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Purpose: This research aimed to improve the teaching quality of online classrooms and further enhance the performance of primary school teachers in online classrooms. Method: A survey was conducted on the teaching methods, teaching motivation, educational background, and teaching experience with a sample of 515 primary school teachers in online classrooms in China. Correlation analysis (Spearman's correlation coefficient) was used as the analysis process. Findings: (1) Teaching experience and educational background are positively correlated with most teaching methods. Some correlations are reflected in the use of teaching methods, while others are reflected in the mastery of teaching methods; (2) Teaching experience and educational background are positively correlated with most aspects of teaching motivation, focusing on competence and autonomy. But no positive correlation was found between educational background & teaching experience, respectively, and relatedness; (3) There is a strong positive correlation between teaching methods and teaching motivation, mainly focusing on competence and autonomy, while they don't have positive correlation in terms of relatedness. Implications for Research and practice: This study links educational psychology and teaching by studying teaching motivation and teaching methods, verifying the interrelationships among various dimensions of teachers in online classrooms, which has value and significance for subsequent research. The study recommends the improvement of teachers' educational background and teaching experience meaningfully, which will help them improve their teaching methods and teaching motivation in online classrooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Funerary jars called hunping were only produced within a short time frame (250s–320s ce) and in one specific region (southeastern China). Their function, the reason for their emergence, and the nature of their Buddha-like images have been controversial. By analyzing the basic structure and pictorial programs on hunping, this essay argues that they embody a binary structure comprising "heaven atop the axis mundi of Mount Kunlun" and the "underworld at the Yellow Springs." In the third century, beliefs about "binary souls" changed. People in the south started to believe that the spiritual soul of the deceased (hun), traditionally worshipped at a family shrine, could instead be buried in a tomb. Moreover, they also worried about the haunting by the ghosts turned from the bodily souls whose corpuses decomposed too fast. This essay considers hunping as vessels to send binary souls each to their own place, heaven or the underworld. To better preach Buddhism with the approach of "match meaning" (geyi), early clerics adapted the cosmological theme of heaven and axis mundi by associating Mount Kunlun with Mount Sumeru and the Chinese heaven with Trāyastrimsa. They peopled Mount Sumeru with Buddhist arhats to replace the immortals on Mount Kunlun. Most of the Buddha-like images that appear on hunping depict those arhats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies indicated that glucosamine supplements may have a general anticancer effect. This study aimed to assess whether the potential effect differs across different types of cancers in a large prospective cohort study. Methods: All participants from the UK Biobank who were free of cancers and had complete information on glucosamine use at baseline were included and followed up from 2006 until 2021. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the associations between regular glucosamine use and different site-specific cancers. Subgroup analyses were performed to explore potential interactions. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of the main findings. Results: A total of 450,207 eligible participants (mean age: 56.2 years; females: 53.3%) were included, of whom 84,895 (18.9%) reported regular glucosamine use at baseline. During a median of 12.5 years follow-up, glucosamine use was significantly associated with an increased risk of overall cancer [HR, 1.04; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.01-1.06], skin cancer (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.07-1.15), and prostate cancer (HR, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.01-1.13), and with a reduced risk of lung cancer (HR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.79-0.97) after adjusting for potential confounders. Statistical interaction was observed for gender, age, and education for the association of glucosamine use with overall cancer risk (all Pinteraction < 0.027). These results remained unchanged in the sensitivity analyses. Conclusions: Regular glucosamine use was associated with lower risk of lung cancer but higher risk of skin cancer, prostate cancer, and overall cancer. Impact: The roles of glucosamine use potentially differ in the development of different site-specific cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone metastatic breast cancer is a malignant tumor in bone due to the metastasis of breast cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Treatment of cancer metastasized to bone is still a challenge because of the anticancer drugs lack target specificity. Finding an effective treatment for bone metastasis remains an urgent issue. In order to enhance the delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) to the bone metastases lesions, a novel glucose derivative was designed and synthesized in this work, which was used as liposome ligand to develop the magnetic liposome G-MLip (Glucose-modified magnetic liposome). The liposome could improve the drug formulations in the bone metastases mediated by glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) and then target cancer cells. The PTX-loaded magnetic liposome PTX-G-MLip was prepared by the film hydration-ultrasound method. And the characterizations, such as size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release profile, stability, hemolysis, were well evaluated. What's more, the enhanced target ability was also investigated in vitro and in mice. The metastatic bone-targeted capacity was confirmed that the PTX concentration from PTX-G-MLip in the bone metastases lesions was markedly increased in the presence of magnetic field (MF) compared with the free PTX and other liposomes. Inspired by the enhanced targeting ability, glucose-modified magnetic liposomes could serve as an effective drug delivery system for targeting and treating bone metastases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Robust reversible watermarking has attracted widespread attention in the field of information hiding in recent years. It should not only have robustness against attacks in transmission but also meet the reversibility of distortion-free transmission. According to our best knowledge, the most recent robust reversible watermarking methods adopt a single image as the carrier, which might lead to low efficiency in terms of carrier utilization. To address the issue, a novel dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework is proposed in this paper to effectively utilize the correlation between both carriers (namely dual images) and thus improve the efficiency of carrier utilization. In the dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework, a two-layer robust watermarking mechanism is designed to further improve the algorithm performances, i.e., embedding capacity and robustness. In addition, an optimization model is built to determine the parameters. Finally, the proposed framework is applied in different domains (namely domain-independent), i.e., Slantlet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition domain, and Zernike moments, respectively to demonstrate its effectiveness and generality. Experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed dual-image robust reversible watermarking framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Naproxen, known as the most potent non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs, is vitally crucial in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. However, due to the poor brain penetration ability, it causes serious adverse effects with the therapeutic doses. Predictably, these unfavorable factors have hindered its further application. In this study, a novel brain-targeting conjugate, Nap-Pro, was designed and synthesized. The chemical stability and metabolic stability of this conjugate were determined in phosphate buffer, blood serum and brain homogenate, respectively. The cytotoxicity of Nap-Pro was evaluated in b End. 3 cells. In addition, the brain targeting capacity of Nap-Pro was also investigated in vivo. Importantly, Nap-Pro showed excellent capacity to cross the brain-blood barrier (BBB), suggesting probenecid was a super carrier that enhanced the delivery of drugs into brain. Collectively, the probenecid modification was a promising strategy to develop the novel drug delivery systems for brain targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antibody deficiency is a type of primary immunodeficiency that often manifests as primary hypogammaglobulinemia, with or without repeated infections. Although primary immunodeficiency appears to be contrary to autoimmunity, they usually occur simultaneously, and the specific pathogenesis remains unknown. We herein describe an adult patient with autoimmune manifestations and recurrent infections. The case was characterized by a sustained decrease in serum immunoglobulin A, accompanied by decreased T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, monocytes, and platelets in the peripheral blood and the presence of antinuclear and anti-SSA antibodies. Whole-exome sequencing for the patient revealed two spontaneous mutations in GATA2 (c.1084C>T) and STAT5B (c.1924A>C). This case report provides evidence that mutations in the GATA2 and STAT5B genes may be pathogenic in primary immunodeficiency and provides genetic evidence for the possible pathogenesis of primary immunodeficiency with autoimmune symptoms. However, further studies are needed to confirm the causal relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Low airway surface pH is associated with many airway diseases, impairs antimicrobial host defense, and worsens airway inflammation. Inhaled Optate is designed to safely raise airway surface pH and is well tolerated in humans. Raising intracellular pH partially prevents activation of SARS-CoV-2 in primary normal human airway epithelial (NHAE) cells, decreasing viral replication by several mechanisms. METHODS: We grew primary NHAE cells from healthy subjects, infected them with SARS-CoV-2 (isolate USA-WA1/2020), and used clinical Optate at concentrations used in humans in vivo to determine whether Optate would prevent viral infection and replication. Cells were pretreated with Optate or placebo prior to infection (multiplicity of infection = 1), and viral replication was determined with plaque assay and nucleocapsid (N) protein levels. Healthy human subjects also inhaled Optate as part of a Phase 2a safety trial. RESULTS: Optate almost completely prevented viral replication at each time point between 24 h and 120 h, relative to placebo, on both plaque assay and N protein expression (P < .001). Mechanistically, Optate inhibited expression of major endosomal trafficking genes and raised NHAE intracellular pH. Optate had no effect on NHAE cell viability at any time point. Inhaled Optate was well tolerated in 10 normal subjects, with no change in lung function, vital signs, or oxygenation. CONCLUSIONS: Inhaled Optate may be well suited for a clinical trial in patients with pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, it is vitally important for patient safety that formulations designed for inhalation with regard to pH, isotonicity, and osmolality be used. An inhalational treatment that safely prevents SARS-CoV-2 viral replication could be helpful for treating patients with pulmonary SARS-CoV-2 infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the joint connection of epoxy resin concrete truss structure is analyzed by computer simulation and ABAQUS finite element simulation. Figureon software is a set of powerful finite element software for engineering simulation that can solve problems ranging from relatively simple linear analysis to many complex nonlinear problems. It can analyze complex solid mechanics and structural mechanics systems, and it can especially handle very large and complex problems and simulate highly nonlinear problems. Fabricated joints are required for truss structure joints because the construction technology and the stress state of the truss structure are relatively complex. Through modeling multiple groups of joint models, the technical difficulties in establishing finite element models, the determination of grid division and boundary conditions, and the finite element analysis and result comparison of truss joints under various parameters are solved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, an explicit low-storage simplified M — stage Runge-Kutta (SRK) scheme for high Reynolds-number incompressible flows is presented. In the SRK scheme, the Poisson equation is solved only once in the final substage of each time step. By taking advantage of the SRK scheme and the advanced hybrid MPI+MPI model, we have developed an efficient parallel solver for buoyancy-driven turbulent flow. The spatial and temporal accuracies of the solver are validated with Taylor-Green vortex flow. Both the RK and SRK schemes are implemented for the simulation of turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection as well as Rayleigh-Taylor flow. The results show that the SRK scheme can save approximately 20% of the computation time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To address the problem of multi-classification of coastal water quality, this work envisioned the establishment of a multi-classification model of coastal water quality that uses an improved support vector machine. Inorganic nitrogen, active phosphate, chemical oxygen demand, pH, and dissolved oxygen were the input parameters of the model. The parameters of the support vector machine (SVM) model were optimized by cross-validation and the grid search optimization method, and the optimal parameters of the classifier were obtained. Subsequently, the KNN method was combined, and the optimized model was used to classify the water quality. The optimal parameters for the classifier were finally obtained. The experimental results showed that compared with SVM before optimization, the accuracy of the optimized model was improved by up to 10%, and the sample size was less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. There are two classes of lung cancer: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC). NSCLC represents approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIPs) are a class of inhibitors of programmed death-1 and programmed death-ligand 1. Preclinical studies have shown that ICIPs have shown good clinical efficacy and durable response in diverse cancers. Among them, atezolizumab (MPDL3280), an anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody, is being investigated as a potential therapy against solid tumors and hematologic malignancies in humans. Pseudoprogression is reported as one of the unique phenomena with immune therapeutic agents. Here we report case of a person with advanced NSCLC who developed pseudoprogression after receiving immunotherapy. We hope this case could help clinicians to make appropriate decision when assessing therapeutic effects of immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By using a back-pressure saturated, constant rate-of-strain consolidation device with bender elements (BP-CRS-BE), values of large-strain constrained modulus (M) and small-strain shear modulus (Gmax) were obtained from tests performed on kaolinite soil specimens. The methodology and procedures that were utilized to obtain values of M, Gmax, large-strain shear modulus (G), drained Poisson's ratio (ν), horizontal effective stress (σh'), vertical effective stress (σv'), specific volume (v), coefficient of lateral earth pressure during unloading (K0,UL), and drained friction angle (ϕ') are discussed herein. The following five observations were made. (1) The Gmax values increased with increasing values of σv' and decreased with increasing values of the overconsolidation ratio (OCR). (2) The Gmax values that were obtained by utilizing correlations and the large-strain BP-CRS-BE testing data (identified as GmaxCRS,p'), which were back-calculated by considering the modulus reduction, matched the Gmax values that were obtained from the bender element measurements within the BP-CRS-BE device (Gmax,BE). (3) The ν values increased with increasing σv' values but decreased with the increasing void ratio (e) values. (4) The K0,UL values increased with increasing OCR values. (5) The ϕ values that were calculated for the soil that was tested within the BP-CRS-BE device by using the K0,UL-OCR data that were obtained from the BP-CRS-BE device (21.2°, 16.0°, and 24.7°) were similar to the ϕ' values that were obtained from modified Mohr-Coulomb diagram from triaxial tests on the same soil (20.7°). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iron and zinc deficiencies affect human health globally, especially in developing countries. Agronomic biofortification, as a strategy for alleviating these issues, has been focused on small-scale field studies, and not widely applied while lacking of cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA).Objective: We conducted the CEA of agronomic biofortification, expressed as USD per disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) saved, to recommend a cost-effectiveness strategy that can be widely applied.Methods: The DALYs were applied to quantify the health burden due to Fe and/or Zn deficiency and health cost of agronomic biofortification via a single, dual, or triple foliar spray of Fe, Zn, and/or pesticide in 4 (northeast, central China, southeast, and southwest) major Chinese rice-based regions.Results: The current health burden by Fe or Zn malnutrition was 0.45 to 1.45 or 0.14 to 0.84 million DALYs for these 4 regions. Compared to traditional rice diets, the daily Fe and/or Zn intake from Fe and/or Zn-biofortified rice increased, and the health burden of Fe and/or Zn deficiency decreased by 28% and 48%, respectively. The cost of saving 1 DALYs ranged from US$376 to US$4989, US$194 to US$2730, and US$37.6 to US$530.1 for the single, dual, and triple foliar Fe, Zn, and/or pesticide application, respectively, due to a substantial decrease in labor costs by the latter 2 applications.Conclusions: Agronomic biofortification of rice with the triple foliar spray of Fe, Zn, and pesticide is a rapidly effective and cost-effectiveness pathway to alleviate Fe and Zn deficiency for rice-based dietary populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, two novel artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) structures are designed to realize 180 degrees of phase difference in a wideband frequency. These two AMC structures are encoded as unit "0 ''and unit "1 ", respectively. By using Simulated Annealing algorithm, the coding sequences o f the coding metasurface can be designed, so that the radar cross section (RCS) reduction can be realized as well. Compared with the metallic surface, the simulation and measurement results of this presented coding metasurface indicate that this coding metasurface can reduce RCS significantly under normally incident electromagnetic (EM) waves from 7 GHz to 20 GHz, so the bandwidth is 96.3%, and the RCS under obliquely incident waves also can be dramatically reduced as well. Furthermore, the RCS reduction of this coding metasurface is better than that of traditional chessboard surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation in caves is a general phenomenon. To better understand the specific process of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation, we inoculated Nocardia sp. strain SJJ-8-7 and strain SJJ-8-7 mixed with unidentified strain SJJ-2-3(the mixed strain) to experimental system of simulation drip water. Strain SJJ-8-7 and strain SJJ-2-3 were isolated from Shijiangjun cave, a karst cave in Guizhou Province of southwestern China. Strain SJJ-8-7 and the mixed strain were cultured in B-4C medium (improved from B-4 medium with 1:2 Mg/Ca mass ratio) and D-4 medium (similar B-4C medium without yeast extract). Experiments of simulation drip water were monitoring with a duration of 34 days. The temporal variations both of the Ca or Mg concentration of the mediums and the pH values of the mediums were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) and a pH meter, respectively. The composition of mineral elements, crystal characteristics and carbon isotope information of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation were detected. The results demonstrated that strain SJJ-8-7 and the mixed strain would have greatly promoted the pH value of the liquid medium along with the growth and reproduction of the bacteria till 8th day. Then tends to a stable value. The Ca concentration of the solution gradually decreased down to minimum until the 15th day. Thus, Ca will be a large number of removal with the pH value of a substantial increase, thereby promoting the occurrence of deposition. Mg did not change with the regularity. This suggested that it is a physiological adaptation of bacteria removal toxic Ca by mineralization, but it is an inevitable choice in Carich oligotrophic karst caves. The crystals of the bacterial sediments are calcite in the experiments system of simulation drip water. The precipitates of a variety of morphological features including spherical and rhombic, rod, ellipsoid and irregular forms were greatly observed in the microbial systems by scanning electronic microscopy but not in the chemical system. There were some bacterial-like escape pores in the crystal of microbial precipitation. Furthermore, the microbial sediments have more negative carbon isotope information than the cave secondary deposits, while the microbial sediments under the dynamic simulation system have more negative carbon isotope information than understanding culture. We suggested that bacterial induceed carbonate precipitation which may provide a new way to explain the abnormal distribution of carbon isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation in caves is a general phenomenon. To better understand the specific process of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation, we inoculated Nocardia sp. strain SJJ-8-7 and strain SJJ-8-7 mixed with unidentified strain SJJ-2-3(the mixed strain) to experimental system of simulation drip water. Strain SJJ-8-7 and strain SJJ- 2-3 were isolated from Shijiangjun cave, a karst cave in Guizhou Province of southwestern China. Strain SJJ-8-7 and the mixed strain were cultured in B-4C medium (improved from B-4 medium with 1:2 Mg/Ca mass ratio) and D-4 medium (similar B-4C medium without yeast extract). Experiments of simulation drip water were monitoring with a duration of 34 days. The temporal variations both of the Ca or Mg concentration of the mediums and the pH values of the mediums were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICPOES) and a pH meter, respectively. The composition of mineral elements, crystal characteristics and carbon isotope information of bacterial calcium carbonate precipitation were detected. The results demonstrated that strain SJJ-8-7 and the mixed strain would have greatly promoted the pH value of the liquid medium along with the growth and reproduction of the bacteria till 8th day. Then tends to a stable value. The Ca concentration of the solution gradually decreased down to minimum until the 15th day. Thus, Ca will be a large number of removal with the pH value of a substantial increase, thereby promoting the occurrence of deposition. Mg did not change with the regularity. This suggested that it is a physiological adaptation of bacteria removal toxic Ca by mineralization, but it is an inevitable choice in Carich oligotrophic karst caves. The crystals of the bacterial sediments are calcite in the experiments system of simulation drip water. The precipitates of a variety of morphological features including spherical and rhombic, rod, ellipsoid and irregular forms were greatly observed in the microbial systems by scanning electronic microscopy but not in the chemical system. There were some bacterial-like escape pores in the crystal of microbial precipitation. Furthermore, the microbial sediments have more negative carbon isotope information than the cave secondary deposits, while the microbial sediments under the dynamic simulation system have more negative carbon isotope information than understanding culture. We suggested that bacterial induceed carbonate precipitation which may provide a new way to explain the abnormal distribution of carbon isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]