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3,3,3-trifluoropropene (R1243zf), which has good environmental and cycling characteristics, is a very promising fourth generation new working fluid. However, it is flammable, so studying its combustion characteristics and how to suppress its flammability are of great significance. Firstly, the flammability limits of three binary mixtures composed of a combustible substance (R1243zf) and three flame retardants (R245fa, R1216, and R13I1) were experimentally studied. The results showed that as the proportion of flame retardants increased, the lower flammability limit of the mixture increased, while the upper flammability limit decreased except for R245fa. The critical suppression ratios of R245fa, R1216, and R13I1 on R1243zf were 4, 0.538, and 0.538, respectively. Then, the improved group contribution method was used to predict the minimum inhibitory concentration of R1243zf, with an error of only 4.57 % compared to the experimental values. Finally, the influence of variable ambient temperature (25–100℃) on the flammability of R1243zf was studied, and the calculated adiabatic flame temperature method was used to predict the flammability limit at different temperatures. The error between the predicted values and the experimental values is only 1.7 %. The relevant results are of great significance for the safe application of R1243zf and new binary mixed working fluids.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of radiomics signatures derived from polyenergetic images (PEIs) and virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) obtained through dual-layer spectral detector CT (DLCT). Moreover, it sought to develop a clinical-radiomics nomogram based on DLCT for predicting cancer stage (early stage: stage I-II, advanced stage: stage III-IV) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods: A total of 173 patients histopathologically diagnosed with PDAC and who underwent contrast-enhanced DLCT were enrolled in this study. Among them, 49 were in the early stage, and 124 were in the advanced stage. Patients were randomly categorized into training (n= 122) and test (n= 51) cohorts at a 7:3 ratio. Radiomics features were extracted from PEIs and 40-keV VMIs were reconstructed at both arterial and portal venous phases. Radiomics signatures were constructed based on both PEIs and 40-keV VMIs. A radiomics nomogram was developed by integrating the 40-keV VMI-based radiomics signature with selected clinical predictors. The performance of the nomogram was assessed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration curves, and decision curves analysis (DCA). Results: The PEI-based radiomics signature demonstrated satisfactory diagnostic efficacy, with the areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) of 0.92 in both the training and test cohorts. The optimal radiomics signature was based on 40-keV VMIs, with AUCs of 0.96 and 0.94 in the training and test cohorts. The nomogram, which integrated a 40-keV VMI-based radiomics signature with two clinical parameters (tumour diameter and normalized iodine density at the portal venous phase), demonstrated promising calibration and discrimination in both the training and test cohorts (0.97 and 0.91, respectively). DCA indicated that the clinical-radiomics nomogram provided the most significant clinical benefit. Conclusions: The radiomics signature derived from 40-keV VMI and the clinical-radiomics nomogram based on DLCT both exhibited exceptional performance in distinguishing early from advanced stages in PDAC, aiding clinical decision-making for patients with this condition.

A kind of nanomaterial of hollow PtPd nanocubes was produced, and they showed good radiation protection capabilities both in vitro and in vivo by scavenging free radicals.

With the emergence of high‐dynamic range (HDR) image and video, displaying an HDR image or video on a standard dynamic range displays with natural visual effect, clear details on local areas, and high‐contrast ratio has become an important issue. To achieve HDR, local‐dimming technique has been commonly practiced. In this paper, we investigate the problem of local dimming for LED‐backlight LC display to provide algorithm support for developing HDR displays. A novel local‐dimming algorithm is proposed to improve the contrast ratio, enhance the visual quality, and reduce the power consumption of the LCDs. The proposed algorithm mainly consists of two parts. The first part is a backlight luminance extraction method based on dynamic threshold and the maximum grayscale of an image block to improve the contrast ratio and reduce the power consumption. In the second one, a pixel compensation method based on logarithmic function is used to improve the visual quality and contrast ratio. At the same time, in order to better smooth the backlight diffusion at the edges of the backlight luminance signal to enhance the accuracy of the pixel compensation, we draw on the idea of BMA and improve it to establish the backlight diffusion model with different low‐pass‐filter templates for different types of blocks. Simulation and measured results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the competing ones in contrast ratio, visual quality, and power‐saving ratio. We investigate the problem of local dimming for LED‐backlight LC display to provide algorithm support for developing HDR displays. The focus of this research is on the realization of the potential of local‐dimming strategy in improving the CR and visual quality of LED‐backlight LC displays. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperform the competing ones in contrast ratio and visual quality, consume less energy.

BACKGROUND:High-risk(HR) cytogenetics are significantly enriched in MM with EMD , and studies consistently showed EMD and HR cytogenetics were associated with poor outcome. To date, there is no established approach for treatment of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) with EMD. Selinexor is a first-in-class Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compound that selectively binds and inactivates XPO1, which leads to accumulation of tumor suppressor proteins in the nucleus and re-activation of cell cycle regulators such as p53, FOXO, IkB. Meanwhile, by forcing the nuclear retention of the eIF4E protein, Selinexor reduces the cytoplasmic ribosomal translation of oncoproteins, including c-Myc, Bcl-2 and Bcl-6. In the STORM study(NCT02343042), 122 patients(pts) with penta-exposed, triple-class refractory multiple myeloma were enrolled to receive Selinexor combined with low-dose dexamethasone. 27 patients were diagnosed with EMD at baseline. The median age of patients was 64 years, the median prior therapies were 7, and 8 pts had high risk cytogenetics. Follow-up evaluation of plasma cell tumor was performed in 16 cases, and complete disappearance or shrinkage of extramedullary lesions was observed in 9 cases. It indicates that Selinexor has clinical activity in the treatment of plasma cell tumor or EMD. The treatment of MM with EMD or HR cytogenetics still faces great challenges, because there is no uniform guideline and consensus to recommend standard protocols, and prospective clinical studies are urgently needed to explore new treatment strategies.

ABSTRACTThe heterogeneity in human breast cancer poses a challenge for effective treatment. Better understanding of tumor initiation and development will help to resolve this problem. Current models explaining intratumoral diversity include cancer stem cells, clonal evolution and cancer cell dedifferentiation and reprogramming. Herein, a new model, cancer transmission, is proposed to explain cancer heterogeneity. We found breast cancer cells (MCF10A.NeuT) were capable of transforming normal mammary epithelial cells (MCF10A). The transformed cells exhibited cancerous properties including enhanced proliferation and migration, loss of apical-basal polarity and depolarized acini structure associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The transformed MCF10A cells displayed distinct EMT characteristics compared to parental cells. We further showed that cancer cell-secreted factors were sufficient to induce cancerous transformation of normal cells. Furthermore, transformed cells were resistant to radiation treatment, providing new insights into mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance.

In this paper, a new approach is proposed to construct willow tree (WT) for generalized hyperbolic (GH) Lévy processes. There are two advantages of our proposed approach compared to the classical WT methods. Firstly, it avoids the moments matching from Johnson curve in the known WT construction. Secondly, the error of European option pricing is only determined by time partition ∆t under some conditions. Since the moments of Lévy measure are removed from this algorithm, our approach improves the stability and accuracy of WT in option pricing. Numerical experiments support our claims. Moreover, the new approach can be extended to other Lévy processes if their characteristic functions are expressed by explicit forms.

The Cks1 protein is a member of the highly conserved family of Cks/Suc1 proteins, which interact with Cdks, and was found to be an essential cofactor for efficient Skp2-dependent ubiquitination of p27. The present study was undertaken to examine the expression status of Cks1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and its significance.

AbstractA TDS (X, f) is called N-accessibleif for any and any Nnonempty open subsets U1, U2, … UNof Xthere are Npoints x1ε U1, x2ε U2, … xNε UNand a positive integer nsuch that : . A TDS (X,f) is called N-sensitiveif there is a positive number τsuch that in every nonempty open subset Uof Xthere are Ndistinct points of Uand a positive integer nwith , .A TDS (X,f) is called (N1,N2)- everywhere chaoticif it is N1-sensitive and N2-accessible. We point out that there is a system which is (N1,N2)-everywhere chaotic, but it is not (N1+ 1, N2)-everywhere chaotic for any positive integers N1and N2.

p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38) has been shown to be activated in hematopoietic stem and progenitors cells after exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and its activation has been implicated in bone marrow (BM) suppression under various pathological conditions. Therefore, in the present study we investigated whether inhibition of p38 activity alone with SB203580 (SB, a specific p38 inhibitor) or in combination with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) can mitigate total body irradiation (TBI)-induced BM damage and lethality. Our results showed that p38 inhibition with SB had no significant effect on the 30-day survival rates of the mice exposed to 7.2 Gy TBI when it was used alone but increased the survival of the mice when it was combined with G-CSF. This combined effect may be attributable to a better preservation or stimulation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, because BM cells from SB and G-CSF-treated mice produced more colony forming units-granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM) and 4-week cobblestone area forming cells (CAFCs) than the cells from either SB or G-CSF-treated mice after TBI in a colony forming cell assay and a CAFC assay, respectively. These findings suggest that the combined therapy with SB and G-GSF is more effective in mitigating TBI-induced acute BM injury than either agent alone.

AbstractFor an invariant measure μin a topological dynamic system, notions of F-μ-pairwise sensitivity and F-μ-sensitivity are introduced and investigated, where Fis a Furstenberg family. It is shown that F-μ-pairwise sensitivity is equivalent to F-μ-sensitivity, when Fis a filterdual and is extensively compatible to the 2-fold product system. Moreover, it turns out that if (X, B, μ, f) is a measure-preserving system of weakly mixing and the support of μis X, then there exists a positive c such that (X, f) has an (M*(c), M*(0))- scrambled set with full induced outer measure by μ. M*(c) denotes the family of all subsets of ℤ+whose lower density is not less than c, and M*(0) denotes the family of all subsets of ℤ+whose lower density is non-zero.