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In this letter, a single-layer differentially fed filtenna with controllable radiation nulls by utilizing a substrate substrate-integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity and two patches are presented. The filtenna features a simple geometry and consists of a SIW cavity, two square patches, and a couple of complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs). The two patches, resonating at their TM10 modes, are both collaborating with the SIW cavity, resonating at its TE210 mode, which empowers the antenna enhancements of both impedance bandwidth and gain values. By this arrangement, a radiation null is generated at the upper edge of the operating passband due to the establishment of the cross-coupling pathway. In order to further improve the frequency selectivity, a couple of CSRRs are etched around the feeding ports. And the second radiation null is generated to sharpen the roll-off rate. These two radiation nulls can be flexibly adjusted through tuning the geometric parameters. To verify the design, the developed differentially fed filtenna prototype is fabricated and measured. The measurement results exhibit a good agreement with the simulated ones, showing a fractional impedance bandwidth of 9% (4.66–5.1 GHz) and a maximum in-band realized gain of 7.7 dBi. The developed filtenna also shows excellent frequency selectivity owing to controllable radiation nulls, high common-mode suppression, and low cross-polarization levels.

Aiming at asymmetrical winding (ASW) layouts design for fractional-slot permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), this article improves the conventional star-of-slot theory and proposes an effective design method of fractional-slot ASW layouts for various slot-pole combinations. In the design process, the proposed method considers the characteristic components of air-gap field time–space harmonics and the harmonic characteristic of unbalanced magnetic force (UMF). It can be used to investigate the design principles of ASW layout with a lower UMF through extracting and analyzing force vectors produced by air-gap field time–space harmonics that mainly contribute to UMF. Finally, two 39-slot and 12-pole surface-mounted PMSMs with different winding layouts are manufactured and tested. Both finite-element analysis and experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed design method for double-layer ASW structures.

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumors, leading to resistance and poor prognosis. Activation of STAT3 signaling is frequently detected in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but potent and less toxic STAT3 inhibitors have not been discovered. Here, based on antisense technology, we designed a series of stabilized modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting STAT3 mRNA (STAT3 ASOs). Treatment with STAT3 ASOs decreased the STAT3 mRNA and protein levels in HCC cells. STAT3 ASOs significantly inhibited the proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion of cancer cells by specifically perturbing STAT3 signaling. Treatment with STAT3 ASOs decreased the tumor burden in an HCC xenograft model. Moreover, aberrant STAT3 signaling activation is one of multiple signaling pathways involved in sorafenib resistance in HCC. STAT3 ASOs effectively sensitized resistant HCC cell lines to sorafenib in vitro and improved the inhibitory potency of sorafenib in a resistant HCC xenograft model. The developed STAT3 ASOs enrich the tools capable of targeting STAT3 and modulating STAT3 activity, serve as a promising strategy for treating HCC and other STAT3-addicted tumors, and alleviate the acquired resistance to sorafenib in HCC patients.

• The macro- and micromechanical responses and martensite transformation of as-printed and aged maraging steel were determined by in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) technique with uniaxial tensile tests. • The aged maraging steel has higher critical martensitic transformation stress attributed to the stabilization of austenite induced by aging treatment. • The austenite grains orientated with [200]//LD yield before the macro-yielding and preferential martensite transformation occurs. The microstructure evolution and micromechanical behaviors of additively manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel for both as-printed and aged one were investigated using the in situ high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) technique with uniaxial tensile tests. The investigations revealed that the volume fraction of reversed austenite increased as the annealing temperature rose. The maraging steel was strengthened by η-Ni 3 Ti precipitates, where the aged maraging steel had a higher UTS value of ∼1860 MPa than ∼1135 MPa in the as-printed one, but sacrificed more than half of ductility (from ∼8.6 % to ∼4.0 %). The austenite in aged steel presents more stability induced by the aging process than that in as-printed counterpart, which has a higher critical martensitic transformation stress of ∼1200 MPa than that of ∼780 MPa in as-printed steel. The austenite grains orientated with [200]//LD yield before the macro-yielding and preferential martensite transformation occurs. This study provides further insight into the intricated micromechanical responses of additively manufactured 18Ni300 maraging steel, enlarging the scope of its adaptation and application. Lattice strain evolution of the martensite and austenite in the as-printed specimen. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigating novel nonlinear optical (NLO) active units serves as a valuable method for broadening the research landscape of NLO materials. This study showcases the potential of the cytosinium cation (C4H6N3O)+as a novel NLO-active motif through theoretical calculations. The title compound exhibited a wide band gap of 3.85 eV, along with a moderate second harmonic generation (SHG) response of 1.65 times that of KH2PO4(KDP) and significant birefringence of 0.47. Its exceptional optical properties are primarily attributed to the synergy interaction between cations and anionic groups in the asymmetric unit.

Energy transfer between atoms and molecules is fundamental to many physical and chemical processes, and understanding the mechanisms and outcomes of energy transfer is crucial for various applications in physics and chemistry. Here, the rovibrational excitation of YO(X 2Σ+) molecules with the collision of Kr and Ne has been studied in the laser-ablation crossed beam and time-sliced ion velocity map imaging setup in combination with the resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization scheme. Significant changes in the angular distribution for different rovibrational excitations of YO molecules are observed with the collision of Kr. The sharp forward distribution for low rovibrational excitation of YO(v′ = 0, 1) molecules suggest that the weak attractive potential between Kr and YO is dominant at large impact parameters. Comparatively, the strong sideway distribution for highly rovibrationally excited YO(v′ = 1, 2, 3, and 5) is due to rainbow scattering from the stronger attractive potential of Kr···YO at relatively small impact parameters. The more isotropic angular distribution in the highly rovibrationally excited YO(v′ = 11) indicates the formation of a short-lived complex. A change in the angular distribution of scattered YO with different rovibrational excitations was also observed in the collisions of Ne. For YO as a heteronuclear diatomic molecule, collisions of the Y- and the O-end of YO with rare gases would affect the contribution of inelastic processes at different impact parameters.

Marine umbilical is one of the key equipment for subsea oil and gas exploitation, which is usually integrated by a great number of different functional components with multi-layers. The layout of these components directly affects manufacturing, operation and storage performances of the umbilical. For the multi-layer cross-sectional layout design of the umbilical, a quantifiable multi-objective optimization model is established according to the operation and storage requirements. Considering the manufacturing factors, the multi-layering strategy based on contact point identification is introduced for a great number of functional components. Then, the GA-GLM global optimization algorithm is proposed combining the genetic algorithm and the generalized multiplier method, and the selection operator of the genetic algorithm is improved based on the steepest descent method. Genetic algorithm is used to find the optimal solution in the global space, which can converge from any initial layout to the feasible layout solution. The feasible layout solution is taken as the initial value of the generalized multiplier method for fast and accurate solution. Finally, taking umbilicals with a great number of components as examples, the results show that the cross-sectional performance of the umbilical obtained by optimization algorithm is better and the solution efficiency is higher. Meanwhile, the multi-layering strategy is effective and feasible. The design method proposed in this paper can quickly obtain the optimal multi-layer cross-sectional layout, which replaces the manual design, and provides useful reference and guidance for the umbilical industry.

An efficient synthetic method for constructing 2,3- and 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidio[1,2-b]indazole skeletons through I2-DMSO-mediated and substrate-controlled regioselective [4 + 2] cyclization is reported. The reaction conditions are mild, its operation is simple, and the substrate scope is wide. More than 60 pyrimidio[1,2-b]indazole derivatives have been synthesized, providing a new methodology for constructing related molecules and potentially enriching bioactive-molecule libraries.

We herein report an unprecedented organic–inorganic hybrid borate incorporating a novel nonlinear-optical (NLO) active unit, namely, [C(NH2)3][B(C2O2H4)2]. The novel NLO active unit was derived from the condensation reaction between two glycol molecules and one (BO4)5–group. The title compound exhibits a moderate second-harmonic-generation effect (0.7 × KDP), a significant band gap (5.76 eV), and a suitable birefringence (0.078 at 550 nm). The optical properties are determined by the synergistic interaction between the C(NH2)3+cation and the [B(C2O2H4)2]-group, as indicated by theoretical calculations.

Precipitation hardening serves as a viable mechanism to enhance the strength of high/medium entropy alloys (H/MEAs). The nature of precipitates in HEAs varies based on the composition of multiple principal elements. In order to further enhance the performance of HEAs across different applications, it becomes imperative to exercise control over phase synthesis and suppress the precipitation of detrimental phases. In this investigation, we propose a strategy for regulating the precipitation of the second phase in (Co, Cr)58Ni30Mo6Al6(Co/Cr ratio = 1, 1.5, 2, 3) HEAs. Through precise adjustment of atomic ratios, the detrimental σ and μ phases are effectively restrained, while coherent nanoprecipitates are achieved through subsequent aging treatment. These fine nanoscale coherent phases alter the mode of dislocation slip, transforming planar slip into cross-slip, thereby providing a novel mechanism for the strengthening of the alloy. This controlled elimination and precipitation of phase contributes to a hierarchical improvement in the mechanical tensile properties. The aged HEA exhibits exceptional characteristics, including a strength of 1.3 GPa and 31% plasticity at 298 K (1.67 GPa and 40% at 77 K).

The construction of quaternary carbon centers via C–C coupling protocols remains challenging. The coupling of tertiary C(sp3) with secondary or tertiary C(sp3) counterparts has been hindered by pronounced steric clashes and many side reactions. Herein, we have successfully developed a type of bisphosphine ligand iron complex-catalyzed coupling reactions of tertiary alkyl halides with secondary alkyl zinc reagents and efficiently realized the coupling reaction between tertiary C(sp3) and secondary C(sp3) with high selectivity for the initial instance, which provided an efficient method for the construction of quaternary carbon centers with high steric hindrance. The combination of an iron catalyst and directing group of the substrate makes the great challenging transformation possible.

The key to searching novel nonlinear optical (NLO) crystals was effectively combining the NLO-active units to obtain a noncentrosymmetric structure. Nevertheless, the present predicament lies in the growing challenge of discovering novel crystals within conventional inorganic frameworks that surpass the properties of the current NLO materials. In view of this, researchers expanded their research focus to the organic–inorganic hybridization system; it is foreseeable to concentrate the advantages from several kinds of NLO-active units to acquire novel NLO crystals with superior properties. We herein report an organic–inorganic hybrid molybdate crystal, namely, [C(NH2)3]6Mo7O24(GMO). It was successfully obtained via combining inorganic NLO-active MoO6octahedra and organic π-conjugated [C(NH2)3]+groups. GMO demonstrates a moderate second-harmonic-generation response, specifically measuring about 1.3 times the value of KDP. Additionally, it exhibits a significant birefringence value of 0.203 at the wavelength of 550 nm and possesses a wide band gap of 3.31 eV. Theoretical calculations suggest that the optical properties of the GMO are primarily influenced by the synergy effect of [C(NH2)3]+groups between MoO6octahedra.

Background: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a neuromuscular disorder that affects ambulatory function. Quantitative ultrasound (QUS) imaging, utilizing envelope statistics, has proven effective in diagnosing DMD. Radiomics enables the extraction of detailed features from QUS images. This study further proposes a hybrid QUS radiomics and explores its value in characterizing DMD. Methods: Patients (n = 85) underwent ultrasound examinations of gastrocnemius through Nakagami, homodyned K (HK), and information entropy imaging. The hybrid QUS radiomics extracted, selected, and integrated the retained features derived from each QUS image for classification of ambulatory function using support vector machine. Nested five fold cross-validation of the data was conducted, with the rotational process repeated 50 times. The performance was assessed by averaging the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC). Results: Radiomics enhanced the average AUROC of B-scan, Nakagami, HK, and entropy imaging to 0.790, 0.911, 0.869, and 0.890, respectively. By contrast, the hybrid QUS radiomics using HK and entropy images for diagnosing ambulatory function in DMD patients achieved a superior average AUROC of 0.971 (p < 0.001 compared with conventional radiomics analysis). Conclusions: The proposed hybrid QUS radiomics incorporates microstructure-related backscattering information from various envelope statistics models to effectively enhance the performance of DMD assessment.

The registration of unitary-modality geometric data has been successfully explored over past decades. However, existing approaches typically struggle to handle cross-modality data due to the intrinsic difference between different models. To address this problem, in this article, we formulate the cross-modality registration problem as a consistent clustering process. First, we study the structure similarity between different modalities based on an adaptive fuzzy shape clustering, from which a coarse alignment is successfully operated. Then, we optimize the result using fuzzy clustering consistently, in which the source and target models are formulated as clustering memberships and centroids, respectively. This optimization casts new insight into point set registration, and substantially improves the robustness against outliers. Additionally, we investigate the effect of fuzzier in fuzzy clustering on the cross-modality registration problem, from which we theoretically prove that the classical Iterative Closest Point (ICP) algorithm is a special case of our newly defined objective function. Comprehensive experiments and analysis are conducted on both synthetic and real-world cross-modality datasets. Qualitative and quantitative results demonstrate that our method outperforms state-of-the-art approaches with higher accuracy and robustness. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/zikai1/CrossModReg.

Vehicular communication and sensing technologies are key to enabling 6G Intelligent Autonomous Transportation Systems (IATS). With the introduction of massive sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) fusion applications, IATS is needed to support data transmission rates up to 10 Gb/s. Millimeter-wave (mmWave) technology has attracted extensive attention owing to abundant spectrum resources, which can support the timely transmission of massive data. However, performance degradation of mmWave due to signal blockage has become one of the critical technical challenges. Road bridges as one of the common obstacles in urban scenarios, which has severe blockage effects on communication links. Therefore, this paper comprehensively studies the impact of road bridge blockage effects on mmWave vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) links and proposes an empirical model that can accurately characterize the bridge blockage effect. First, we use a self-developed mmWave channel sounder to carry out channel measurements on typical urban roads. Measurement results indicate that a maximum extra propagation loss of up to 23 dB is caused by road bridges. In addition, to address the deficiencies of existing propagation prediction models, the Single Road Bridge (SRB) model is proposed in this work. This model reveals for the first time the extra propagation loss caused by the road bridge to the channel. Compared with existing models, the SRB model can make the mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE) within 5 dB. The proposed SRB model is of great value for accurately simulating real-world road bridge blockage events when designing future IATS.

Background: Sarcopenia is among the most common musculoskeletal illnesses, yet its underlying biochemical mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Identifying the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with sarcopenia components would help understand the etiology of sarcopenia. We performed a bi-directional Mendelian randomization study to explore the causal relationship between 41 inflammatory cytokines and sarcopenia-related traits. Methods: The study was performed in two stages using bidirectional dual-sample Mendelian randomization. We obtained aggregated statistical data on inflammatory factors, low grip strength, and ALM from genome-wide association studies. To explore the causal association between exposure and outcomes, we primarily utilized the inverse variance weighted strategy. Furthermore, we conducted sensitivity analyses through the use of Mendelian randomization (MR) Egger, weighted median and simple mode methods. To evaluate robustness of the results and to identify and adjust for horizontal pleiotropy, we performed the MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier test, the MR Egger intercept test, and a leave-one-out analysis. Results: The results displayed a potential association between interleukin-10 (OR: 1.046, 95% CI: 1.002–1.093, p= 0.042) and vascular endothelial growth factor (OR: 1.024, 95% CI: 1.001–1.047, p= 0.038) and the risk of low hand-grip strength. Moreover, interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.000–1.019, p= 0.042) and macrophage colony-stimulating factor (OR: 1.010, 95% CI: 1.003–1.017, p= 0.003) were significantly linked to a higher risk of ALM. Conclusion: We identified a causal relationship between multiple inflammatory factors and sarcopenia-related traits. Our study offers valuable insights into innovative methods for the sarcopenia prevention and treatment by regulating inflammatory factors.

With the emergence of novel variants, Omicron variant caused a different clinical picture than the previous variants and little evidence was reported regarding perioperative outcomes after Omicron variants. The aim of the study was to evaluate the postoperative outcomes of gastrointestinal cancer patients following Omicron variants infection and also to determine the timing of surgery after infection recovery. A total of 124 patients who underwent gastrointestinal cancer surgery with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 2022 and February 2023 were retrospectively reviewed. 174 cases underwent the same operation during December 2018 and February 2019 as control group. SARS-CoV-2-infected patients were further categorized into three groups based on infected time (1–3 weeks; 4–6 weeks; and ≥ 7 weeks). 90.3% of SARS-CoV-2-infected patients had mild symptoms. The COVID-19 vaccination rate was 71.0%, with a full vaccination rate of 48.4%. There were no significant differences in 30-day morbidity and mortality. There was also no significant difference in pulmonary complications, cardiovascular complications, and surgical complications between the three different diagnosis time groups. In conclusion, reducing waiting time for elective surgery was safe for gastrointestinal cancer patients in the context of an increased transmissibility and milder illness severity with Omicron variant.

Emerging GaN high electron mobility transistors have become a popular choice in high-efficiency, high-speed power circuits, owing to superb switching figure of merits. However, as a new type of power devices, aging/failure mechanisms of such are far less studied than silicon counterparts, making reliability one of the most formidable obstacles towards mass production. To mitigate this, device online condition monitoring is highly desirable, in which dynamic on-resistance, dRON, is popularly employed as an aging precursor. However, continuous and drastic changes of operation condition and switching dynamics make it highly challenging to measure dRON online accurately. To address such, this article introduces an integrated dRON full profile scan and offset calibration approach that allows GaN power devices to be monitored online without interrupting normal operation of device under test (DUT), making it a desirable plug-and-play solution to virtually all GaN-based power circuits. To facilitate superior speed and low-power performance, this article is implemented on a highly silicon- and power-efficient integrated circuit, which calibrates random offsets and sensing errors automatically to ensure condition monitoring accuracy. Demonstrated in a half-bridge GaN-based power converter, where the gate drivers and the feedback controller are fully integrated on a 180-nm high voltage bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) process, the proposed online condition monitoring solution consumes only 1.1 mW power and 0.3 mm2 chip area, which account for 0.077% power and 4.8% chip overhead, respectively. It reduces offset and parasitic induced sensing errors by 13.6%.

SiC MOSFETs are increasingly used in various power electronic converters due to their low switching losses, high operating frequency and high power applicability. The crosstalk phenomenon which will lead shoot-through in bridge-leg configuration and overvoltage breakdown of the device is more serious due to the high switching speed characteristics. In this paper, a smart self-driving crosstalk suppression gate driver is proposed based on the resistor–capacitor–diode (RCD) level shifter circuit for SiC MOSFETs, in which a low impedance branch of Miller clamping circuit is provided for the crosstalk current. In addition, no extra control signal is required which does not increase the complexity of the driver circuit. Then, by modeling the equivalent circuit of the proposed gate driver, the quantization relationship between the clamping capacitor and the crosstalk voltage is derived. Finally, a double-pulse test platform is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed gate driver under different clamping capacitors, input voltage and load current conditions. The experimental results show that the proposed gate driver can suppress the crosstalk voltage effectively. Meanwhile, the switching loss is reduced by a maximum of 16.6% by using the designed clamping capacitor under 600 V/20 A, while ensuring the switching speed.

The operating speed of the commercial electromagnetic suspension (EMS) maglev train has been over 430 km/h, making it the fastest means of land transportation. With the increasing demands of people traveling, it is necessary to further improve the operating speed of maglev trains. Aiming to examine whether the existing EMS system can meet the requirements of ultra-high-speed operation (more than 600 km/h), the electromagnetic characteristics of an EMS linear motor under the operating speed of 600–1000 km/h fed by a square-wave voltage supply is investigated in this article. First, an electromagnetic field model of the EMS system under the square-wave voltage supply is established to investigate its electromagnetic performance, e.g., the characteristics of phase current, the magnetic flux density, and the electromagnetic force. Second, the relationship between the harmonic components of the air-gap magnetic flux density and electromagnetic force is investigated using the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform (2D-FFT) to reveal the mechanism of electromagnetic force ripple. Third, to address the issues of excessive armature current density and significant electromagnetic force ripple, the linear motor is re-designed by enlarging the stator slot area and reshaping the mover’s main magnetic poles. Furthermore, the Taguchi method is used to further improve the electromagnetic characteristics of the linear electric motor. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimal design is validated by the finite-element analysis (FEA) based co-simulation.

We obtain rates of contraction of posterior distributions in inverse problems with discrete observations. In a general setting of smoothness scales we derive abstract results for general priors, with contraction rates determined by discrete Galerkin approximation. The rate depends on the amount of prior concentration near the true function and the prior mass of functions with inferior Galerkin approximation. We apply the general result to non-conjugate series priors, showing that these priors give near optimal and adaptive recovery in some generality, Gaussian priors, and mixtures of Gaussian priors, where the latter are also shown to be near optimal and adaptive.

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) suffer from limited ion diffusion and structural expansion, generating the urgent demand for Na+accommodable materials with promising architectures. In this work, the rational exploration for Co4S3nanoparticles confined in an MnS nanorod-grafted N, S-codoped carbon polyhedron (Co–Mn–S@N–S–C) is achieved by the in situ growth of MOF on MnO2nanorod along with the subsequent carbonization and sulfurization. Benefiting from the distinctive nanostructure, the Co–Mn–S@N–S–C anode delivers excellent structural stability, resulting in prolonged cycling stability with a capacity retention of 90.2% after 1000 cycles at 2 A g–1. Moreover, the reaction storage mechanism is clarified by the in situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The results indicate that properly designed electrode materials have huge potential applications for highly efficient energy storage devices.

Regulator of chromosome condensation domain-containing protein 1 (RCCD1), previously reported as a partner of histone H3K36 demethylase KDM8 involved in chromosome segregation, has been identified as a potential driver for breast cancer in a recent transcriptome-wide association study. We report here that, unexpectedly, RCCD1 is also localized in mitochondria. We show that RCCD1 resides in the mitochondrial matrix, where it interacts with the mitochondrial contact site/cristae organizing system (MICOS) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) to regulate mtDNA transcription, oxidative phosphorylation, and the production of reactive oxygen species. Interestingly, RCCD1 is upregulated under hypoxic conditions, leading to decreased generation of reactive oxygen species and alleviated apoptosis favoring cancer cell survival. We show that RCCD1 promotes breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and accelerates breast tumor growth in vivo. Indeed, RCCD1 is overexpressed in breast carcinomas, and its level of expression is associated with aggressive breast cancer phenotypes and poor patient survival. Our study reveals an additional dimension of RCCD1 functionality in regulating mitochondrial homeostasis, whose dysregulation inflicts pathologic states such as breast cancer.

With perpetual electrification and highly dynamic operations, modern automotive ICs face unprecedented electromagnetic interference (EMI) challenges. To address such, this article presents a condition-adaptive $\Delta f^{3}$ EMI control for automotive power circuits, which coordinates integral spread-spectrum modulation (SSM) schemes to regulate EMI adaptively in response to drastic condition changes of input voltage $V_{\mathrm {IN}}$ and load current $I_{\mathrm {LOAD}}$ . Specifically, a $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW,UP/DN}}$ spread control technique steers the $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ spread direction according to $V_{\mathrm {IN}}$ , while a $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ spread range modulation scheme adjusts the $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ range according to $I_{\mathrm {LOAD}}$ . Meanwhile, a $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ adaptive multi-rate (MR) SSM scheme prevents spectrum overlap spikes. With the three distinct $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ -focused control modules working cohesively, we name the overall EMI control as the $\Delta f^{3}$ EMI control in this work. In addition, to avoid high-energy EMI from entering the audible frequency range, a modulation frequency $f_{M}$ envelope tracking scheme is also developed. Demonstrated in an automotive-use GaN switching power converter, this work was fabricated using a 180-nm HV BCD process. It auto-extends $\Delta f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ from 10% to 32% and reduces EMI by 17.2 dB to counteract $I_{\mathrm {LOAD}}$ elevation from 200 mA to 1 A. Meanwhile, it can down-spread $f_{\mathrm {SW}}$ adaptively by the MR-SSM with a 16.3 dB reduction in response to a $V_{\mathrm {IN}}$ increase from 12 V to 24 V without causing overlap spikes.

Spin–orbit coupling plays an important role in chemical reactivity, especially in reactions that require the change of electron spin states. However, it is difficult to measure and analyze the reaction dynamics between spin–orbit splitting states, particularly for splitting states with a small energy difference. In this study, we find that nonreactive scattering of spin–orbit splitting states can provide complementary information that is overlooked in chemical reaction studies. Here, the oxidation reactivities of spin–orbit Al(2P1/2,3/2) states with small energy difference of 112 cm–1are clearly distinguished in the high rotational AlO(v= 0 and 1, N) products at low collision energy of 507 cm–1using a laser ablation crossed-beam and time-sliced ion velocity mapping technique, in conjunction with state-selected nonreactive scattering studies. For both the AlO(v= 0 and 1) channels, the spin–orbit relative reactivity σ3/2/σ1/2increases with the increase of rotational level Nof AlO products. However, for AlO(v= 0), the reactivity of the Al(2P3/2) excited state is consistently lower than that of the Al(2P1/2) ground state, whereas for AlO(v= 1), the reactivity of Al(2P3/2) is higher than that of Al(2P1/2) at a higher rotational state. The relative reactivity of spin–orbit split Al(2P) states at different scattering angles shows a more pronounced enhancement of forward scattering relative to side and backward scattering for Al(2P3/2) when a higher rotationally excited AlO is produced. Nonreactive scattering studies of Al(2P) suggest that the Al(2P3/2) state is deexcited to the ground Al(2P1/2) state at the sideways and backward scattering directions, and the deexcitation is supposed to reduce the reactivity of the excited Al(2P3/2) at the corresponding direction.

This brief presents a wideband differential-fed filtering antenna with end-fire radiation characteristics. The proposed differential-fed end-fire filtering antenna consists of a $\lambda $ /4 stepped impedance slot, a dual-mode resonator, a pair of rectangular slots, a microstrip line, and a folded microstrip line. The $\lambda $ /4 stepped impedance slot resonates at its first two odd modes and exhibits end-fire radiation under differential ports excitation. Then, the dual-mode resonator is utilized to simultaneously broaden the impedance bandwidth and improve the out-of-band frequency selectivity of the gain curve. In order to improve the front-to-back ratio of the antenna, the rectangular slots with one open end are etched at the edges of the metallic ground. Finally, the multiple coupling paths are realized from the dual-mode resonator to the $\lambda $ /4 stepped impedance slot by adding the microstrip line and the folded microstrip line to generate two radiation nulls at the passband edges, and thus the frequency selectivity can be further enhanced. For the purpose of verification, a prototype of the proposed antenna is designed, fabricated and measured. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results, exhibiting an impedance bandwidth of 49.1% from 3.2 to 5.28 GHz, a flat in-band gain response with a maximum realized gain of 6.7 dBi, a front-to-back ratio over 11.5 dB within the entire operating passband. Besides, the suppression levels are higher than 18 dB and 29 dB for low and high frequency, respectively.

To realize intelligent connection of everything and the digital twin (DT) of the physical world in 6G and beyond, new communication and sensing solutions are demanded. The potential of multiple spectrums is maximized for various applications and scenarios. In such a context, an accurate, efficient, and pervasive multi-spectrum propagation model is needed as a critical and unified baseline for testing the performance of the solutions in various scenarios. This work presents ray-tracing (RT) oriented methods for the DT presentation of radio propagation at multiple frequency bands from microwave to visible light. The material- and field-measurement-based approaches are proposed to characterize the electromagnetic properties of materials. On that basis, the propagation mechanisms are developed and validated, and the corresponding parameters are inverted. For the real-time simulation demand, RT and artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are fused to develop a super-resolution modeling method. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method outperforms the baseline model regarding stability and accuracy. It can significantly reduce the computation time with comparable accuracy to the RT-only approach. The proposed methodologies and the in-depth discussions in this work are expected to pave the way to realize the DT of multi-spectrum propagation for evaluating 6G and beyond technologies.

With consideration of double-line-frequency instantaneous power in two-stage single-phase system, a double-line-frequency power control method is proposed in this article to achieve optimization and tradeoff control between the current stress of dual-active-bridge (DAB) dc/dc converter and the dc bus voltage ripples in both sides. Different double-line-frequency powers in DAB will lead to different values of DAB current stress and dc bus voltage ripples in both sides. To find out the best double-line-frequency power in DAB, the optimal control trajectory (OCT) is proposed in this article so that the current stress of DAB can be minimized under any certain voltage ripple. An approximate analytical calculation method is derived to solve the optimal double-line-frequency power in OCT. The comparative analysis indicates that the approximate OCT has similar optimization effects as OCT. Based on the OCT, two tradeoff control methods for the DAB current stress and the dc bus voltage ripples are presented so that the current stress and the voltage ripples can be flexibly adjusted to adapt various load conditions. The initial phase of the single-phase ac load is also optimized to maximize the adjustable range of voltage ripple. The experimental results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OCT and control methods.

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is a malignant tumor. Recently, studies have found that adenylate cyclase 6 (ADCY6) plays a pivotal role in many lethal tumors formation processes. The role of ADCY6 in OTSCC remains unknown. The expression of ADCY6 in OTSCC tissue samples was detected. The clinical significance of ADCY6 in OTSCC was analyzed by statistical methods. OTSCC cell lines were selected to analyze the biological function of ADCY6. Meanwhile, the effect of ADCY6 on the growth of OTSCC in vivo was explored using subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay. WB assay was used to detect the underlying signaling pathway. Cell function recovery test used to investigate the mechanism of ADCY6‐promoting OTSCC malignant biological behavior via Hippo signaling pathway. We report that ADCY6 was obviously downregulated in OTSCC tissue samples and cell lines. Importantly, lower expression of ADCY6 indicates a poorer prognosis in patients with OTSCC, and its expression is significantly correlated with TNM stage and tumor size. Functionally, forced expression of ADCY6 can significantly inhibit the proliferation, migration, invasion, and promote apoptosis of OTSCC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ADCY6 upregulation impaired Hippo signaling pathway to reduce the malignant biological behavior of OTSCC. Generally, our findings suggest that ADCY6 suppressed Hippo signaling pathway to regulate malignant biological behavior in OTSCC, which provide new cues for further exploring the mechanism of occurrence and development of OTSCC.

Fifth-generation mobile communication technology (5G) has greatly promoted the development of vehicular communication. Millimeter wave (mmWave) technology is becoming the magic key to enabling the high data rate exchange of future onboard devices. Due to the severe path loss at mmWave, the cell radius is short and causes frequent handovers for vehicle user equipment in the mobile network environment. The above problems increase the risk of communication interruptions and pose threats to driving safety. Thus, it is critical to understand the channel characteristics during handover and find a suitable handover mechanism for future vehicular communications. In this work, vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) measurement campaigns are first conducted in urban scenarios using the moving network (MN) system. The measurements confirmed the potential benefits of beam-switching during movement and calibrated the ray-tracing (RT) simulator. Then intensive simulations are carried out for the handover procedure in the urban scenario. Based on simulation results, channel parameters are extracted and the channel characteristics for the handover procedure are studied. Finally, it is proposed to use beam-switching to complete the handover by evaluating handover parameters in detail. Compared to the conventional single beam, the beam-switching mechanism improves the SINR by about 30%, significantly enhancing the link quality during handover in the MN system.

Face recognition has always been courted in computer vision and is especially amenable to situations with significant variations between frontal and profile faces. Traditional techniques make great strides either by synthesizing frontal faces from sizable datasets or by empirical pose invariant learning. In this paper, we propose a completely integrated embedded end-to-end Lie algebra residual architecture (LARNeXt) to achieve pose robust face recognition. First, we explore how the face rotation in the 3D space affects the deep feature generation process of convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and prove that face rotation in the image space is equivalent to an additive residual component in the feature space of CNNs, which is determined solely by the rotation. Second, on the basis of this theoretical finding, we further design three critical subnets to leverage a soft regression subnet with novel multi-fusion attention feature aggregation for efficient pose estimation, a residual subnet for decoding rotation information from input face images, and a gating subnet to learn rotation magnitude for controlling the strength of the residual component that contributes to the feature learning process. Finally, we conduct a large number of ablation experiments, and our quantitative and visualization results both corroborate the credibility of our theory and corresponding network designs. Our comprehensive experimental evaluations on frontal-profile face datasets, general unconstrained face recognition datasets, and industrial-grade tasks demonstrate that our method consistently outperforms the state-of-the-art ones.