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The aim of the work is to prepare and observe the metallographic specimen of 304L, 316L and 347 ASS samples with two different etching techniques. The samples were prepared by cutting, coarse grinding at 80 grit paper followed by fine grinding with 800, 1000, 1500, 2000 grit paper, polishing with diamond paste and kerosene on a velvet cloth. Later the samples were etched in aqua regia by immersion for 1 minute and in oxalic acid for electrolytic etching for 1 minute. The structure was observed at two different magnifications, 100× and 400×, using a light microscope. Electrolytic etching showed better results compared to the immersion technique. The structure was uniformly etched and had uniform light reflection. In addition to the clear structure, other particle phases were clearly visible. The 304L structure was fine grained as compared to 316L and 347 ASS. The structure observed was equiaxed austenite grains, annealed twins and particles.

The combining ability studies made over environments (sowing dates) for nine characters in brown sarsonusing “9×3” line × tester set revealed both general combining ability (gca) and specific combining ability (sea) components were significant for all the evaluated characters, viz., plant height, main shoot length, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, number of siliqua on main shoot, siliqua length, seeds per siliqua, 1000-seed weight and seed yield per plant. Both gca and sea effects were influenced by environments. The parents, Pusa Kalyani, BSH-1, DBS-1 and BSIK-1 having been observed as good general combiners for seed yield and other yield influencing traits also, offer the best possibilities of exploitation for the development of improved lines. The cross combination “BSIK-1 × BSIK-2” and “BSC-199 × BSH-1” were observed to be the best crosses and are expected to throw transgressive segregants and need exploitation in breeding programmes. Both additive and non-additive gene effects played role in the inheritance of different traits.

Bagasse fly ash, a waste generated in local sugar industries, has been converted into a low cost adsorbent. The product so obtained has been characterized and used for the removal of phenol and p-nitrophenol. Investigations include the effect of pH, sorbent dosage, phenol concentration and the effect of surfactants on the uptake of phenol and p-nitrophenol. The adsorption data follow both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Isotherms have also been used to obtain the thermodynamic parameters of the process. Some experiments have also been performed with a view to recover phenols and have in-situ chemical regeneration of the spent carbon column. © 1998 SCI.