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To investigate the parallel-forms reliability, minimal detectable change with 95% confidence interval (MDC 95), and feasibility of the 4 telerehabilitation version mobility-related function scales: Fugl–Meyer Assessment-lower extremity subscale (Tele-FMA-LE), Berg Balance Scale (Tele-BBS), Tinetti Performance Oriented Mobility Assessment-Gait subscale (Tele-POMA-G), and Rivermead Mobility Index (Tele-RMI). Reliability and agreement study and cross-sectional study. Medical center. Stroke survivors' ability to independently walk 3 meters with assistive devices, age of ≥18 years for participants and their partners, stable physical condition, and absence of cognitive impairment (N=60). Not applicable. Parallel-forms reliability and MDC 95 of Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI. No significant differences (P >.05) were observed among the mean scores of the telerehabilitation version and face-to-face version mobility-related function scales. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) indicated good reliability for most scales, with Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, and Tele-RMI scores achieving values of 0.81, 0.78, and 0.84. Tele-POMA-G scores demonstrated moderate reliability (ICC=0.72). Weighted kappa (κw) showed good-to-excellent reliability for most individual items (κw>0.60). The MDCs of the Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI were 5.84, 8.10, 2.74, and 1.31, respectively. Bland–Altman analysis showed adequate agreement between tele-assessment and face-to-face assessment for all scales. The 5 dimensions affirm the robust feasibility of tele-assessment: assessment time, subjective fatigue perception, overall preference, participant satisfaction, and system usability. The study demonstrates good parallel-forms reliability, MDC, and promising feasibility of the 4 telerehabilitation version mobility-related function scales (Tele-FMA-LE, Tele-BBS, Tele-POMA-G, and Tele-RMI) in survivors of stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the value of preoperative indocyanine green (ICG) lymphography combined with ultrasonography for low-pressure vein localization in secondary lymphedema surgery for breast cancer. A total of 29 patients who were admitted to the breast surgery department of our hospital from July 2019 to May 2021 were included in this study. All patients received preoperative reverse lymphography and ultrasonography for low-pressure vein in lymphedema surgery. Three arm circumferences were measured before surgery, 6 months after surgery, and 12 months after surgery for comparison with the healthy limb at the same time. Arm circumference at 12 months after surgery was significantly different from those at the preoperative period and 6 months after surgery (P < 0.05). However, this parameter after surgery was still significantly higher than that of the healthy limb (P < 0.05). The application of preoperative ICG lymphography combined with ultrasonography for low-pressure vein localization before surgery can greatly shorten operation duration by reducing the number of ineffective incisions and improving the probability of vein-lymphatic vessel matching, while ensuring the postoperative efficacy for patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Biliary atresia is a rare and serious neonatal disease that affects the quality of life of both infants and parents. There is currently limited literature on the experiences of parents with infants diagnosed with biliary atresia. Purpose: To explore the psychological journey and coping styles of parents of infants with biliary atresia in a single center in Shanghai, China. Methods: A qualitative study design was used. Face-to-face and semistructured interviews were conducted with 10 parents of infants with biliary atresia. Colaizzi’s method of data analysis was utilized, using NVivo 11.0 software. Results: The psychological journey and coping styles of parents could be divided into 4 stages. Different themes were extracted at different stages: before diagnosis, parents experienced complex emotions and actively sought treatment; at the diagnosis stage, negative emotions dominated and parents convinced themselves to accept reality; in the postop- erative stage, positive emotions, accepting reality, active response, and the need to learn to take care of their infant gradually appeared; and at the discharge stage, parents accepted the coexistence of positive and negative emotions and the variety of needs that emerged. Implications for Practice: The findings of the study may help healthcare professionals identify and focus on the psychological needs of parents of infants with biliary atresia, leading them to implement effective coping strategies to increase the caregiving ability of parents. Implications for Research: Future research should explore the effects of supportive interventions for parents of infants with serious chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acquired brain injury (ABI) in children and adolescents can lead to motor and executive impairments that often require long-term treatment. The implementation of web-based telerehabilitation therapy at home is a method to improve the functional status of patients. Therefore, we performed a systematic review of the effects of web-based telerehabilitation programs on functional outcomes in children and adolescents with brain injury and supplemented the findings with a meta-analysis. Objective: This study evaluated the therapeutic effect of web-based telerehabilitation training on children and adolescents with brain injury to determine whether web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, executive function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, hand and upper limb function, visual processing skills, and occupational functional performance in children and adolescents with brain injury. Methods: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomized controlled trials on web-based telerehabilitation programs in children and adolescents with brain injury until December 2022, and the risk of bias was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration Tool. Relevant data were extracted, and a meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Results: Overall, 17 studies involving 848 patients were included. Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved the motor function (standardized mean difference [SMD] 0.29, 95% CI 0.01-0.57; P =.04), physical activity level (SMD 0.42, 95% CI 0.11-0.73; P =.007), lower limb strength (SMD 0.52, 95% CI 0.13-0.90; P =.009), and visual processing skills (SMD 0.26, 95% CI 0.02-0.50; P =.04) of children and adolescents with brain injury. It also improved executive function in letter-number sequencing (SMD 1.26, 95% CI 0.26-2.26; P =.01), attention (SMD 0.38, 95% CI 0.09-0.66; P =.009), and symbol search (SMD 1.18, 95% CI 0.43-1.93, P =.002). Conclusions: Web-based telerehabilitation therapy improved motor function, physical activity level, lower limb strength, letter-number sequencing, attention, and symbol search, which improved the quality of life in children and adolescents with brain injury. Web-based telerehabilitation programs provide great convenience for children and adolescents with ABI who need long-term treatment and allow them to exercise at home for rehabilitation training. The widespread implementation of remote interventions also provides children and adolescents in remote areas with better access to rehabilitation services. This review provides evidence for the effectiveness of web-based telerehabilitation therapy, but there was heterogeneity in some of the results because of different disease types and intervention programs. Future studies can expand the sample size according to disease type and increase follow-up time according to different exercise prescriptions to further refine the long-term effects of this intervention on various functions of children and adolescents with ABI. Trial Registration: PROSPERO CRD42023421917; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=421917 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper will examine how the power of filming technology - connected the development of the smartphone - leads to a process of democratization that brings increasing control of information, images, and events to the individual person. Filming loses its elite quality and is brought down to the level of the masses. Gradually people are empowered to both film and to be filmed. This right is important for human development in a technological world which involves the ability to participate in media technology and not to be overpowered or controlled by it. It will demonstrate this through a reading of Walter Benjamin's ideas concerning the technologies of film in the age of mechanical reproduction. It will apply Benjamin's ideas to the current situation where news and social media such as TikTok which are increasingly shaped by the contributions of individuals. It will also show the negative implications, and will conclude that the human empowerment that accompanies video technologies needs to be accompanied by the cultivation of trust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the toxic effect of Cd on the root tip cells of Salix matsudana Koidz and the alleviating effect of Ca on Cd cytotoxicity, Cd absorption, cell damage, cell division and nucleoli structure changes of S. matsudana root tip cells were studied by using Leadmium™ Green AM dye fluorescence observation, Propidium iodide (PI) staining, carbol fuchsin and silver dyeing technology. The results of Cd specific probe showed that Cd ions firstly entered and accumulated mostly in meristem zone, then extended up to the elongation zone and mature zone as treatment time increased. Cd absorption was reduced significantly by Ca addition when compared with the Cd absorption between 50 jj.mol/L Cd+5 mmol/L Ca treatment and 50 jj.mol/L Cd treatment alone. PI staining results showed Cd stress increased the red fluorescence intensity of S. matsudana roots, while Ca addition reduced the red fluorescence intensity. The mitotic index (MI) decreased and the frequencies of abnormal dividing cells increased with the Cd concentration increasing and treatment time pro¬longing. Some types of chromosome aberrations, such as c-mitosis, chromosome bridges, chromo¬some stickiness and lagging chromosomes were induced by Cd. In addition, Cd stress can induce the nucleolus materials move slowly outward from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm and even to cytoplasm. Nevertheless the inhibition of MI and nucleolus materials' outward movement was mitigated partly after Ca addition. Therefore 5 mmol/L Ca addition reduced Cd absorption and decreased the above cytotoxicity in S. matsudana root tips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics and the prognostic outcomes of patients with gynaecological multiple primary malignant neoplasms (MPMN). Materials and methods: For a period of ten years, from January 2008 to December 2018, patients with gynaecological MPMN were enrolled for this study. The clinical characteristics and survival outcomes were collected and analyzed. Results: A total of 126 patients with gynaecological MPMN were included, comprising 15 synchronous MPMN and 111 metachronous MPMN. The average age of the patients with gynaecological MPMN was 57.6±10.8 years, and the probability of overall survival (OS) at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years was 88.6%, 82.6%, 76.9% and 68.7%, respectively. The OS of patients with gynaecological cancer as the first neoplasm was worse than those with non-gynaecological cancer as the first neoplasm (HR: 2.2, P = 0.049); the OS of patients accompanied by breast cancer was better than those accompanied by other cancers (HR: 0.346, P = 0.033). Univariate regression analysis showed that "age", "FIGO stage" and "gynaecological cancer as the first neoplasm" were the factors for poor survival; "Accompanied by breast cancer" and "surgery for first or second neoplasm" were the factors for favourable survival. Conclusions: "Gynaecological cancer as the first neoplasm" is a factor for poor survival in patients with gynaecological MPMN, and "FIGO stage" is the independent risk factor (HR: 2.339, P = 0.001). "Accompanied by breast cancer" and "surgery for the neoplasm" are factors for favourable survival. Mostly, "surgery for the second neoplasm" was the independent protective factor (HR: 0.212, P = 0.005) for gynaecological MPMN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate the effects of NaCl stress on seedlings of Salix matsudana Koidz, the effects of different NaCl concentrations (0, 0.1 %, 0.2%, 0.4%) on one-month-old S. matsudana seedlings grown Ill an envrronment- controlled chamber for 28 days was examined. Responses of S. matsudana were monitored in relation to physiological parameters, leaf fall ratio, relative water content (RWC), photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and chlorophyll concentration. The plants did not show any effect on survival and grew normally without toxic symptoms under 0.1% NaCl, and had different numbers of yellow leaves at the base of the seedlings and new leaves dried under 0.2% and 0.4% NaCl for 28 days. Plant growth, biomass and RWC decreased linearly with an increase in salinity and duration. After the experiment, over a half of the leaves that were treated with 0.4% NaCl had fallen. The chlorophyll contents in the leaves decreased with increasing of NaCl salinity. Leaf photosynthetic gas exchange parameters (net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, intercellular CO2 concentration and stomata! conductance) showed varying correlations and an overall decrease in these parameters under NaCl treatment period compared with the control. The decrease tendency in photochemical efficiency of PSII (Fv'/Fm'), actual photochemical efficiency of PSII (

Cd accumulation and translocation, chlorophyll contents, photosynthetic parameters, and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters were investigated in S. matsudana exposed to 10, 50 and 100 pmol/L Cd for 7, 14, 21 and 28 d. The results indicated that the Cd contents of different organs increased with increasing of Cd concentration and prolonging of treatment. The contents of Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn decreased significantly (P<0.05). The low concentration of Cd (10 pmol/L) did not significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of the leaves, net photosynthetic rate (Pn) and photosynthetic fluorescence parameters such as F0, Fm, Fv/Fm, qP and qN. While high concentration of Cd treatment (100 pmol/L) significantly reduced the content of chlorophyll a, b and a+b (P<0.05), Pn, F0, Fm, Fv/Fm, qP, qN and ETR. The parameters of Pn, Fm, Fv/Fm and ETR were significantly changed in 50 pmol/L only after long-term treatment (28 days) (P<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a hand-collected database, we compare the selection and use of compensation peer groups for a sample of 707 ExecuComp and 237 non-ExecuComp firms. While firms select peers based on characteristics--such as industry affiliation, capital market competition, and organization complexity--that signify efficient contracting, there is evidence of opportunism. On average, ExecuComp (non-ExecuComp) firms choose peers that pay executives 7.8% (19.7%) higher than they do. For every 1% increase in peer-group median compensation, executive pay increases 0.57% and 0.53% at ExecuComp and non-ExecuComp firms, respectively. We also document that the inference drawn from multivariate logistic regression is sensitive to the researchers' choice of the pool of potential peers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background We report a retrospective analysis of a two-level, variable-volume epidural blood patch (EBP) technique for the treatment of spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH). Methods Ninety-four patients with SIH underwent EBPs. Injectate volume was variable and guided by the onset of back pain, radiculopathy or symptoms referable to the EBP. Patients were a responder if no invasive treatment was necessary for SIH symptoms after the first EBP. Baseline patient characteristics, including presenting symptoms and imaging findings, were compared between responders and non-responders. Adverse events were recorded. Results The mean first EBP volume was 45.3±23.2 (range 4-124 mL). The responder rate was 28.7% after the first EBP, improving to 41.5% and 46.8% after a second and third EBP, respectively. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups, except for the greater prevalence of subdural fluid collections in the responder group (48% vs 18%, p=0.003). Two severe complications occurred: transient bilateral paraplegia and cauda equina syndrome from arachnoiditis. Conclusions Our protocol can be used to treat SIH but carries risks that require meticulous attention. EBP volumes were variable across patients, demonstrating the variability in the elastance of the epidural space. Rigorous monitoring for neurological symptoms is necessary throughout the procedure to limit complications and determine the endpoint of the EBP. We advocate for rigorous confirmation of epidural placement of the EBP with contrast-imaging studies to limit intrathecal placement of blood, which can lead to arachnoiditis. Randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the safety and efficacy of large-volume EBPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of adding a small concentration (0-0.5 wt. % addition by mass of cement) of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) to cementitious materials. GNP-water-surfactant suspensions with various surfactant concentrations (0-20 mg/mL) and sonication times (0.5-6 h) are prepared and subjected to different protocols (long-term standing and centrifugation). Then, dispersion and stability are qualitatively observed through digital imaging and scanning electron microscopy after long-term standing and quantitatively evaluated by calculating the absorbance spectra ratio. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of GNP-reinforced cement (GNPRC) are investigated. The results show that 8 mg/mL and 4.5 h are the best choices for the surfactant concentration and sonication time, respectively. Also, obvious reinforcement for the mechanical properties of GNPRC is found; specifically, the 0.05 wt. % addition of GNP increases the compressive strength by 7.5 % and 16.7 % after 7 days and 28 days curing, respectively. Then, between the GNP dosages of 0 and 0.5 wt. %, the flexural strengths at 7 days and 28 days continuously increase, up to 55.6 % and 53.3 %, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skill competence is essential for nursing students and flipped-classroom teaching has become increasingly popular in China's nursing education. However, no studies have yet specifically examined the effect of a flipped classroom versus a traditional classroom on their skill competence. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, Superstar, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until 9 June 2018. We screened the studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted. Twenty-two studies were eligible after reviewing 484 citations. The flipped classroom increased the students' skills score compared with the traditional teaching method (standardised mean difference = 1.79, 95% confidence interval: 1.32–2.27, p = 0.000). Additionally, it improved the cooperative spirit and sense of teamwork (effect size = 1.60, 95% confidence interval: 1.15–2.06), practical ability (effect size = 1.47, 95% confidence interval: 0.93–2.01), enjoyment of the course (effect size = 1.39, 95% confidence interval: 0.81–1.97), expression and communication (effect size = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 0.69–2.12), the curriculum's effects (effect size = 1.32, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.64), interest in participation (effect size = 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.28–1.87), ability to think and analyse problems (effect size = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.24–2.00), and resolution and resilience (effect size = 1.62, 95% confidence interval: 1.29–1.94). The results suggest that the flipped classroom is more effective for the nursing students' skill competence than traditional teaching in China. However, due to heterogeneity and bias risk, a large sample and high-quality studies are needed in future to confirm its effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the cadmium (Cd) accumulative ability and resistance mechanism of Cd stress by Salix babylonica L ., Cd uptake and accumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms were investigated in S. babylonica exposed to 10, 50 and 100 μM Cd for 7 and 14 d. Subcellular localization of Cd on the surface of leaves and mature zone of root tips was investigated by SEM and EDXA. The results indicated that the seedling growth was accelerated by 10 μM Cd, and significantly inhibited by 50 and 100 μM Cd. Root was the main organ to uptake and accumulate Cd, and the contents of Fe and Mn decreased significantly. The order that distributions of Cd among tissue fractions was: cell wall > soluble fraction > cell organelle. The proportion of CdNaCl was the highest, Cd integrated with pectates and proteins in cell walls may be responsible for the adaptation of S. babylonica to Cd stress. The results of EDXA indicated that root cell wall play a key role in Cd detoxicity and the vascular bundle have more potential in Cd transportation. The Cd content of leaf main vein was higher than leaf epidermal cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • Se-PM inhibits the LPS-stimulated generation of inflammatory mediators in primary glial cells. • Se-PM suppresses the LPS-induced activation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling. • Se-PM attenuates the LPS-induced activation of microglia and astrocytes in the mouse brain. Abstract Polymannuronate (PM) is an acidic polymer separated from alginate. PM is a linear block polysaccharide in edible brown algae that has been widely used in the food industry. Seleno-polymannuronate (Se-PM) is a seleno-derivative of PM synthesized from PM and Na 2 SO 3 in our laboratory. We investigated the anti-neuroinflammatory activity of Se-PM in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated primary microglia and astrocytes and a mouse model of acute inflammation. Our results show that Se-PM could markedly reduce NO and PGE 2 production, iNOS and COX-2 expression, and TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 secretion in LPS-treated primary microglia and astrocytes. Moreover, the LPS-triggered overactivation of NF-κB and MAPK signalling was attenuated by Se-PM. In addition, in vivo , LPS-induced microglial and astrocytic activation was remarkably suppressed by Se-PM. These results suggest that Se-PM merits exploration as an alternative medicinal or functional food for alleviating neuroinflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predators, a class of programs that can travel over Internet, and replicate and multiply themselves, are specifically designed to eliminate the computer viruses. To better understand the effects of predators on virus propagation, a model described the coevolution between viruses and predators is proposed. This model has one virus-free equilibrium and two potential viral equilibria. The existence and global stability of these equilibria are fully studied. Furthermore, the optimal solution to control virus propagation is obtained by using Pontryagin's minimum principle. And some numerical experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical results. From the obtained results it can be deduced that predators are quite effective in preventing the widely propagation of viruses with extremely high infection rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Further reduction of Pt in hydrogen fuel cells is hampered by reactant transport losses near the catalyst surface, especially for degraded catalysts. Strategically mitigating these performance losses requires an improved understanding of the catalyst nanostructure, which controls local transport and catalyst durability. We apply cryo-tomography in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) to quantify the three-dimensional structure of carbon-supported Pt catalysts and correlate to their electrochemical accessibility. We present results for two carbon supports: Vulcan, a compact support with a large majority of Pt observed on the exterior, and HSC, a porous support with a majority of Pt observed within interior carbon pores, which have relatively constrictive openings. Increasing Pt content shifts the Pt distribution to the exterior on both carbon supports. By correlating to the electrochemical surface area, we find that all Pt surface area is accessible to protons in liquid. However, the interior Pt fraction quantitatively tracks Pt utilization losses at low humidity, indicating that the interior Pt is inaccessible to the proton-conducting ionomer, likely because narrow carbon pore openings block ionomer infiltration. These results imply different proton transport mechanisms for interior and exterior Pt, and quantitatively describe the catalyst structure, supporting development of transport and durability models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In clinical practice, gynecologic oncologists are interested in predicting the prognosis of patients through information from different sources. Recently, the overall survival (OS) of ovarian cancer patients has been widely and intensively researched, and a large number of risk factors have been determined, including the biomarker of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125). For newly diagnosed patients, it is critical to construct effective prognostic models to predict prognosis dynamically by combining their CA-125 values with adjusted clinical factors. Methods/Materials: A total of 227 ovarian cancer participants entered this study. A 4-step method was used to construct a joint model to examine the association between longitudinal CA-125 measurements and OS time, to explore time-independent predictive factors influencing OS, and to obtain an accurate and credible dynamic prediction of OS for specific subjects. Results: We found that CA-125 values were greatly affected by observation time, menarche, Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and ascites at baseline. Similarly, CA-125 values, menopause, Federation International of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage, and surgery state at baseline were selected from the best Cox proportion hazard model and showed a strong correlation with OS. In addition, the analyses presented by the joint model depict that, as time goes by, increasing CA-125 was deemed to be a significant predictor of death. Conclusions: Together, our results show that a joint model could be highly efficient in clinical consultation and diagnosis for patients newly diagnosed as having ovarian cancer. Longitudinal CA-125 values, which are measured over time, can be used to credibly predict OS after taking all adjusted covariates into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]