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To evaluate the economic loss of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) among tumor patients so as to help policymakers to allocate health care resources and address the issue. We conducted a retrospective, 1:1 matched case-control study in a large region cancer hospital between January 1 and December 31, 2022. The economic burden was estimated as the median of the 1:1 pair differences of various hospitalization fees and hospital length of stay (LOS). In this study of 329 matched pairs, the patients with HAIs incurred higher hospitalization cost (ie, $16,927) and experienced longer hospital LOS (ie, 22 days), compared to the non-HAI groups. The extra hospitalization cost and the prolonged hospital LOS caused by HAIs were $4,919 and 9 days, respectively. Accordingly, the direct nonmedical economic loss attributable to HAI was approximately $478 to 835 per case. Furthermore, the increment of hospitalization costs varied by sites of infection, types of tumors, and stratum of age. HAIs lead to the increment of direct economic burden and hospital LOS in tumor patients. Our findings highlight the importance of implementing effective infection control measures in hospitals to reduce the financial burden on tumor patients. • Tumor patients with HAIs incurred higher hospitalization costs. • Tumor patients with HAIs experienced prolonged hospital stays. • Increment of hospitalization cost is mainly for diagnosis and treatment. • Increment in hospitalization cost and stay varied by types of tumors. • Increment of hospitalization cost differed in sites of infections and stratum of age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to analyze the influencing factors of supply chain risk management under FinTech innovation. It takes Enterprise A as the research object. To begin with, the basic knowledge of supply chain risk management is introduced, and its five influencing factors are discussed. Furthermore, the relevant theories of the cloud model are analyzed and three kinds of cloud generators are compared. Combined with Back Propagation Fuzzy Neural Network (BPFNN), a supply chain management model is constructed based on the fuzzy cloud model - BPFNN. Eventually, the middle-level and above managers at Enterprise A and experts are provided with questionnaires to assess the various factors impacting supply chain risk. The model's effectiveness is verified through error convergence iii training samples and the fitting of test samples. The results show that the test set sample's mean square error is stable at 0.0137, indicating the model's strong generalization ability. The cloud fuzzy neural network model for financial supply chain collaborative innovation's risk assessment is successfully established. According to the weight analysis, the highest risk factors in the financial industry's supply chain collaborative innovation management are trust risk, capability risk. loss of key customers, and changes in customer demand. This research on the influencing factors of supply chain risk management under collaborative innovation has certain practical significance for the risk management of collaborative innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing image segmentation is a crucial technique in the field of land management. However, existing semantic segmentation networks require a large number of floating-point operations (FLOPs) and have long run times. In this paper, we propose a dual-path feature aggregation network (DPFANet) specifically designed for the low-latency operations required in land management applications. Firstly, we use four sets of spatially separable convolutions with varying dilation rates to extract spatial features. Additionally, we use an improved version of MobileNetV2 to extract semantic features. Furthermore, we use an asymmetric multi-scale fusion module and dual-path feature aggregation module to enhance feature extraction and fusion. Finally, a decoder is constructed to enable progressive up-sampling. Experimental results on the Potsdam data set and the Gaofen image data set (GID) demonstrate that DPFANet achieves overall accuracy of 92.2% and 89.3%, respectively. The FLOPs are 6.72 giga and the number of parameters is 2.067 million. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: It is uncertain whether adjunctive thrombolysis is beneficial for patients with ST-segment--elevation myocardial infarction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 120 minutes of presentation. This study was to determine whether in patients presenting with ST-segment--elevation myocardial infarction a single bolus recombinant staphylokinase (r-SAK) before timely PCI leads to improved patency of the infarct-related artery and reduces the infarct size. METHODS: This is an open-label, prospective, multicenter, randomized study. We enrolled patients aged 18 to 75 years who were within 12 hours of symptom onset of ST-segment--elevation myocardial infarction and expected to undergo PCI within 120 minutes. Patients were administered loading doses of aspirin and ticagrelor and intravenous heparin and were randomized to receive 5 mg bolus of r-SAK or normal saline intravenously before PCI. The primary end point was Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 2 to 3 or grade 3 in the infarct-related artery 60 minutes after thrombolysis. The infarct size was detected by cardiac magnetic resonance 5 days after randomization. The safety end point was major bleeding (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium ≥3) during 30-day follow-up. RESULTS: A total of 283 patients were screened from 8 centers and 200 were randomized (median age, 58.5 years; 14% female). The median symptom to thrombolysis time was 252.5 (interquartile range, 142.8-423.8) minutes and thrombolysis to coronary arteriography was 50.0 (interquartile range, 37.0-66.0) minutes. Patients randomized to r-SAK compared with normal saline more often had Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 2 to 3 (69.0% versus 29.0%; P<0.001) and Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction flow grade 3 (51.0% versus 18.0%; P<0.001) and had smaller infarct size (21.91±10.84% versus 26.85±12.37%; P=0.016). There was no increase in major bleeding (r-SAK, 1.0% versus control, 3.0%; P=0.616). CONCLUSIONS: A single bolus r-SAK before primary PCI for ST-segment--elevation myocardial infarction improves infarctrelated artery patency and reduces infarct size without increasing major bleeding. REGISTRATION: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT05023681. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rectal cancer leads a major disease burden worldwide. Total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment for locally advanced or node-positive rectal cancer, while attempts to improve the surgery such as laparoscopic and transanal TME are widely used but have their inherent limitations. This bibliometric study analyzed research trends, cooperation, and knowledge dissemination on TME over the past 20 years to inform future directions. Methods: Relevant literature from 2003 to 2023 was extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed with VOSviewer, CiteSpace, and R for publication patterns, countries, institutions, authors, and research hotspots. Results: Five thousand three hundred forty-five related publications were included, with rising annual output and citations. The US and China contributed the most studies, while the Netherlands had greater influence. Leiden University ranked first in publications. The top authors were Heald, Kapiteijn, Sauer, Nagtegaal, and Peeters. Research shifted from cancer-focused to patient-centered care and from radiotherapy/chemotherapy to advanced surgery. Multicenter trials became more common. Conclusion: Although the United States and China have the largest number of publications, it should be noted that the influence of these two countries in the field of TME research is not the highest, which does not match the number of publications. In addition, telemedicine, interdisciplinary, medical-industrial integration, etc. may be potential directions for future research in the field of TME. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypoxia significantly influences the growth, metastasis and treatment resistance of cervical cancer (CC), thereby affecting patient prognosis. However, accurately predicting CC survival remains challenging, and the potential of hypoxia-related genes as prognostic markers remains uncertain. In this study, using CC single-cell transcriptional data from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, we employed the InferCNV package to identify tumor cells and used CellChat to confirm stronger intercellular interactions in tumor cells with high-hypoxia status. Next, we identified differentially expressed hypoxia-related genes (DEHLGs) by analyzing data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Genotype-Tissue Expression, and Molecular Signature Database, which were further screened using univariate Cox regression and lasso regression analyses, based on which we constructed a hypoxia prognosis model comprising nine prognosis-related genes. Risk scores were generated using multivariate Cox regression analysis. The prognosis model revealed that the overall survival rate was higher in the low-risk than in the high-risk group. The model's performance was assessed using the area under the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic curve, which yielded values of 0.836 and 0.804 for the training and test groups, respectively, indicating a robust prognostic capability of the model. A nomogram based on the nine hypoxia-related genes and training groups exhibited a favorable discriminatory ability for CC. Additionally, using CIBERSORT, we estimated the proportion of immune cells in patients with high- and low-hypoxia risk, revealing a higher proportion of macrophages (M0) and activated mast cells in the high-risk group. We successfully established a prognostic model for CC based on nine hypoxia-related genes to accurately predict the prognosis of affected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Small targets and occluded targets will inevitably appear in the image during the shooting process due to the influence of angle, distance, complex scene, illumination intensity, and other factors. These targets have feweffective pixels, few features, and no apparent features, which makes extracting their efficient features difficult and easily leads to false detection, missed detection, and repeated detection, affecting the performance of target detection models. An improved faster region convolutional neural network (RCNN) algorithm (CF-RCNN) integrating convolutional block attention module (CBAM) and feature pyramid networks (FPN) is proposed to improve the detection and recognition accuracy of small-size objects, occluded or truncated objects in complex scenes. Firstly, the CBAM mechanism is integrated into the feature extraction network to improve the detection ability of occluded or truncated objects. Secondly, the FPN-featured pyramid structure is introduced to obtain high-resolution and vital semantic data to enhance the detection effect of small-size objects. The experimental results show that the mean average precision of target detection of the improved algorithm on PASCALVOC2012 is improved to 76.1%, which is 13.8 percentage points higher than that of the commonly used Faster RCNN and other algorithms. Furthermore, it is better than the commonly used small sample target detection algorithm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a prevalent microvascular complication of diabetes and the leading cause of blindness and severe visual impairment in adults. The high levels of glucose trigger multiple intracellular oxidative stress pathways, such as POLDIP2, resulting in excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and increased expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), causing microvascular dysfunction. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) is a natural flavonoid small molecule antioxidant. However, it exhibits poor solubility in physiological environments, has a short half-life in vivo, and has low oral bioavailability. In this study, we present, for the first time, the synthesis of ultra-small Fe-DMY nano-coordinated polymer particles (Fe-DMY NCPs), formed by combining DMY with low-toxicity iron ions. In vitro and in vivo experiments confirm that Fe-DMY NCPs alleviate oxidative stress-induced damage to vascular endothelial cells by high glucose, scavenge excess ROS, and improve pathological features of DR, such as retinal vascular leakage and neovascularization. Mechanistic validation indicates that Fe-DMY NCPs can inhibit the activation of the Poldip2-Nox4-H 2 O 2 signaling pathway and downregulate vital vascular function indicators such as VCAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF. These findings suggest that Fe-DMY NCPs could serve as a safe and effective antioxidant and microangio-protective agent, with the potential as a novel multimeric drug for DR therapy. [Display omitted] • We report for the first time the synthesis and validation of ultra-small Fe-DMY NCPs particles. • We confirmed its ability of alleviating oxidative stress damage and ameliorating pathological features of DR. • Fe-DMY NCPs could inhibit the activation of Poldip2-Nox4-H2O2 signaling pathway and down-regulate VCAM-1, HIF-1α, and VEGF. • Fe-DMY NCPs may be a novel polymeric drug for DR as a safe and efficient antioxidant and microangio-protective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cervical cancer (CC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. During tumor development, transcriptional factors regulate the transcription of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. We examined the possibility of using transcription factors as prognostic biomarkers for patients with cervical cancer. Single-cell RNA-sequencing data were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify specific activated transcription factors in different types of cells from CC. Publicly available bulk RNA-sequencing and clinical data of CC were obtained to identify associated prognostic transcription factors using survival analysis and the random survival forest methods. Accuracy and effectiveness of the established transcription factor-related predictive random survival forest model were verified using training and test datasets. We identified specific activated transcription factors in tissue cells of cervical cancer. A 3-transcription factors (PBX4 (PBX Homeobox 4), EBF2 (EBF Transcription Factor 2) and ZNF696 (Zinc Finger Protein 696)) prognostic signature for patients with cervical cancer was constructed showing good survival prediction. Gene function enrichment analysis indicated a correlation between the prognostic characteristics and different signaling pathways associated with cancer. Using the random survival forest model based on the 3-transcription factor signature, patients with cervical cancer were stratified into low- and high-risk groups with significant variations in overall survival (p < 0.001). The area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operator characteristic revealed a strong predictive accuracy for training and test datasets of the corresponding signature. CC has cellular heterogeneity of transcriptional activation. Our analyses provide a novel transcription factor-associated prognostic model for CC. These transcription factors could be used as effective prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for patients with cervical cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uterine corpus endometrial adenocarcinoma is the prevalent gynaecological malignancy. The related morbidity and mortality are high despite the progress made in treatments. Therefore, efficient prognostic indicators and reliable predictive factors for the treatments are vital. In this study, the transcriptome and clinical data of endometrial adenocarcinoma samples were screened and downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) database. The relation between immune cell types and clinicopathological grade of endometrial adenocarcinoma was explored. The endometrial adenocarcinoma samples were divided into six immune subtypes based on immune microenvironment scores. The differential genes in immune subtypes were classified according to the score, and correlation enrichment analysis was made to explore the immune pathways related to prognosis and survival. They were divided into high and low risk groups according to the median risk score in order to explore the survival outcomes of the various immune scores. Finally, the relationship between tumour mutation burden, immune subtypes, and prognosis was discussed. Herein, the endometrial adenocarcinoma is classified based on immune microenvironment which demonstrates good predictive potential of immune-based classification strategy. The predicted outcomes are described for the patients at high risk of endometrial adenocarcinoma to improve the treatment strategies. Immune risk score can be used as an independent risk factor for overall survival of endometrial adenocarcinoma patients. This immune-based classification system can prognose endometrial adenocarcinoma patients at high risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy metals in medicinal herbal could pose a serious health risk, which have gained increasing attentions. Herein, a total of 13 commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicines were collected from a famous herbal medicine base in the Hebei province of China. Total concentrations of targeted metals in herbal medicines and in vitro extracts were analyzed by (ICP–MS) and the bioaccessibility of metals was conducted by a commonly used in vitro extraction method, physiologically based extraction test (PBET) method. Then, the concentration of Mn in samples was 7.78–676 mg·kg-1 and was higher than others (Kruskal–Wallis H test, p<0.01). The bioaccessibility of Co was the higher (68.95%, in average) and the lower was the Pb (22.88%, in average). No statistically significant difference was found in the THQs calculated by CT and CBA for adult and children except Zn. It was noted that As and Pb oral intake exposure risks for the selected CHMs were still in the safe level except HHL. Considering the bioaccessibility of heavy metals would be useful to avoid the overestimation of health risk and waste of Chinese herbal medicines resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have found that acute febrile infection may decrease the risk of breast cancer. Meanwhile, it is well known that interleukin-6 (IL6) played dual roles in the tumor microenvironment. Fever may stimulate IL6 production, and IL6 rs1800796 also influences the expression of IL6. However, the impact of fever and its interaction with IL6 rs1800796 on breast cancer survival remains to be explored. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of 4,223 breast cancer patients. Exposures were pre-/postdiagnostic infection-induced fever and rs1800796 polymorphism. The endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Adjusted hazard ratios were obtained using multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models. Results: Compared with women without prediagnostic fever, the adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of progression for those with prediagnostic fever was 0.81 (95% CI, 0.66-0.99), particularly for the CC genotype of IL6 rs1800796 (HR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36-0.79). OS was also better (HR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.36-0.99) among women with the CC genotype exposed to prediagnostic fever, accompanied by a significant interaction (P = 0.021). Postdiagnostic fever conferred better PFS for breast cancer (HR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.52-1.00). Irrespective of the genotype of IL6, lymph node-positive women with postdiagnostic fever (HR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.37-0.89) had a lower risk of progression than lymph node-negative women (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.70-1.79). Conclusions: Infection-induced fever was beneficial to breast cancer survival, particularly for women who were the CC genotype of IL6 rs1800796 or node positive. Impact: This study provides new insight into the roles of infection-induced fever as a potential prognostic marker and therapy regimen for breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glaesserella parasuis is a pathogen causing Glässer’s disease characterized by fibrinous polyserositis, polyarthritis, and meningitis. Owing to the low cross-immunogenicity of different bacterial antigens in commercial vaccines, finding and identifying effective immunoprotective antigens will facilitate the development of novel subunit vaccines. In this study, LolA, identified by bioinformatics approaches, was cloned and successfully expressed as a recombinant protein in Escherichia coli, and its immunogenicity and protection were evaluated in a mouse model. The results showed that the recombinant protein LolA can stimulate mice to produce high levels of IgG antibodies and confer 50% protection against challenge with the highly virulent G. parasuis CY1201 strain (serotype 13). By testing the cytokine levels of interleukin 4 (IL-4), IL-10, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), it was found that the recombinant protein LolA can induce both Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice. These results suggest that the recombinant protein LolA has the potential to serve as an alternative antigen for a novel vaccine to prevent G. parasuis infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To assess the efficacy of early rehabilitation program for VV-ECMO patients and observe the influence on the respiratory and skeletal muscles. A cohort study. The study was conducted with VVECMO patients in a comprehensive ICU with 32 beds. Ultrasound measurements were performed on each patients on day 1, 4, 7, 10, and 14, including diaphragmatic excursion (DE), diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF), intercostal muscle thickening fraction (ICMTF), thickness of the rectus femoris (RF), thickness of vastus intermedius (VI), and rectus femoris cross-sectional area (RF-CSA). Data on basic characteristics, results of ultrasound measurements, patients outcomes and adverse events were collected. 22 patients received usual rehabilitation measures were set as the control group and 23 patients underwent early rehabilitation program were set as the study group. There were no differences in diaphragmatic excursion, diaphragmatic thickening fraction, intercostal muscle thickening fraction, thickness of rectus femoris, thickness of vastus intermedius, rectus femoris cross-sectional area between two groups on day 1 after VV-ECMO treatment (P > 0.05). The variation of diaphragmatic thickening fraction and intercostal muscle thickening fraction decreased on the day 7 and 14 after treatment (P < 0.05). The variation of vastus intermedius thickness and rectus femoris cross-sectional area in the study group was less compared with those in the control group on day 4, 7, 10 and 14. The ECMO duration in the study group was shorter than that in the control group (12.00 [10.00–16.25] days vs. 8.00 [6.00–12.25] days, P = 0.002), but there was no difference in the duration of mechanical ventilation. Early rehabilitation program can ameliorate muscle atrophy. We recommend implementation of our rehabilitation program in VV-ECMO patients. This program can improve skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in patients with VV-ECMO effectively and perhaps improve quality of life for patients in the future. Early rehabilitation program put higher demands bedside nurses. It requires them to observe conditions of VVECMO patients closely, assess the feasibility of rehabilitation promptly, and monitor for any adverse reactions. Ultrasound measurement is a noninvasive and useful tool to assess muscle atrophy in ICU patients. Early rehabilitation program can improve skeletal muscle atrophy and dysfunction in patients with VV-ECMO effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low responsiveness to chemotherapy is an important cause of poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer. Smoking is a high-risk factor for pancreatic cancer and cancer resistance to gemcitabine; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1butanone (NNK) is the main metabolite of tobacco burning and has been shown to be associated with cancer development and chemoresistance. However, in pancreatic cancer, its mechanism remains poorly understood. In this study, we found that NNK promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Moreover, NNK increased autophagy and elevated the expression levels of the autophagy-related markers autophagy-related gene 5 (ATG5), autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7), and Beclin1. Furthermore, the results showed that NNK-promoted stemness and gemcitabine resistance was partially dependent on the role of NNK in cell autophagy, which is mediated by the β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR)Akt axis. Finally, we proved that NNK intervention could not only activate β2AR, but also increase its expression, making β2AR and Akt form a feedback loop. Overall, these findings show that the NNK-induced β2ARAkt feedback loop promotes stemness and gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to investigate the creep-fatigue interaction of 1Cr11Ni2W2MoV steel, strain-controlled low-cycle fatigue tests were performed at various strain ranges with fully reversible cycle of triangular waveform at 500°C. In addition, different hold times were introduced at the maximum tensile strain to investigate the impact of creep damage on fatigue life. Fracture surfaces and axial section were evaluated in terms of crack growth behavior and propagation path. The creep-fatigue life decreased with increasing hold time. It was observed that cyclic softening effect intensified with tensile holding. Crack initiation and growth behavior changed in relation to hold time that exceeded 60 s at a strain range of 1.2 %, which led to premature failure. Under the present test conditions, a good description of fatigue life was provided by the model based on inelastic strain energy density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Androgen exposure may be an important factor in promoting the development of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and disease progression. Bushen Huoxue Formula (BHF), a traditional Chinese medicine, is prescribed in clinical settings as a PCOS remedy, albeit with unclear pharmacological effects on granulosa cells. The present research explores potentially advantageous BHF impacts and whereby BHF alleviates dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)-induced inflammation and endocrine disruption. Six chemical components in BHF were identified and fingerprint analysis showed good reproducibility. Using a human granulosa cell line (KGN), BHF effects on cell viability, secretion of steroidogenic and inflammatory factors were evaluated and TLR4/NF-κB pathway expression was examined. Our results demonstrate that BHF treatment of KGN cells in a DHEA-induced inflammatory state led to increased cell viability, decreased testosterone and estradiol production, and decreased CYP19A1 and HSD3B2 mRNA expression. Further experiments revealed that BHF inhibited the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and considerably hindered upregulation in protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, and TRAF6, while inhibiting the activation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of IκBa. Collectively, BHF administration protected granulosa cells from DHEA-induced injuries through downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines and blocking the pathway of TLR4/NF-κB. Therefore, BHF hold promise as a therapeutic formulation for preventing androgen induced PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current outdoor wind comfort index is mainly to evaluate the impact of the mechanical effect of wind on human body. In the actual outdoor human wind comfort evaluation, it is necessary to establish an index that considers the thermal effect of wind at the same time. Firstly, the coupling method of thermal and mechanical effects of wind is proposed, and 16 kinds of coupling relations between Soligo wind comfort index and UTCI thermal climate index are established; Secondly, Taking Changsha City as the research area, the applicability of UTCI index was analyzed and corrected by field meteorological observation and TSV questionnaire survey; Finally, the wind comfort evaluation index of Changsha under the dual coupling effect of wind is established. The results show that: the scale of UTCI without heat stress in Changsha is revised from [+9,+26] to [+15.4,+32.4]. When the probability of wind speed exceeding the threshold in spring meets P (va,h=1.5 > 2.5) ≤ 20%, it can meet all the requirements of human body wind comfort under sitting, standing and walking behavior; when the probability of wind speed exceeding the threshold in autumn meets P(va,h=1.5 > 2.5, va,h=1.5 < 1.25) ≤ 20% > P(va,h=1.5 > 3.8, v va,h=1.5 < 1.25) ≤ 20%, P(va,h=1.5 > 3.9, va,h=1.5 < 1.25) ≤ 20%, it can meet the requirements of human body wind comfort under sitting, standing and walking behavior respectively; It is hot in summer and cold in winter, wind environment in these two seasons cannot meet the requirements of human comfort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development of urbanization and the continuous growth of urban population, the urban environment is affected. An overheated environment will seriously affect the health of urban residents. The environment outside the building is the site most frequently used by urban residents, and finding ways to improve the environment outside the building has become the focus of recent research. The external environment characteristics of a building include related factors such as temperature, humidity, wind, and ambient radiation temperature. The changes of these factors not only depend on the spatial characteristics of the building itself, but are also closely related to the composition of the underlying surface surrounding the building. As an important part of the composition of the city, the tree community has a good effect on the improvement of the environment. Human comfort is an important index to evaluate the comfort degree of environment. This paper adopts the methods of field measurement and software analysis, and takes the tree community of the Olympic Forest Park as the research object to discuss the impact of the park tree community on human comfort. The research results show that during the high temperature period, the tree community has a certain cooling and humidification benefit relative to the surrounding environment. The maximum cooling intensity is 2.96°C, and the maximum humidification intensity is 8.34%. In addition, compared to the external environment of the park, the tree community could reduce the discomfort index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogen attacks affect tree health, causing considerable economic losses as well as serious damage to the surrounding environment. Understanding the disease resistance mechanisms of trees is important for tree breeding. In previous studies on birch (Betula platyphylla × B. pendula), we identified a lesion mimic mutant called lmd. We found that reduced expression of BpEIL1 was responsible for the phenotype in lmd. Following cloning, we acquired several BpEIL1 overexpression and suppression lines in birch. In this study, we cloned the BpEIL1 promoter and found that BpEIL1 was primarily expressed in leaves, particularly in veins. We further studied the traits of transgenic lines and the function of BpEIL1 in disease resistance in birch using the BpEIL1 overexpression line OE9, the suppression line SE13 and the non-transgenic line NT. We found that hydrogen peroxide accumulated in SE13 leaves. Ascorbate peroxidase and catalase activity significantly increased in SE13. SE13 was more resistant to the fungal pathogens Alternaria alternata and Rhizoctonia solani than were the OE9 and NT lines. RNA-seq indicated that pathways related to signal transduction, disease resistance and plant immunity were enriched in SE13. BpEIL1 is thus a negative regulatory transcription factor for disease resistance in birch. This study provides a reference for disease resistance of birch and other trees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]