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Different doses of ferric chloride and biochar (Fe/BC) were used for aerobic composting.Fe/BC co-conditioning composting significantly reduced NH3volatilization.Fe/BC co-conditioning composting enhanced N retention and total nutrients.NH3emission reduction was mainly related to AOB, NH4+–N and TN during composting.Fe/BC co-conditioning composting could enhance economic and environmental benefits.

Exploring highly active centers for NN triple-bond activation and the suppression of the competing H2evolution reaction (HER) are key considerations for photocatalytic N2fixation. As a novel 2D transition-metal carbide, Ti3C2nanosheets (MXenes) have been recently considered as a promising N2reduction reaction (NRR) active center. However, little of the expected progress in the use of Ti3C2for photocatalytic N2fixation has been achieved. Herein, we report a novel 2D/2D Ti3C2/N-defect g-C3N4heterostructure photocatalyst exhibiting highly enhanced photocatalytic nitrogen fixation activity, with an NH3yield of 5.792 mg h−1g−1. This study demonstrates that the heterostructure was constructed by filling the oxygen-terminals of Ti3C2in the N-defects of g-C3N4to form C–O–Ti interactions. Together, the construction of the hetero-interface and the introduction of N-defects contribute to rapid interfacial charge transfer to the active sites. Importantly, the exposed edge Ti of Ti3C2was confirmed to be the active site for N2adsorption and activation, and these active Ti sites exhibit desirable NRR selectivity viasuppressing the competing HER. Finally, a mechanism for photocatalytic N2fixation was proposed to reveal the evolution of the redox circle that originated from the multi-valence Ti species during the N2adsorption, activation, and dissociation process.

ABSTRACTTo investigate mechanism of pericytes in the early stage of subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) and its associated microvascular spasm and neurovascular injury, 100 healthy 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were taken as subjects and divided into four groups: group A (sham operation, control group), group B (SAH operation group), group C (SAH operation group treated with scutellarin), and group D (SAH operation group treated with L-nitro-arginine). 72 hours after the operation, the rats were conducted assessment of neurological impairment, observation of microangiography, detection of blood-brain barrier permeability, observation of skull base haemorrhage, identification of pericyte culture, and measurement of blood nitric oxide. The results showed that neurological impairment score, degree of micro-vasoconstriction, and BBB permeability of group C were significantly better than those of group B and D (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between group C and group A (P>0.05). There were significantly fewer blood clots in the brain of group C, and the order of expression levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in perioperative cells of the four groups from highest to lowest were D, B, C, and A. Nitric oxide concentration inhibited expression of α-SMA in pericytes after SAH at both protein and mRNA levels. The detection results of nitric oxide in the blood of four groups of rats confirmed that pericyte phenotype conversion and actin α-SMA expression could be prevented by upregulation of nitric oxide in serum, so as to relieve pathological symptoms after SAH operation.

ABSTRACTTo investigate the effect of miR-149-5p on sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 (S1PR2) expression level and contents of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-9) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the pericytes after acute cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats, so as to clarify the neuroprotective molecular mechanism induced by miR-149-5p and provide references for the treatment of neurological diseases, 60 male SD rats aged 7–8 weeks were selected and divided randomly into test group (establishing middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model) and control group (no modeling). Rat pericytes and peripheral cerebral infarction tissues were collected 12 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, and 7 d after MCAO modeling, respectively. The pericytes were identified by immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and transfected with miR-149-5p. Fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQPCR) and Western blot were adopted to detect S1PR2 expression level. The expression of S1PR2 in MCAO model rats was detected by IFA. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect the changes of MMP9 protein and mRNA levels of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 in brain tissue. The results showed that mRNA level and protein expression level of S1PR2 in the test group were higher than those in the control group three days after MCAO modeling (P< 0.05); the expression of S1PR2 increased 12 h after MCAO modeling and returned to the normal level on the 5th day, and the content of MMP9 protein in brain tissue of the test group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P< 0.05); the mRNA levels and SODs activity of SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3 in the test group were higher than those in the control group (P< 0.05). Therefore, miR-149-5p played a neuroprotective role by regulating S1PR2 to change the expression levels of SODS and MMP9.

Hydrochar, recognized as a green and sustainable soil amendment, has garnered significant attention. However, information on the aging process in soil and the temporal variability of hydrochar remains limited. This study delves deeper into the interaction between hydrochar and soil, focusing on primary factors influencing hydrochar aging during a 30-month rice–wheat rotation system. The results showed that the initial aging of hydrochar (0–16 months) is accompanied by the development of specific surface area and leaching of hydrochar-derived dissolved organic matter (HDOM), resulting in a smaller particle size and reduced carbon content. The initial aging also features a mineral shield, while the later aging (16 to 30 months) involves surface oxidation. These processes collectively alter the surface charge, hydrophilicity, and composition of aged hydrochar. Furthermore, this study reveals a dynamic interaction between the HDOM and DOM derived from soil, plants, and microbes at different aging stages. Initially, there is a preference for decomposing labile carbon, whereas later stages involve the formation of components with higher aromaticity and molecular weight. These insights are crucial for understanding the soil aging effects on hydrochar and HDOM as well as evaluating the interfacial behavior of hydrochar as a sustainable soil amendment.

Cyclophilin D (CypD) is a mitochondrial matrix peptidyl prolidase that regulates the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Inhibition of CypD was suggested as a therapeutic strategy for acute pancreatitis. Peptide inhibitors emerged as novel binding ligand for blocking receptor activity. In this study, we present our computational approach for designing peptide inhibitors of CypD. The 3-D structure of random peptides were built, and docked into the active center of CypD using Rosetta script integrated FlexPepDock module. The peptide displayed the lowest binding energy against CypD was further selected for virtual iterative mutation based on virtual mutagenesis and molecular docking. Finally, the top 5 peptides with the lowest binding energy was selected for validating their affinity against CypD using inhibitory assay. We showed 4 out of the selected 5 peptides were capable for blocking the activity of CypD, while WACLQ display the strongest affinity against CypD, which reached 0.28 mM. The binding mechanism between WACLQ and CypD was characterized using molecular dynamics simulation. Here, we proved our approach can be a robust method for screening peptide inhibitors.

The environmental risks of hydrochar on soils need to be clarified before mass engineering application.The influence of soil microbes needs to be investigated to illustrate the impact of hydrochar on greenhouse gas emissions.More research needs to be conducted to reveal the economic benefits of hydrochar and the coupling with anaerobic digestion.

Transplantation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) is a proven safe and effective method for treatment of cerebral ischemia in animal experiments. However, safety and efficacy need to be determined in clinical trials. We performed a two‐center, randomized, placebo‐controlled phase I/IIa trial with blinded outcome assessment on 18 patients with acute cerebral infarct within the middle cerebral artery territory, and followed for up to 4 years. Autologous ex vivo expanded EPCs were injected intravenously in the EPC group, and patients who received saline or autologous bone marrow stromal cells served as control groups. Mortality of any cause, adverse events, and new‐onset comorbidities were monitored. Changes in neurological deficits were assessed at different time points. We found no toxicity events or infusional or allergic reactions in any treated group. Three patients in the placebo group died during the 4‐year follow‐up. We found that the EPC group had fewer serious adverse events compared with the placebo‐controlled group, although there were no statistical differences in mortality among the three groups. Furthermore, there was no significant difference in neurological or functional improvement observed among the three groups, except for the Scandinavia Stroke Scale score at 3 months between the EPC group and placebo‐controlled group. Autologous transplantation of EPCs appears to improve long‐term safety in acute cerebral infarct patients, supporting the feasibility of this novel method for treatment of ischemic stroke (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01468064). StemCellsTranslationalMedicine2019;8:14–21

Biomimetic in situhemin catalyzed polymerization of aniline was used to prepare several polyaniline (PANI) based nanocomposites and MoS2/PANI composite was chosen to modify glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) because it showed the strongest electrochemical catalytic effect on bisphenol A (BPA). The electrochemical response of the modified GCE to BPA was investigated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). When the mass ratio of MoS2to aniline monomer was 0.036, the MoS2/PANI/GCE had the highest peak currents, displaying remarkable synergistic effect for detection of BPA. The peak current was linear related to the concentration of BPA in the range from 0.001 to 0.1 μM and from 0.1 to 1 μM respectively. The modified electrode was successfully employed for the determination of BPA in leaching of commercial containers and satisfactory recoveries were obtained.

In this work, a polyaniline@iron oxide (PANI@iron oxide) composite was synthesized by using an ecofriendly hemin-based biomimetic method at mild conditions. The PANI@iron oxide composite was characterized with scanning electron microscopy, UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and thermal gravimetric analysis, and its adsorption behavior was further tested. Results showed that PANI@iron oxide can efficiently remove both anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solution. For adsorption of dyes of methyl orange (MO) and rhodamine B (RhB) on PANI@iron oxide, the kinetic data match well with pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption data were evaluated using Langmuir, Freundlich and Dubinin–Radushkevich isothermal models. For MO, high correlation coefficients (R2) confirmed the validity of Langmuir isotherm, with monolayer adsorption capacity of 63.89 mg g–1. For RhB, the Freundlich isotherm was precisely fit the equilibrium data. The values of ΔH° and ΔG° in the thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of dyes is endothermic and spontaneous. The value of ΔS° revealed that randomness at the solid–solution interface increases. NaOH solution was effective for desorption of dyes from PANI@iron oxide. For PANI, dedoping process happened during desorption, and then the structure and charge changed during desorption process.

Ammonia (NH3), as a typical harmful gaseous pollutant in atmosphere, poses a serious threat to human health and ecological environment. It is of great significance to develop the cost-effective catalysts with both excellent selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) activity and N2selectivity. In this study, the acidic sites of layered MnO2were regulated and its NH3-SCO performance was investigated. The enhancement of acidic sites in layered MnO2significantly improved the SCO of NH3, and the resulting MnO2could achieve complete conversion of NH3at as lower as 100 °C, even better than the reported noble-metal catalysts. Furthermore, the improvement in NH3-SCO activity can be attributed to the abundant active oxygen species and enhancement of acidic sites (especially stronger Brønsted acidic sites). On the one hand, more active oxygen species can enhance the catalytic oxidation of NH3. On the other hand, Brønsted acidic sites acted not only as adsorption sites but also reaction sites, the increase in the content and strength of acidic sites facilitated the adsorption and activation of NH3. This research reveals the functional role of acidic sites in NH3-SCO, and provides a suggestive for the rational design of catalysts with excellent N2selectivity and low-temperature NH3-SCO activity.

Microplastics (MPs) were considered as emerging pollutants in soil. Cadmium (Cd) is the typical heavy metal contaminant in paddy soil in China. It was not unraveled that the effects of the existence of MPs on soil properties and Cd adsorption after rice growth in paddy soil, one of the most important soil types in China. In this study, several typical MPs in dosage of 0.5% (w/w) with different particle sizes, including polyethylene (PE, 200μm), polyacrylonitrile (PAN, 200μm), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET, 200 and 10μm), were selected and aged for a rice season (∼6 months) in paddy soil by column experiments. Some essential physicochemical properties of paddy soil collected from different treatments and the adsorption performance of typical metal contaminants (cadmium, Cd) in paddy soil with MPs coexisting were compared. The results indicated that the 6-month existence of 200μmMPs increased water content (15.94% to 26.08-30.30%), pH value (7.05 to 7.16–7.33), organic matter (OM) content (15.1 gkg −1to 18.2–22.9 gkg −1), the percentage of soil sand and Cd adsorption capacity of paddy soil, whereas decreased soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), the percentage of soil clay and silt. The adsorption experiments of Cd in soil showed that the adsorption behavior was consistent with the pseudo-second order and Langmuir isotherm model, and the addition of MPs would increase the adsorption capacity of Cd in soil. Besides, the particle size of MPs was found to be one of the dominant factors, in which MPs with smaller particle size (10μm) favored the increase of water content, pH, OM content, CEC, and adsorption performance with Cd. The results of this study could provide a supplemental understanding of the effect of MPs input on the paddy soil ecosystem, including the soil properties and the bioavailability and transport of metal in paddy soil.

To explore the effect of individualized comfortable nursing on prognosis of vacuum sealing drainage (VSD) in patients with orthopedic trauma. 110 patients with orthopedic trauma VSD were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group, with 55 patients in each group receiving routine care and comfortable care. The wound healing time, visual analog scale, quality of life score, the level of inflammatory factors, the incidence of complications, and patient satisfaction were compared between the 2 groups. The average time of wound healing in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P< .01). The satisfaction rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P= .029). Meanwhile, the results showed that visual analog scale and quality of life scores in the observation group was significantly improved than that of the control group after receiving intervention (P< .05). After receiving intervention, the levels of TNF-αand IL-6 of patients in both groups were decreased, and the levels of TNF-αand IL-6 in the observation group were significantly decreased than those in the control group. Moreover, the incidence rate of adverse reaction in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P< .01). Comfortable nursing can reduce the wound healing time, the postoperative pain level, the incidence of complications, and improve patient satisfaction, which is of great significance for the prognosis of VSD in patients with orthopedic trauma.

Aged hydrochar undergoes surface oxidation, mineral complexation, and leaching.Ash content and SSA play the essential role in enhancing Cd sorption and site heterogeneity.Aging degree and sorption behavior differ markedly between pyrochar and hydrochar.

The task of circular economy in mining industry is to develop and utilize a large number of tailing residue that has been shelved for a long time. An economical and sustainable utilization strategy of potassium feldspar tailing residue is reported. The ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts using tailing residue as raw materials by a template-free hydrothermal method are synthesized for selective catalytic reduction (SCR), abandoning the high pollution and energy consumption method of zeolite synthesis from fine chemicals. The effects of feed NaOH and Al2(SO4)3·18H2O on tailing residue and zeolite products are systematically studied, which proved that the silicon and aluminum elements in the tailing residue can be efficiently utilized. The results of scaling up experiment and experiment without additional aluminum confirm the feasibility and repeatability of tailing residue utilization. The synthesized ZSM-5 was used to prepare the Ce-Fe-ZSM-5 catalyst for NO reduction to N2and showed excellent activity, with the NOxconversion remaining above 80% at the range of 300 °C~500 °C. The synergistic effect of Ce and Fe ions promoted the formation of more chemisorbed oxygen and accelerated the reaction rate of NO and NH3adsorbed on the catalyst surface, resulting in a significant increase in the low-temperature activity of 1%Ce-Fe-ZSM-5. In this study, zeolite catalysts with excellent catalytic effect from tailing residue that can be used in petrochemical fields are successfully synthesized. The route is economic, environmental, and recyclable, which provides an opportunity for comprehensive development and application of tailing residue.

•This study used a 3.0T high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging to explore basilar artery plaque characteristics in patients suffering from acute isolated pontine infarction.•The study also used plaque analysis software to calculate the properties of the plaques and to fully analyze and compare the differences between two types of pontine infarction.•The result may account for the different prognosis associated with these two types of pontine infarction.