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In recent decades, there has been considerable interest in investigating advanced energetic materials characterized by high stability and favorable energetic properties. Nevertheless, reconciling the conflicting balance between high energy and the insensitivity of such materials through traditional approaches, which involve integrating fuel frameworks and oxidizing groups into an organic molecule, presents significant challenges. In this study, we employed a promising method to fabricate high-energy-density materials (HEDMs) through the intermolecular assembly of variously substituted purines with a high-energy oxidant. Purines are abundant in nature and are readily available. A series of advanced energetic materials with a good balance between energy and sensitivity were prepared by the simple and effective self-assembly of purines with high-energy oxidants. Notably, these compounds exhibit incredibly improved crystal densities (1.80–2.00 g·cm–3) and good detonation performance (D: 7072–8358 m·s–1; P: 19.82–34.56 GPa). In comparison to RDX, these self-assembled energetic materials exhibit reduced mechanical sensitivities and enhanced thermal stabilities. Compounds 1–5demonstrate both high energy and low sensitivity, indicating that self-assembly represents a straightforward and effective approach for developing advanced energetic materials with a balanced combination of energy and safety. Moreover, this study offers an avenue for synthesizing energetic materials based on naturally occurring compounds assembled through intermolecular attractions, thereby achieving a balance between energy and sensitivity along with versatile functionality.

This work achieves high-performance Sn-based anode by the synergistic effect of carbon nanotubes and porous amorphous carbon layer to limit the volumetric expansion of SnS2and prevent its detachment.

The construction and design of pyrotechnics with superior performance is not only a task of great significance but also a tremendous challenge. In this regard, we present the syntheses of novel green primary colors pyrotechnics (red, green, and blue light-generating pyrotechnics) by employing 4-chloro-3,5-dinitropyrazole (CDNP) as a multifunctional raw material. CDNP contains a flame enhancer, oxygen-rich functional group, and nitrogen heterocyclic combustibles, which contribute to the high performance of the pyrotechnics. The characteristic elements (strontium, barium, and copper) that impart color to the flame are combined with the CDNP to synthesize the primary colors pyrotechnics by an “all-in-one” strategy. The structures of three energetic metal salts (EMS-1, EMS-2, and EMS-3) are completely characterized, and their thermal stability, sensitivity, ignition performance, and color purity are systematically evaluated. All EMSs show excellent thermal stability and low mechanical sensitivities (>330 °C, >40 J, >360 N). Moreover, the EMSs demonstrate successful ignition and combustion under laser conditions and roasting test conditions, producing bright characteristic flames. Chromaticity analysis reveals that the three EMSs possess good color purities of 91, 80, and 70%, respectively. Consequently, the three integrated pyrotechnics exhibit exceptional combustion properties, highlighting their potential for use in various pyrotechnic applications.

• A high-tortuosity holey graphene was successfully prepared based on the unique flake structure and chemical composition of cytomembrane and cytoderm. • Benefiting from the unique nanoholes shortening the ion-diffusion length, the synergy of wrinkled and holey structure stabilizing volume fluctuation, the enhanced electronic conductivity and specific surface area. • The anode achieves excellent reversible capacity, and exceptional rate capability with an ultra-long cycle lifespan in PIBs. • The anode exhibits a high energy density as well as considerable cycling stability for potassium-ion full cells. The sluggish K+ kinetics and structural instability of the generally-used graphite and other carbon-based materials hinder the development of potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) for high-rate capability and long-term cycling. Herein, inspired by the unique flake structure and chemical composition of cytomembrane and cytoderm, we design high-tortuosity holey graphene as a highly efficient anode for PIBs. The flake cytomembrane and cytoderm shrink into wrinkled morphology during drying and sintering and then convert into high-tortuosity graphene after oxidative exfoliating and thermal reducing process. Meanwhile, the proteins, sugars, and glycolipids embedded in cytomembrane and cytoderm can in-situ form nanoholes with highly abundant oxygenic groups and heteroatoms around, which can be easily removed and finally the high-tortuosity holey graphene is obtained after a thermal reducing process. The stress distribution after K+ intercalation confirms the optimized release of strain caused by the volume change through the finite element method. Benefiting from the unique nanoholes shortening the ion-diffusion length, the synergy of wrinkled and holey structure stabilizing volume fluctuation, and the enhanced electronic conductivity and specific surface area, the high-tortuosity holey graphene demonstrates high reversible capacities of 410 mAh g–1 at 25 mA g–1 after 150 cycles and retains 91.5% at 2 A g–1 after 2500 cycles. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing attention has been focused on potassium ion batteries (KIBs) as promising energy-storage system (ESS) owing to the abundance and low-cost of potassium resources. Here, SnS 2 /SnO 2 heterostructures were successfully fixed onto stainless steel mesh (SnS 2 /SnO 2 /SSM) through a facile two-step hydrothermal method and used as anodes for KIBs. Due to the advantages of SnS 2 /SnO 2 heterostructures and good conductivity of SSM substrate, the SnS 2 /SnO 2 /SSM anodes display enhanced electrochemical performance. The SnS 2 /SnO 2 /SSM anodes deliver specific capacity of 394 mA h g−1 at 50 mA g−1 over 100 cycles, better than SnO 2 /SSM. Even at 500 mA g-1 after 250 cycles, high capacity of 155 mA h g−1 can still be obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development and production of novel high-performing nitrogen-rich energetic compounds with a safe and environmentally friendly nature are significant in the pursuit of new-generation green energetic materials. Despite the growing interest in energetic cations in recent years, fused heterocyclic energetic cations have rarely been reported. In the following study, a series of energetic materials comprising purine compounds and oxidants were prepared using a significant noncovalent self-assembly method. Elemental analysis, mass spectrometry (MS), IR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize these synthesized compounds thoroughly. The structures of supramolecules (1–4) were further verified by employing the single-crystal X-ray diffraction technique, and standard BAM methods were used to determine the sensitivities. Furthermore, theoretical calculations and experimental data were used to elucidate the relationship between the structure and properties. Comprising several benefits such as simple and facile preparation, high yield, high density, superior thermostability, insensitive nature, and good detonation properties, the synthesized compounds are regarded as competitive green energetic materials.

Micro-structural evolution mechanisms of next-generation ultra-high-energy all-nitrogen materials under the extreme conditions of high temperature coupled with high pressure were revealed by state-of-the-art ab initio molecular dynamics studies based on highest-nitrogen-content energetic material 2,2′-azobis(5-azidotetrazole). The results indicate that there are three primary initial uni-molecular decomposition pathways, namely, tetrazole ring opening, azido group elimination, and the breaking of the N–N bond between the azo group and azidotetrazole. In complicated global decomposition reactions, there exists the formation of nitrogen-rich clusters and all-nitrogen species. Lowering the temperature or increasing the pressure is conducive to increasing the N content in the nitrogen-rich cluster and widening the time distribution for the cluster. Abundant all-nitrogen species N4, N5, N6, N7, N8, N9, N10, and N13were formed, and their detailed evolutionary process and construction mechanisms were enunciated. We innovatively constructed a series of next-generation ultra-high-energy all-nitrogen materials, which are expected to realize the controllable construction of next-generation ultra-high-energy all-nitrogen materials under extreme conditions.

Nanoleave-shaped copper oxide (CuONL) decorated multiple-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) composites have been prepared by a facile chemical precipitation method. The as-prepared nanocomposites show remarkable properties as a platform for glucose sensing.