific problems. The aim was to discuss ESIN of midshaft clavicular fractures.Methods: Totally 60 eligible patients (aged 18-63 years) were randomized to either ESIN group or non-operative group between January 2007 and May 2008. Clavicular shortening was measured after trauma and osseous consolidation. Radiographic union and complications were assessed. Function analysis including Constant shoulder scores and disabilities of the arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) scores were performed after a 15-month follow-up.Results: ESIN led to a signifcantly shorter time to union, especially for simple fractures. In ESIN group, all patients got fracture union, of which 5 cases had medial skin irritation and 1 patient needed revision surgery because of implant failure. In the nonoperative group, there were 3 nonunion cases and 2 symptomatic malunions developed requiring corrective osteotomy. At 15 months after intramedullary stabilization, patients in the ESIN group were more satisfied with the appearance of the shoulder and overall outcome, and they benefited a lot from the great improvement of post-traumatic clavicular shortening. Furthermore, DASH scores were lower and Constant scores were significantly higher in contrast to the non-operative group.Conclusion: ESIN is a safe minimally invasive surgical technique with lower complication rate, faster return to daily activities, excellent cosmetic and better functional results, restoration of clavicular length for treating mid-shaft clavicular fractures, resulting in high overall satisfaction, which can be regard as an alternative to plate fixation or nonoperative treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro and in vivo osteogenic capability of adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs).Methods: ASCs were isolated from New Zealand white rabbits and determined by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining. Some specific markers of osteogenic differentiation, including ALP, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN) were examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In vivo, demineralized bone matrix (DBM)-ASCs composites were implanted into the rabbit calvarial defects created at each side of the longitudinal midline. After 6 weeks, histologic properties of the transplants were analyzed.Results: ASCs were successfully induced into osteogenesis. ALP staining, von Kossa staining and alizarin red staining showed positive results. The expressions of ALP, OCN and OPN were detected in ASCs after cultivation in osteogenic medium. Extensive new bone was observed in the defects transplanted with DBM-ASCs composites.Conclusion: ASCs have the potential to differentiate into osteogenic lineage and DBM-ASCs constructs are a promising method for regeneration in bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Originally identified as factors affecting Drosophila embryogenesis, the Hedgehog (Hh) pathway is one of the primary signaling systems that specify patterns of cell growth and differentiation during vertebrate development. Mutations in various components of this pathway frequently occur in tumors originated from the skin, cerebellum, and skeletal muscle, and abnormal pathway activity is associated with a subset of lung, digestive tract, pancreatic, and prostate cancers. Because of these potent biological activities, this pathway is negatively regulated at multiple levels to ensure appropriate signaling responses. Suppressor of fused (Sufu) is one such negative regulator of Hh signaling. Although not essential in Drosophila, Sufu is absolutely required for mouse embryonic development. Mutations of Sufu are associated with a childhood brain tumor in human and an increased susceptibility to the same type of cancer in the TP53 null background in mice, and RNAi‐mediated silencing of Sufu is sufficient to activate the Hh signaling in cultured fibroblasts. All these data point to a central role of Sufu in controlling the vertebrate Hh signaling pathway; however, for years what exactly Sufu does in the Hh pathway and what controls its activity remains a deep mystery. This chapter will go over all studies curated in the PubMed database with Sufu as a main subject during the past 17 years, and attempt to provide a balanced view on Sufu gene and protein structure, activities in Drosophila as well as mammalian development, and its involvement in cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Many historical facts were clarified thanks to the scholar Chen Yinke who did a detailed textual research in his Anecdotal Biography of Liu Rushi on the love between Chen Zilong, a noted writer in the late Ming Dynasty and Liu Rushi, a prostitute noted for her beauty and literary talent. But it is necessary to make some supplements and corrections regarding the love between Chen and Liu, due to an increase in related material these years. This paper will discuss the case further from studying Chen Zitong's collection of ci-poems (or lyric poems) entitled Jianglijian. (A)Some of the lyric poems cited in the Anecdotal Biography of Liu Rushi are not involved with the Chen-Liu love, and some are not directly related to it either. Special attention should be paid to seven lyric poems collected in Xiangzhenge Cungao. Because Xiangzhenge Cungao was prepared much later than the year when Liu got married, the seven poems Chen Yinke cited in his Anecdotal Biography have nothing to do with the Chen-Liu Love. It is true of some of the poems from the collection Jianglijian. For example, the poem entitled The Beauty to the tune of Yuhudie (Jade Butterfly). (B)The Cold Food Day (around April 5, the Qingming Festival) in 1635 is the exact day that Chen Zilong finished with Liu Rushi. Despite Chen Yinke's argument that Chen ended a relationship with Liu in the summer of 1635, the author of the paper based her conclusion on the study of Chen Zilong's two lyric poems (Cold Food Day to the tune of Mulanhualing and Cold Food Day to the tune of Mushanxi) and one pentasyllabic regulated poem (Guijia Yuezhong Ti Tingqian Jiangtao)(C)The very important historical fact has been verified that Chen Zilong and Liu Rushi did not finish their relationship until 1637 Regarding the Anecdotal Biography whose chapter three cited a passage from Li Wen's letter Yuwozishu that mentioned the fact. Chen Yinke held that the year Li wrote the letter was 1633, while the author argues that it is 1637. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mild water stress significantly induced the accumulation of betaine in the leaves of young pear plants (Pyrus bretschneideri Rehd. ’Suly’). The betaine induced by water stress in mature leaves was maintained for about two weeks of re-watering after water stress, and gradually declined two weeks after the relief of water stress, dropping to the normal level one month later. Exogenously foliar-applied betaine slightly improved the shoot growth and the ability of the leaves to resist dehydration, alleviated wilting of leaves under water stress, and promoted recovery of leaves from wilting after re-watering. These findings indicate that the accumulated betaine induced by water stress was associated with drought tolerance in pear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]