Search

To investigate the associations of ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs) with all-cause mortality among former and current smokers compared with never smokers. A total of 378,147 participants [mean age (SD) years: 56.3 (8.1); 47.2 % men] were included from the UK Biobank cohort. The ICVHMs were combined Life's simple 7 from the American Heart Association and sleep duration time. The association was explored using COX regression models. During a median follow-up of 13.3 years, we documented 24,594 deaths. Compared with never smokers, among former smokers, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for all-cause mortality was 1.82 (95%CI 1.71–1.92) for participants who had ≤2 ICVHMs and 1.03 (0.97–1.10) for participants who had ≥6 ICVHMs; among current smokers, the HRs for mortality were 2.74 (2.60–2.89) and 2.18 (1.78–2.67). The phenomenon was more pronounced among participants younger than 60 years [HR (95%CI), 1.82 (1.71–1.95) for ≤2 ICVHMs vs 1.04 (0.96–1.12) for ≥6 ICVHMs with age ≥60 years and 1.83 (1.62–2.06) vs 0.98 (0.88–1.11) with age <60 years among former smokers; 2.66 (2.49–2.85) vs 2.44 (1.84–3.24) with age ≥60 years and 2.85 (2.62–3.10) vs 1.96 (1.47–2.61) with age <60 years among current smokers]. In addition, the HR for mortality of each 1-number increment in ICVHMs was 0.87 (0.86–0.89) among former smokers and 0.91 (0.89–0.94) among current smokers. Our findings indicated the importance of adherence to have more ICVHMs in the mortality risk among former smokers, and priority of smoking cessation in current smokers. Studies have found that former smokers still have higher risks of lung cancer and all-cause mortality than never-smokers. The next question is whether the effects of previous or current smoking could be ameliorated by eight ideal cardiovascular health metrics (ICVHMs). We aim to explore whether ICVHMs may counteract the risk of all-cause mortality among former and current smokers. The results showed that only former smokers with ≥6 ICVHMs exhibited a comparable risk of all-cause mortality with never smokers. Furthermore, current smokers even having ≥6 ICVHMs still exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smokers. • Only former smokers with ≥6 ICVHMs exhibited a comparable risk of all-cause mortality with never smokers. • Current smokers even having ≥6 ICVHMs still exhibited a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared with never smokers. • Participants younger than 60 years showed a more significant reduction in the risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicting evidence exists on the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and serum uric acid (SUA), and importantly, the causal role of BMI in SUA remains unclear. We aimed to evaluate the BMI-SUA relationship and its causality among Chinese adults using observational and Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses. Study included 6641 adults from East China. A genetic risk score based on 14 BMI-associated East Asian variants was formulated. One-sample MR and non-linear MR analyses assessed the causal link between BMI_GRS and SUA levels. Mean BMI levels were 24.8 (SD 3.4) and 24.3 (SD 3.6) kg/m2 in men and women, respectively. Spline models revealed gender-specific BMI-SUA associations: a reverse J-shape for men and a J-shape for women (P-values for nonlinearity <0.05). In men, BMI showed a positive correlation with SUA levels when BMI was below 29.6 kg/m2 (beta coefficient 19.1 [95 % CI 15.1, 23.0] μmol/L per 1-SD increase in BMI), while in women, BMI exhibited a negative correlation with SUA levels when the BMI was less than 21.7 kg/m2 (beta coefficient −12.9 [95 % CI -21.6, −4.1] μmol/L) and a positive correlation when BMI exceeded 21.7 kg/m2 (beta coefficient 13.3 [95 % CI 10.9, 15.8] μmol/L). Furthermore, MR analysis suggested non-linear BMI-SUA link in women but not men. Our study indicates a non-linear correlation between BMI and SUA in both genders. It is noteworthy that in women, this correlation may have a causal nature. Nevertheless, further longitudinal investigations are required to authenticate our findings. • We observed a reverse J-shaped relationship between BMI and serum uric acid for men and a J-shaped relationship for women. • MR analyses confirmed nonlinearity between genetically predicted BMI and serum uric acid in women but not in men. • Our findings provide novel insight into the sex-dependent effect of BMI on the risk of hyperuricemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Hospitalized patients with Omicron infection revealed a mild severity of disease. • The in-hospital outcomes were affected by vaccination status and morbidity condition. • Severe outcomes concentrated in the elderly who were unvaccinated or had comorbidity. • Unvaccinated patients had a lower negative conversion rate than vaccinated patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: An association between sweetened beverages and several cardiometabolic diseases has been reported, but their association with atrial fibrillation (AF) is unclear. We aimed to investigate the associations between consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), and pure fruit juice (PJ) and risk of consumption with AF risk and further evaluate whether genetic susceptibility modifies these associations. METHODS: A total of 201 856 participants who were free of baseline AF, had genetic data available, and completed a 24-hour diet questionnaire were included. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: During a median follow-up of 9.9 years, 9362 incident AF cases were documented. Compared with nonconsumers, individuals who consumed >2 L/wk of SSB or ASB had an increased risk of AF (HR, 1.10 [95% CI, 1.01–1.20] and HR, 1.20 [95% CI, 1.10–1.31]) in the multivariable-adjusted model. A negative association was observed between the consumption of ≤1 L/wk of PJ and the risk of AF (HR, 0.92 [95% CI, 0.87–0.97]). The highest HRs (95% CIs) of AF were observed for participants at high genetic risk who consumed >2 L/wk of ASB (HR, 3.51 [95% CI, 2.94–4.19]), and the lowest HR were observed for those at low genetic risk who consumed ≤1 L/wk of PJ (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.65–0.92]). No significant interactions were observed between the consumption of SSB, ASB, or PJ and genetic predisposition to AF. CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of SSB and ASB at >2 L/wk was associated with an increased risk for AF. PJ consumption ≤1 L/wk was associated with a modestly lower risk for AF. The association between sweetened beverages and AF risk persisted after adjustment for genetic susceptibility to AF. This study does not demonstrate that consumption of SSB and ASB alters AF risk but rather that the consumption of SSB and ASB may predict AF risk beyond traditional risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) consumption represents a major route for the exposure to cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) in many countries. Two varieties of rice that were grown in soils contaminated with Cd and As were evaluated for the accumulation of these toxins in rice grains and the risks of exposure of local residents to Cd and As when treated with different amounts of silkworm excrement and types of water management. Silkworm excrement, water management and the variety of rice significantly affected the accumulation of Cd and As in rice. The combination of multiple measures can be more effective at reducing heavy metals than the use of single measure, i.e., silkworm excrement management, water management, and the selection of low accumulation variety. The use of a variety that accumulates low amounts of Cd combined with 1% silkworm excrement management can effectively increase the soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC) and decrease the contents of soil available Cd and the transfer coefficients of Cd in rice, subsequently reducing the concentrations of Cd in rice grains and lowering the health risks of the intake of Cd. Similarly, the use of a conventional rice variety combined with alternating periods of drying and wetting in the three weeks before and after the heading stage decreased the contents of soil available As and the transfer coefficient of As in rice, subsequently reducing the accumulation of As in the grains and lowering the health risk of the intake of As. The significantly lower concentrations of Cd and As in rice grains and the risk of intake of Cd and As from rice was observed using a conventional rice variety combined with alternating drying-wetting in the three weeks before and after the heading stage and 1% silkworm excrement management. Thus, the combination of multiple measures in the coexistence of Cd and As in contaminated soils can be a promising strategy to avoid serious health risks and ensure the safety of food for local residents. • Single application of silkworm excrement only reduced grain Cd accumulation. • Drying-wetting alternation at heading stage reduced As accumulation in rice grains. • The multiple measures achieved better effect of reducing Cd, As than single measure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]