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Command and control networks(C2N) exhibit evident multi-network interdependencies owing to their complex hierarchical associations, interleaved communication links, and dynamic network changes. However, the existing command and control networks do not consider the effects of dependent nodes on the load distribution. Thus, we proposed a command and control networks load allocation strategy based on interdependence strength. First, a new measure of interdependence strength was proposed based on the edge betweenness, which was followed by proposing the inter-layer load allocation strategy based on the interdependence strength. Eventually, the simulation experiments of the aforementioned strategy were designed to analyze the network invulnerability with different initial load capacity parameters, allocation model parameters, and allocation strategies. The simulation indicates that the strategy proposed in this study improved the node survival rate of the interdependent command and control networks model and successfully prevented cascade failures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the logarithmic mean Divisia index method, this paper decomposes changes in China's agricultural nonpoint source pollution into five factors: emission intensity, production scale, labor intensification, urbanization, and population-scale factors. Moreover, we further explore the contribution of each factor at different agricultural policy stages and the impact of subsidies on emissions. Our main findings show that emission intensity is the main restraining factor of pollution, while production scale plays the greatest effect on aggravating loads. The incentive effect of agricultural subsidies reduces emissions, but the expansion of government fiscal expenditures will lead to an increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a deadlock prevention policy for flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs) based on a think-globally-act-locally approach and a structurally minimal method. First, by using the think-globally-act-locally approach, a global idle place is temporarily added to a Petri net model with deadlocks. Then, at each iteration, an integer linear programming problem is formulated to design a minimal number of maximally permissive control places. Therefore, a supervisor with a low structural complexity is obtained since the number of control places is greatly compressed. Finally, by adding the designed supervisor, the resulting net model is optimally or near-optimally controlled. Three examples from the literature are used to illustrate the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The potential effect of alcohol or tea intake on the risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains controversial. Methods: In a population-based case-control study in southern China, we assessed alcohol or tea intake from 2,441 histopathologically confirmed NPC cases and 2,546 controls. We calculated mean daily ethanol (g/day) and tea intake (mL/day). Fully adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using logistic regression; potential dose-response trends were evaluated using restricted cubic spline analysis. Results: Compared with nondrinkers, no significantly increased NPC risk in men was observed among current alcohol drinkers overall (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.93-1.25), nor among current heavy drinkers (OR for =90 g/day ethanol vs. none, 1.32; 95% CI, 0.95-1.84) or former alcohol drinkers. Current tea drinking was associated with a decreased NPC risk (OR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.64-0.84). Compared with never drinkers, those with the low first three quintiles of mean daily current intake of tea were at significantly lower NPC risk (OR, 0.53, 0.68, and 0.65, respectively), but not significant for the next two quintiles. Current daily tea intake had a significant nonlinear dose-response relation with NPC risk. Conclusions: Our study suggests no significant association between alcohol and NPC risk. Tea drinking may moderately reduce NPC risk, but the lack of a monotonic dose-response association complicates causal inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The association between oral health and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is largely unknown. Further understanding could shed light on potential pathogenic mechanisms and preventive measures. Methods: We conducted a population-based case-control study in southern China between 2010 and 2014. We enrolled 2,528 incidentNPCcases, aged 20-74 years, and 2,596 controls, randomly selected from the total population registers, with frequency matching to the 5-year age and sex distribution of the cases by geographic region. We interviewed subjects using a structured questionnaire inquiring about oral health indicators and potential confounding factors. We used unconditional logistic regression to estimate multivariate- adjusted ORs with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: A higher number of filled teeth was associated with an elevated risk of NPC. Individuals with 1 to 3 and more than 3 teeth filled versus none had adjusted ORs of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.06-1.49) and 1.55 (95% CI, 1.13-2.12), respectively (Ptrend = 0.002). Conversely, the adjusted OR for those who brushed teeth twice or more per day versus once or less per day was 0.62 (95% CI, 0.55-0.70). We detected a borderline significant positive association with earlier age at first adult tooth loss. Conclusion: Our study suggested a positive association between some indicators of poor oral health and risk of NPC. Further studies are needed to confirm whether the findings are causal and, if so, to further explain the underlying mechanisms. Impact: Improvement of oral hygiene might contribute to reducing NPC risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]