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To evaluate the therapeutic effects of nape acupuncture combined with rehabilitative swallowing training for dysphagia caused by pseudobulbar palsy, and to compare it with rehabilitative swallowing training alone, and to observe the improvement in quality of life after the therapy.

Abstract:Ordovician fracture‐cavity carbonate reservoir beds are the major type of producing formations in the Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin. The seismic responses of these beds clearly changes depending on the different distance of the fracture‐cavity reservoir bed from the top of the section. The seismic reflection becomes weak or is absent when the fracture‐cavity reservoir beds are less than 20 ms below the top Ordovician. The effect on top Ordovician reflection became weaker with deeper burial of fracture‐cavity reservoir beds but the developed deep fracture‐cavity reservoir beds caused stronger reflection in the interior of the Ordovician. This interior reflection can be divided into strong long‐axis, irregular and bead string reflections, and was present 80 ms below the top Ordovician. Aimed at understanding reflection characteristics, the spectral decomposition technique, which uses frequency to “tune‐in” bed thickness, was used to predict Ordovician fracture‐cavity carbonate formations in the Tahe oilfield. Through finely adjusting the processing parameters of spectral decomposition, it was found that the slice at 30 Hz of the tuned data cube can best represent reservoir bed development. Two large N‐S‐trending strong reflection belts in the mid‐western part of the study area along wells TK440‐TK427‐TK417B and in the eastern part along wells TK404‐TK409 were observed distinctly on the 30 Hz slice and 4‐D time‐frequency data cube carving. A small N‐S trending reflection belt in the southern part along wells T403‐TK446B was also clearly identified. The predicted reservoir bed development area coincides with the fracture‐cavities connection area confirmed by drilling pressure testing results. Deep karst cavities occur basically in three reservoir bed‐development belts identified by the Ordovician interior strong reflection. Spectral decomposition proved to be a useful technique in identifying fracture‐cavity reservoir beds.

Abstract: The geological background of the Subei basin is that of small relief subsidence, low geothermal gradient, multi-sedimentary hiatuses, intense reconstruction of the basin, frequent magmatic activity, and a unique combination of source rock and reservoir. This geological background resulted in characteristics such as many small fault blocks, multiple oil-bearing formations, scattered oil distribution, mini- to small-sized reservoirs, and difficulties in exploration. Aimed at such characteristics, an effective exploration strategy was adopted, and the oil reserves, production and economic benefits of the Jiangsu oilfield were significantly increased. This exploration strategy included understanding the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of source rocks, progressive evaluation of oil resources, comprehensive research on the faulted systems, the distribution of oil reservoirs and their controlling factors. The techniques used included integration of acquisition, processing and interpretation with 3-D seismics as the core technology, trap description and evaluation, directional drilling and cluster drilling, integration of cuttings logging, gas chromatographic logging and geochemical logging, and integration of early reservoir description and progressive exploration and development. This strategy could be guidance for other complex fault blocks.

To investigate the effect of costimulatory factors in the pathogenesis of chronic idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (CITP), we examined the expression of CD80 on platelets and megakaryocytes in patients with CITP and the controls by FACS. By using CD80 monoclonal antibody (McAb) to inhibit interaction among cells which is mediated by costimulatory factors, we observed the effect of CD80 McAb on the growth and maturation of megakaryocytic progenitors of patients with CITPin vitro. The results showed the expression of CD80 on platelets and megakaryocytes in CITP group was significantly higher than that in controls (P<0.01). There was a significantly positive correlation between the expression of CD80 on platelets and serum PAIgG in CITP (r=0.86,P<0.05). The mean of various clone numbers (CFU-MK, BFU-MK and mCFU-MK) in CITP were all lower than those in controls (P<0.05). In megakaryocytes co-cultured with CD80 McAb, there was an increasing tendency of the number of CFU-MK and big CFU-MK (the number of megakaryocyte with GP IIIapositive was more than 20) and mediate CFU-MK (the number megakaryocyte with GP IIIapositive was 11–20). When the concentration of CD80 McAb was 10 μg/L, there was a significant difference in the number of megakaryocytic colony formation (CFU-MK, BFU-MK and mCFU-MK) between the group with CD80 McAb and that without it (P<0.05). These showed the abnormality of costimulatory factors had important effect in the pathogenesis of CITP.

This paper discusses feedback control problems for affine nonlinear singular systems. Namely, the problems of regularization (regular singular systems have for a particular initial state and input, a unique solution), non-interaction and exact linearization. First, an algorithm providing necessary and sufficient conditions for the regularizability of the affine nonlinear singular systems is introduced. This algorithm resembles the well-known constrained dynamics algorithm for affine nonlinear systems. For regularizable affine nonlinear singular systems, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the non-interacting control problem are derived. They are based on another algorithm producing a sequence of integers, the generalization of the well known notion of relative degree for usual affine nonlinear systems. Finally, the problem of feedback exact linearization of the dynamic part of singular systems is briefly addressed. An example is provided to illustrate the main results.

The paper discusses input-output decoupling problems for nonlinear singular system. Firstly, suffident conditions are given under which there exists a nonsingular-feedback such that the corresponding closed-loop systetl possesses the property that the solutions of such a system exist and are impulse-free for any piecewise continuous control and initial condition. Then, sufficient and necessary conditions are derived under which static feecback input-output decoupling probletl is solvalble

The first part of the paper is a short review of the dynamic input-output model of macroeconomic systems. By using the input-output approach, a dynamic input-output model with two control variables is presented. With the appropriate performance objective (such as the consumption-tracking control criterion), a dynamic game model of the macroeconomic system is constructed. In the second part, the Stackelberg strategy concept is introduced to the dynamic game given in the first part. By using the standard variational techniques, the necessary conditions for the existence of open-loop Stackelberg strategy is derived, and the open-loop Stackelberg strategy is given. In addition, an example is provided for illustrating the results of the paper.