Search

IMPORTANCE: Understanding the long-term axial elongation trajectory in high myopia is important to prevent blindness. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate axial elongation trajectories and related visual outcomes in children and adults with high myopia. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this cohort study, participants in the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre–Brien Holden Vision Institute high myopia cohort were followed up every other year for 8 years. Participants with axial length measurements at baseline (2011 or 2012) and at least 1 follow-up visit were included. Participants were grouped according to baseline age as children and adolescents (7 to <18 years), young adults (18 to <40 years), and older adults (≥40 to 70 years). Data were analyzed from November 1, 2022, to June 1, 2023. EXPOSURE: High myopia (spherical power ≤−6.00 diopters). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Longitudinal axial elongation trajectories were identified by cluster analysis. Axial elongation rates were calculated by linear mixed-effects models. A 2-sided P < .05 was defined as statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 793 participants (median [range] age, 17.8 [6.8-69.7] years; 418 females [52.7%]) and 1586 eyes were included in the analyses. Mean axial elongation rates were 0.46 mm/y (95% CI, 0.44-0.48 mm/y) for children and adolescents, 0.07 mm/y (95% CI, 0.06-0.09 mm/y) for young adults, and 0.13 mm/y (95% CI, 0.07-0.19 mm/y) for older adults. Cluster analysis identified 3 axial elongation trajectories, with the stable, moderate, and rapid progression trajectories having mean axial elongation rates of 0.02 mm/y (95% CI, 0.01-0.02 mm/y), 0.12 mm/y (95% CI, 0.11-0.13 mm/y), and 0.38 mm/y (95% CI, 0.35-0.42 mm/y), respectively. At 8 years of follow-up, compared with the stable progression trajectory, the rapid progression trajectory was associated with a 6.92 times higher risk of developing pathological myopic macular degeneration (defined as diffuse or patchy chorioretinal atrophy or macular atrophy; odds ratio, 6.92 [95% CI, 1.07-44.60]; P = .04), and it was associated with a 0.032 logMAR decrease in best-corrected visual acuity (β = 0.032 [95% CI, 0.001-0.063]; P = .04). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: The findings of this 8-year follow-up study suggest that axial length in high myopia continues to increase from childhood to late adulthood following 3 distinct trajectories. At 8 years of follow-up, the rapid progression trajectory was associated with a higher risk of developing pathological myopic macular degeneration and poorer best-corrected visual acuity compared with the stable progression trajectory. These distinct axial elongation trajectories could prove valuable for early identification and intervention for high-risk individuals.

AimsTo quantify the profiles of choroidal vascularity index (CVI) using fully artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithm applied to swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) images and evaluate the determinants of CVI in a population-based study.MethodsThis cross-sectional study included adults aged ≥35 years residing in the Yuexiu District of Guangzhou, China, a follow-up population-based study. All participants (n=646) underwent comprehensive ophthalmic examinations, including SS-OCT for quantifying choroidal parameters. The CVI and subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) were measured by a novel AI-based system.ResultsA total of 556 participants were included, with a mean age of 56.4±9.9 years and 44.96% women. The average CVI and SFCT of the overall population were 69.7% (95% CI 69.2 to 70.3) and 263.0 µm (95% CI 257.2 to 268.8), respectively. After adjusting for other factors, older age and longer AL were significantly associated with a lower CVI. The CVI decreased by –0.13% (–0.19 to –0.06, p<0.001) with each 1-year increase in age, –2.10% (–3.29 to –0.92, p=0.001) with each 1 mm increase in AL. Furthermore, significantly positive correlation between CVI and SFCT has been observed, with coefficient of 0.059 (0.052 to 0.065, p<0.001).ConclusionUsing new AI-based choroidal segmentation software, we provided a fast, reliable and objective CVI profile for large-scale samples. Older age and longer AL were independent correlates of choroidal thinning and CVI decline. These factors should be considered when interpreting SS-OCT-based choroidal measurements.

To investigate the potential bioavailability and mobility of phosphorus (P) in suspended solids, the Standards, Measurements and Testing (SMT) programmers was employed to characterize the distribution of P in suspended solids from different treatment stage of KunmingWWTP.Results showed that: the main form of total phosphorus (TP) in suspended solids was inorganic phosphorus (IP) ,which accounted for 47%~60%.Amongdifferent forms of inorganic phosphorus, Iron-phosphorus was the dominant forms accounted for 82 % of total phosphorus while calcium-phosphorus was only the minor par. Throughout the process, the trend of changes in content is close between total phosphorus and organ phosphorus. Bioavailable phosphorus in suspended solids ranged from 5.903 mg·g-1to7.376mg·g-1 and occupied 89.64%to94.16% of the total phosphorus pool.

As a new type and high efficiency and low energy consumption one in biological denitrification and phosphorus removal technology, denitrifying phosphorus removal has become a hot topic in the research field of the water treatment technology. In this technology, denitrifying phosphate removal bacteria (DPBs) plays an important role. In each process stage of an A2/O process, denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria (DPBs) plays different function. Combining with theory of the A2/O process, the function and main influence factors of denitrifying phosphorus removal bacteria (DPBs) are studied, and the prospect about DPBs is proposed.

Antimony distributes widely in the environment. And antimony pollution in the water environment is becoming serious. How to detect the content of the antimony correctly and effectively is very important. Graphite furnace atomic absorption method is simple, but low sensitivity; hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, low cost, good reproducibility, but is harmful to the introduction of substances; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for simultaneous multi-element analysis, high sensitivity, but the operation is cumbersome; inductively coupled plasma spectrometry has low detection limit, high accuracy, but the equipment is expensive, and cost of analysis is high.

Hierarchical AlOOH microspheres assembled from nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a microwave hydrothermal method, by using AlCl3·6H2O and NaOH as raw materials and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) as a surfactant. Thermal decomposition of the AlOOH precursor at 500°C for 2h produced γ-Al2O3 that maintained the precursors morphology. The products were well characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD. Finally, both hierarchical AlOOH and γ-Al2O3 microspheres were used to adsorb Congo red from a water solution. The experimental results show that hierarchical AlOOH microspheres with the diameter about 1μm are assembled from nanosheets with average thickness of about 20nm. The morphology of the obtained γ-Al2O3 microspheres is well preserved, and nanometer-size holes appear on the surface of the nanosheets. Both AlOOH and γ-Al2O3 microspheres are very effective in the removal of Congo red pollutant from waste water which may be attributed to their textured microstructure and high specific surface area.

Technical level of driving behavior has run as high as 20% impact on vehicle’s fuel consumption, so choosing proper operation mode is one effective way to improve the vehicle’s running fuel economy. Vehicle sliding on level road is often used by driver, and analyzing vehicle’s fuel consumption characteristics during sliding condition has practical significance on realizing the reasonable driving and lowering fuel consumption. Taking some light-duty diesel passenger vehicle as experimental object, this paper discussed the variation discipline and curves involving sliding speed, sliding time and fuel consumption rate based on various sliding tests, especially analyzed the fuel consumption difference of sliding in neutral and sliding in different gears. Finally, following conclusions are achieved: the average fuel consumption rate while vehicle sliding in different gears is similar, which is about to 1/50 of sliding in neutral’. While sliding, the vehicle’s fuel consumption rate basically maintains at a low level. But once the sliding speed decreases too low, the fuel consumption rate increases dramatically. Therefore, aiming at lowing fuel consumption and reducing emission discharge, vehicle sliding in gear should have priority to sliding in neutral and choosing a reasonable sliding speed range is important for reducing vehicle’s running fuel consumption and exhaust emission.

Pure 304L powder is used to mix with an additive to prepare a powder mixed paste. 304L honeycombs are fabricated by extruding the powder mixed paste, then dried and sintered. When sintering at 1150℃, 30minite, powder particles bind together and become grains. The structure parameters of and properties of sintered honeycombs were obtained by measuring and calculating. Results show that wall thickness 0.15~0.20mm, cell number (1/in2) 330~365, clear cross section (%) 73~79, specific surface Sv(sq m/cu dm）2.52~2.68; specific heat capacity Cp(J/g.K) 0.6~0.7, heat conductivity κ(W/m.K) 10~12; transverse compression strength 40~50 Mpa, longitudinal compression strength 140~150 Mpa. SEM/EDS analysis shows that the surface of sintered honeycombs is really rough, the structure of sintered honeycombs consists of matrix phase α-Fe(Cr,Ni) , complex compounds of silicon, iron and inclusion elements distributed in matrix . There is oxide film forming on surface of sintered honeycombs.

High-purity alumina ceramics was prepared using high-purity α-Al2O3 powder as raw material, nitrates or oxides of magnesium, chromium and copper as additives by a wet ball milling with a later dry pressing forming and normal pressure sintering process. The influence of additives on the sintering temperature, microstructure and bending strength of the prepared alumina ceramics was studies. The results showed that the additive doped with nitrate can be dispersed uniformly in the body with molecule scale, and the oxides obtained by decomposing of nitrates have the higher reactivity. Thus, the nitrate additives have better capacity than oxide additives in reducing the sintering temperature and inhibiting the abnormal grain growth, and the alumina ceramics prepared by adding of nitrate additives have higher density and bending strength.

High-purity nanoscale α-alumina powders with high specific surface area were prepared from boehmite powders synthesized by the method of aluminium isopropoxide hydrolysis. The physiochemical transformation of boehmite powders under heat-treatment was investigated. The results showed that the reaction progress of boehmite under heat-treatment is as follows: AlO(OH) → Al2O3 (amorphous) → γ-Al2O3 → δ-Al2O3 → α-Al2O3. The phase transformation from δ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 begins at 1050oC, and the α-Al2O3 grains growth accelerates as temperature increases. High-purity α-Al2O3 nanometer powders with higher specific surface area can be obtained after incineration at 1100oC for 4 h.

Alpermann: MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Employment. Haferlach:MLL Munich Leukemia Laboratory: Equity Ownership.

Abstract 783