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Although the quality of prenatal attachment is a strong predictor of the quality of postnatal mother-infant attachment and mother-child interaction, little is known about the specific impacts of maternal exposure to childhood traumas, and it deserves more attention. This study was conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between childhood traumas and pren1atal attachment levels. Prenatal attachment and childhood trauma were evaluated in 104 pregnant women using the Prenatal Attachment Scale and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Our results showed that all kinds of childhood traumatic experiences were associated with lower prenatal attachment scores. Also, more severe childhood traumas were strongly associated with weaker prenatal attachment. This study contributes to the very limited literature on the prenatal attachment of expectant mothers with childhood traumas by emphasizing the importance of pregnant women's exposure to childhood traumas as a risk factor for low prenatal attachment.

Several theories attempt to explain the pathophysiology of sudden hearing loss.

Due to its ever increasing popularity, Twitter has become a pervasive information outlet. In this paper, we present a passive sensing framework for identifying trends via Twitter. In our framework, we use a multi–dimensional corpus for fine–granularity sensing of trends, and employ both vector–space and set–space methods for achieving accuracy. We present two applications of our framework. The first one is sensing trends in public opinion by using an emotion–category corpus. The second application is sensing trends in location–types in a city by using a location–category corpus. Our experiments show that the proposed methods are able to determine changes in trends effectively in both application scenarios.

We conducted a prospective study to determine the incidence of middle ear barotrauma in patients who were undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT). We also investigated the value of the nine-step inflation/deflation test and otoscopic findings before and immediately after the initial HBOT session in predicting barotrauma in an attempt to establish some criteria for prophylaxis. The study was conducted on 36 ears of 18 adults who had no history of eustachian tube dysfunction. Patients were being treated with HBOT for sudden hearingloss, wound-healing complications, or complications of diabetes. After 7 days of HBOT, barotrauma was seen in 12 of the 18 patients (66.7%) and in 18 of the 36 ears (50.0%). The nine-step inflation/deflation tests, which were performed before and immediately after the initial HBOT session, were not predictive of barotrauma(p = 0.095 before andp = 0.099 after). However, otoscopic findings obtained immediately after the first session of HBOT were predictive of barotrauma, with a sensitivity and specificity of 83 and 100%, respectively. We conclude that patients with even minor positive pathologic findings on otoscopy immediately following HBOT are at increased risk of middle ear barotrauma if HBOT is to be continued without prophylaxis.

A 54-year-old male patient presented to our outpatient clinic complaining of a mass under his chin, which appeared nearly 1 year earlier. Pathologic diagnosis was atypical lipomatous tumor. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case to localize subcutaneously in the head and neck region. Atypical lipomatous tumors/well-differentiated liposarcomas are rarely reported in the head and neck. We review the clinical and management features of atypical lipomatous tumors.

In the treatment of head and neck cancers, the cochlea may be damaged if it is within the radiotherapy (RT) area; however, the severity and mechanism of such damage have yet to be clearly defined. The purpose of this study was to analyze the rates of early- and late-stage sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) in patients receiving RT due to head and neck cancer and to investigate the reliability of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) measurements and audiometric evaluation.

A meningoencephalocele is a herniation of meninges and brain out of the cranial fossa through a bony defect. Cerebrospinal fluid leakage may occur due to a defect in the wall of the meningoencephalocele. The defect may be traumatic, iatrogenic, or may appear spontaneously. In this report, the authors present an unrecognized transethmoidal meningoencephalocele that resulted in a cerebrospinal fluid leak during dacryocystorhinostomy.