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The notion of spontaneous symmetry breaking has been well established to characterize classical and quantum phase transitions of matter, such as condensation, crystallization or quantum magnetism. Generalizations of this paradigm to the time dimension can lead to a time crystal phase, which spontaneously breaks the time-translation symmetry of the system. Although the existence of a continuous time crystal at equilibrium has been challenged by no-go theorems, this difficulty can be circumvented by dissipation in an open system. Here we report the experimental observation of such a dissipative time-crystalline order in a room-temperature atomic gas, where ground-state atoms are continuously driven to Rydberg states. The emergent time crystal is revealed by persistent oscillations of the photon transmission, and we show that the observed limit cycles arise from the coexistence and competition between distinct Rydberg components. The non-decaying autocorrelation of the oscillation, together with the robustness against temporal noises, indicates the establishment of true long-range temporal order and demonstrates the realization of a continuous time crystal.

Chiral pollutants often pose significant differential environmental health risks. In this study, the biotransformation of chiral dinotefuran (DIN) and its enantioselective metabolic toxicity mechanisms have been systemically investigated. Firstly, reversed-phase chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry was developed to quantify the content of DIN R/S chiral enantiomer with pg level sensitivity, revealing a lower elimination rate constant (Ke) of S-DIN (0.730 h−1) than R-DIN (0.746 h−1). Secondly, the interaction mechanism between DIN metabolism and important endogenous bioactive molecules, such as aldehyde oxidase (AOX) and neurotransmitters, was revealed. The DIN nitro-group was converted into a guanidine group by the reducing site of nearby flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) in AOX with the preferred higher affinity of S-configuration. Meanwhile, the endogenous tryptophan (Trp) aldehyde metabolic intermediate, 5-hydroxyindoleacetaldehyde (5-HIAL), provides a persistent electron donor for DIN reduction viathe oxidation-catalyzed site in AOX, resulting in remarkable up-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. Thirdly, the higher level of neurotransmitters further mediated dysregulation of oxylipin homeostasis viathe serotonergic pathway, where S-DIN exhibited more pronounced liver lipid damage and environmental health risk with the accumulated lipid biomarkers, oxidized triglyceride (OxTG) and oxidized sphingomyelin (OxSM). This study elucidates the AOX-mediated enantioselectivity metabolic pathway of DIN, providing a new analytical method for chiral pollutants and paves the way for their health risk assessments.

Flubendiamide (FLU), a widely used diamide insecticide, has been observed to potentiate adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in vitro. Whether exposure to FLU disrupts hepatic lipid homeostasis in mammals and induces visceral obesity, however, remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the effects of FLU when administered orally to male C57BL/6J mice under normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) conditions. FLU accumulated at higher levels in the tissues of the HFD group than those of the ND group, indicating that an HFD contributed to the accumulation of lipophilic pesticides in vivo. Notably, FLU (logP= 4.14) is highly lipophilic and easily accumulates in fat. Exposure to FLU had opposing effects on the lipid metabolism of the liver in the ND and HFD groups. Liver triacylglycerol levels in the ND group were reduced, while those in the HFD group were increased, resulting in more severe hepatic steatosis. More lipid accumulation was also observed in HepG2 cells exposed to FLU. Changes in hepatic lipid deposition in vivo occurred as the enhanced transcriptional regulation of the genes involved in lipid uptake, de novolipogenesis, and fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO). Moreover, an excessive increase in FAO caused oxidative stress, which in turn exacerbated the inflammation of the liver. This study revealed the disruptive effect of FLU exposure on hepatic lipid homeostasis, which may facilitate the triggering of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in HFD-fed mice.

Sartans, as a class of antihypertensive drugs, pose a threat to human health when illegally added to herbal beverages. It is crucial to detect sartans in herbal beverages. We have developed a highly sensitive monoclonal antibody against candesartan (CAN), olmesartan medoxomil (OLM), and irbesartan (IRB), with 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC50) that were obtained viaindirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ic-ELISA) as 0.178 ng mL−1, 0.185 ng mL−1, and 0.262 ng mL−1against CAN, OLM, and IRB, respectively. Based on this monoclonal antibody, we developed a rapid screening method for CAN, OLM, and IRB in herbal beverage samples using an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) strip. Test for 15 minutes after simple and rapid sample pre-treatment and the results of this method can be obtained through naked eye observation. The detection limits (LODs) of the ICA strip for CAN, OLM, and IRB in herbal beverage samples are lower than 0.15 ng mL−1, and the results of the ICA strip and ic-ELISA are consistent in spiked samples and recovery experiments. Therefore, this method can quickly, efficiently, and reliably achieve high-throughput on-site rapid detection of illegally added CAN, OLM, and IRB in herbal beverages.

With the rapid change of information technology and the continuous development of internet technology, more and more colleges and universities have begun to try the interactive drama teaching mode based on internet remote technology. In the process of its development, this teaching mode has increasingly reflected its far-reaching educational significance and occupies an important position in the modern education model. It not only enables students to participate in the drama teaching mode under different spatial conditions, but also shares learning resources in a wider range, so that students can better and faster integrate into learning, greatly reducing the impact caused by time or space constraints. Therefore, this paper aims to study the development needs of internet remote technology and the drama teaching mode of Chinese colleges and universities, as well as the development needs of interactive drama teaching.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) RNA methylation and its associated methyltransferase like 3 (METTL3) are involved in the development and maintenance of various tumors. The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-talk of METTL3 with glucose metabolism and reveal a novel mechanism for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) progression. Real-time quantitative PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry analyses suggested that METTL3 was highly expressed in ICC, which was correlated with poor patient prognosis. Immunoprecipitation sequencing of m6A-RNA showed that METTL3 upregulated m6A modification of NFAT5, which recruited IGF2BP1 for NFAT5 mRNA stabilization. Elevated expression of NFAT5 increased the expression of the gluconeogenesis-related genes GLUT1 and PGK1, resulting in enhanced aerobic glycolysis, proliferation, and tumor metastasis of ICC. Moreover, higher METTL3 expression was observed in tumor tissues of ICC patients with activated ICC glucose metabolism. Importantly, STM2457, a highly potent METTL3 inhibitor, which inhibited METTL3 activity and acted synergistically with gemcitabine, suggests that reprogramming RNA epigenetic modifications may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy. Overall, our findings highlighted the role of METTL3-mediated m6A modification of NFAT5 in activating glycolytic reprogramming in ICC and proposed that the METTL3/NFAT5 axis was a clinical target for the management of ICC chemoresistance by targeting cancer glycolysis.

Objective: To investigate non-anticoagulant factors that affect blood coagulation in the extracorporeal circulation (ECC) circuit of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) protocol for hemodialysis (HD).Method: The clinical characteristics of patients undergoing an individualized RCA protocol for HD between February 2021 and March 2022 were collected; Coagulation scores, pressures in various parts of the ECC circuit, the incidence of coagulation, and citrate concentrations in the ECC circuit during treatment were determined, and non-anticoagulant factors affecting coagulation in the ECC circuit were analyzed.Result: The lowest clotting rate was 2.8% in patients with arteriovenous fistula in various vascular access. Patients on Fresenius dialysis had a lower rate of clotting in the cardiopulmonary bypass line than patients on other brands of dialyzer. Low-throughput dialyzers are less likely to clot than high-throughput dialyzers. There are significant differences in the incidence of coagulation among different nurses during citrate anticoagulant hemodialysis.Conclusion: In the process of citrate anticoagulant hemodialysis, non-anticoagulant factors such as coagulation status, vascular access, dialyzer selection, and operator quality will affect the anticoagulant effect.

Here, the transcriptomics and metabolomics on a model of exposure to a cocktail of neonicotinoids (Neo) containing seven commercial compounds and a synergist piperonyl butoxide (PBO) were established. The results showed that Neo and PBO disrupted mRNA and metabolite levels in a dose-dependent manner. Neo caused tryptophan pathway-related neurotoxicity, reduced lipolysis, and promoted fat mass accumulation in the liver, while PBO induced an increase in inflammatory factors and damage to intercellular membranes. Co-exposure enhanced Neo-induced liver steatosis, focal necrosis, and oxidative stress by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Furthermore, diglycerides and metabolic biomarkers demonstrated that the activation of insulin signaling is associated with restricted OXPHOS, which commonly leads to a high risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) as the result of over-synthesis of lipids, low energy supply, and high thermogenesis. The study demonstrates that chronic disease can be induced by Neo and the synergist PBO at the molecular level.

To determine the tolerance and acceptance of hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) measurements in patients with liver cirrhosis. This prospective international multicenter study included 271 patients with cirrhosis who were scheduled to undergo HVPG measurement between October 2019 and June 2020. Data related to the tolerance and acceptance of HVPG measurements were collected using descriptive questionnaires. HVPG measurements were technically successful in all 271 patients, with 141 (52.0%) undergoing HVPG measurement alone. The complication rate was 0.4%. Postoperative pain was significantly lower than preoperative expected pain (p?

Plant photosynthetic capacity directly determines crop yield. Light quality regulates photosynthetic capacity. This review discusses plant responses to far-red light from the phenotypic to the molecular level, focusing specifically on the improvement of photosynthetic capacity by adjustment of photosynthetic electron transport and the path of light energy. Far-red light can also regulate leaf angle and increase plant height and leaf area, via expression of associated genes, to capture more light energy. Thus, far-red light regulates plant morphology and photosynthetic capacity. Identifying the mechanism of this regulation may lead to increased crop yields.

Chirality is a unifying structural metric of biological and abiological forms of matter. Over the past decade, considerable clarity has been achieved in understanding the chemistry and physics of chiral inorganic nanoparticles1–4; however, little is known about their effects on complex biochemical networks5,6. Intermolecular interactions of biological molecules and inorganic nanoparticles show some commonalities7–9, but these structures differ in scale, in geometry and in the dynamics of chiral shapes, which can both impede and strengthen their mirror-asymmetric complexes. Here we show that achiral and left- and right-handed gold biomimetic nanoparticles show different in vitro and in vivo immune responses. We use irradiation with circularly polarized light (CPL) to synthesize nanoparticles with controllable nanometre-scale chirality and optical anisotropy factors (g-factors) of up to 0.4. We find that binding of nanoparticles to two proteins from the family of adhesion G-protein-coupled receptors (AGPCRs)—namely cluster-of-differentiation 97 (CD97) and epidermal-growth-factor-like-module receptor 1 (EMR1)—results in the opening of mechanosensitive potassium-efflux channels, the production of immune signalling complexes known as inflammasomes, and the maturation of mouse bone-marrow-derived dendritic cells. Both in vivo and in vitro immune responses depend monotonically on the g-factors of the nanoparticles, indicating that nanoscale chirality can be used to regulate the maturation of immune cells. Finally, left-handed nanoparticles show substantially higher (1,258-fold) efficiency compared with their right-handed counterparts as adjuvants for vaccination against the H9N2 influenza virus, opening a path to the use of nanoscale chirality in immunology.

Optoelectronic effects differentiating absorption of right and left circularly polarized photons in thin films of chiral materials are typically prohibitively small for their direct photocurrent observation. Chiral metasurfaces increase the electronic sensitivity to circular polarization, but their out-of-plane architecture entails manufacturing and performance trade-offs. Here, we show that nanoporous thin films of chiral nanoparticles enable high sensitivity to circular polarization due to light-induced polarization-dependent ion accumulation at nanoparticle interfaces. Self-assembled multilayers of gold nanoparticles modified with l-phenylalanine generate a photocurrent under right-handed circularly polarized light as high as 2.41 times higher than under left-handed circularly polarized light. The strong plasmonic coupling between the multiple nanoparticles producing planar chiroplasmonic modes facilitates the ejection of electrons, whose entrapment at the membrane–electrolyte interface is promoted by a thick layer of enantiopure phenylalanine. Demonstrated detection of light ellipticity with equal sensitivity at all incident angles mimics phenomenological aspects of polarization vision in marine animals. The simplicity of self-assembly and sensitivity of polarization detection found in optoionic membranes opens the door to a family of miniaturized fluidic devices for chiral photonics.

Oxygen defect location and density can be tuned in TiO2nanotube arrays and the excess electrons originated from the oxygen defect can enhance performance of lithium ion battery and supercapacitor simultaneously.

CARTITUDE-1 aimed to assess the safety and clinical activity of ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel), a chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy with two B-cell maturation antigen-targeting single-domain antibodies, in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma with poor prognosis.

For monitoring diverse pollutants in a complicated water environment, the design and development of various detection strategies are necessary. Here, we introduce a general strategy of water monitoring aimed at amphiphilic pollutants using carbon nanotube based film. The pollutants with amphiphilic characteristics can tune the wetting behavior between carbon nanotubes and water molecules, leading to the change in the interface resistance of the carbon nanotube based film. The experimental results demonstrate that the change ratio of the film resistance is related to the concentration of pollutants in solution. This monitoring strategy is general for the detection of amphiphilic materials in mixed solution, such as surfactants and some organic solvent. The ability to achieve a sensitive and repeatable change in film resistance has potential applications in high-sensitivity, real-time, long-lasting, and multiple water monitoring.

In petroleum production, microbial investigations are essential for microbial-induced corrosion (MIC) control and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes. It is suggested that microorganisms can attach to the inner wall of pipes as biofilms, which are more stable and could cause more serious corrosion than planktonic microorganisms in the water phase. At present, research on the biofilms during oil production is mainly focused on the surface pipelines, while few reports have directly investigated biofilms in vertical deep wells. Therefore, in this study, wellbore biofilms were sampled during well workover from several well-tube segments corresponding to different original depths (approximately 0, 840, and 1330 m). The injected water was sampled as well. The results of the 16S rRNA gene library sequencing showed that the biofilms and water-phase communities were distinct (dissimilarity of 0.56–0.64), although they shared 64 OTUs. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Proteobacteriawas 74.65% in the water phase and only 7.86–27.41% in the biofilms. The dominant phylum, Firmicutes, was 6.03–41.21% in the three biofilms, while only 1.16% in the water phase. With increasing depth, the biofilm communities became more diverse (Shannon index of 3.43–4.21), more anaerobic, and more thermophilic possibly due to the depleting oxygen and increasing temperature in samples from the deeper well. For instance, the relative abundance of anaerobes (archaea and strict anaerobic bacteria) in biofilms increased from 18.32 to 40.53%. Thermophilic bacteria (such as Kosmotoga) increased from 6.65 to 15.82%. Among methanogens, hydrogenotrophic genera (such as Methanobacteriumand Methanolinea) increased from 3.66 to 9.68%. This study revealed the structural differences between water-phase and biofilm communities in the well, and the depth-dependent distribution of the biofilm communities. These results improved the understanding of microbial ecology in wellbores, which will benefit microbial activity control measures applied in oil production processes, including MIC and oil recovery.

In this study, a highly specific and sensitive monoclonal antibody (mAb) against lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT) was prepared. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) in the ic-ELISA was 1.2 ng mL−1and the limit of detection (LOD) value was 0.2 ng mL−1. Based on the mAb, an immunochromatographic strip (ICS) was developed to qualitatively and quantitatively detect LCT in cabbage, parsley, spinach, and green tea samples. The results from the qualitative test can be observed with the naked eye within 10 min, and from quantitative detection experiments the linear detection ranges for cabbage, parsley, spinach, and green tea samples were 2.3–122.0, 1.5–98.2, 2.1–145.5, and 6.6–129.7 ng g−1, respectively. Furthermore, recovery experiments were carried out at three spiked concentrations of LCT (5, 20, and 80 ng g−1), and the recoveries of the ICS in vegetable samples ranged from 81.2% to 96.7%, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 8.1%. For green tea, the recoveries of the ICS were from 80.4% to 90.7%, with a CV of less than 8.7%. The ICS assay established in this study can be used for the qualitative and quantitative determination of LCT residues in foods and agricultural products.

Madduri: Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie: Consultancy, Honoraria; Foundation Medicine: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Legend: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Speaking Engagement, Speakers Bureau; Kinevant: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Speaking Engagement, Speakers Bureau; GSK: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Other: Speaking Engagement, Speakers Bureau. Berdeja:Teva: Research Funding; Bluebird: Research Funding; Bioclinica: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; EMD Sorono: Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy; Prothena: Consultancy; Cellularity: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Servier: Consultancy; Legend: Consultancy; Poseida: Research Funding; Lilly: Research Funding; Acetylon: Research Funding; CURIS: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Genentech, Inc.: Research Funding; Glenmark: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; BMS: Consultancy, Research Funding; Constellation: Research Funding; CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Vivolux: Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kesios: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding. Usmani:Celgene: Other; BMS, Celgene: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Speaking Fees, Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy, Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Merck: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Consultancy; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Speaking Fees, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Speaking Fees, Research Funding; SkylineDX: Consultancy, Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Array Biopharma: Research Funding; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Speaking Fees, Research Funding. Jakubowiak:Adaptive, Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria; AbbVie, Amgen, BMS/Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Cohen:Celgene: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Takeda,: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; GlaxoSmithKline: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Kite Pharma: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Oncopeptides: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; AstraZeneca: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Genentech/Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Other: Patents/Intellectual property licensed, Research Funding. Stewart:Janssen, BMS, Sanofi-Aventis, GSK: Honoraria; Tempus, Inc., Genomics England LLC: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Hari:Amgen: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; GSK: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; Incyte Corporation: Consultancy. Htut:City of Hope Medical Center: Current Employment. Munshi:OncoPep: Consultancy, Current equity holder in private company, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Patents & Royalties; BMS: Consultancy; Janssen: Consultancy; Adaptive: Consultancy; Legend: Consultancy; Amgen: Consultancy; Karyopharm: Consultancy; Takeda: Consultancy; AbbVie: Consultancy; C4: Current equity holder in private company. Deol:Novartis: Consultancy; Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy. Lesokhin:BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; Juno: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Serametrix Inc.: Patents & Royalties; GenMab: Consultancy, Honoraria. Singh:Janssen: Current Employment. Zudaire:Janssen: Current Employment. Yeh:Janssen: Current Employment. Allred:Janssen: Current Employment. Olyslager:Janssen: Current Employment. Banerjee:Janssen: Current Employment. Goldberg:Johnson & Johnson: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Schecter:Janssen: Current Employment. Jackson:Janssen: Current Employment; Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center: Consultancy. Deraedt:Janssen: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Zhuang:Janssen: Current Employment. Infante:Janssen: Current Employment. Geng:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Wu:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Carrasco:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Akram:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Hossain:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Rizvi:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Fan:Legend Biotech USA Inc.: Current Employment. Jagannath:BMS, Janssen, Karyopharm, Legend Biotech, Sanofi, Takeda: Consultancy. Lin:Kite, a Gilead Company: Consultancy, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Merck: Research Funding; Legend BioTech: Consultancy; Juno: Consultancy; Bluebird Bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Vineti: Consultancy; Takeda: Research Funding; Gamida Cells: Consultancy; Sorrento: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Martin:AMGEN: Research Funding; Seattle Genetics: Research Funding; Janssen: Research Funding; GSK: Consultancy; Sanofi: Research Funding.

Background:Ciltacabtagene autoleucel (cilta-cel; JNJ-68284528; LCAR-B38M CAR-T cells) is a chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy with 2 B-cell maturation antigen-targeting single-domain antibodies designed to confer avidity. In the phase 1 LEGEND-2 study in China, LCAR-B38M yielded deep, durable responses with a manageable safety profile in patients (pts) with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma (R/R MM). The phase 1b/2 CARTITUDE-1 study (NCT03548207) is further evaluating cilta-cel in this pt population in the US. We present updated data from the phase 1b portion along with initial phase 2 data.

The thickness dependent chain mobility in polymer films influenced by the interfacial effect was investigated by the cold crystallization behavior of thin poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films covered by a thin poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenyleneoxide) (PPO) layer to eliminate the free surface effect. Two characteristic film thicknesses were observed, which were related to the long-range perturbations of the interfacial effect. Below the first thickness (hs*), the bulk-like crystallization temperature of PET films begins to shift upward, and below the second thickness (hn*), crystallization of PET films is completely suppressed. These two characteristic thicknesses are proportional to the adsorbed layer thickness. We found that hs* is much greater than the thickness of the PET film with a free surface, while hn* is independent of the free surface. This result indicated that the thickness for the suppression of polymer film dynamics can be increased by removing the contribution of the free surface. The value of hn*independent of the free surface may be attributed to the fact that the chain conformation within this thickness adopts the chain conformation at the interface, causing the “free surface” to vanish. The chain conformations affected by the substrate are another cause of long-range perturbations.

Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection can induce alveolar macrophage apoptosis and autophagy, which play a vital role in eliminating pathogens. These two processes are usually not independent. Recently, autophagy has been found to interact with apoptosis during pathogen infections. Nevertheless, the role of autophagy in P. aeruginosa-infected cell apoptosis is unclear. In this study, we explored the impact of P. aeruginosainfection on autophagy and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells. The autophagy activator rapamycin was used to stimulate autophagy and explore the role of autophagy on apoptosis in P. aeruginosa-infected RAW264.7 cells. The results indicated that P. aeruginosainfection induced autophagy and apoptosis in RAW264.7 cells, and that rapamycin could suppress P. aeruginosa-induced apoptosis by regulating the expression of apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, rapamycin scavenged the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and diminished p-JNK, p-ERK1/2 and p-p38 expression of MAPK pathways in RAW264.7 cells infected with P. aeruginosa. In conclusion, the promotion of autophagy decreased P. aeruginosa-induced ROS accumulation and further attenuated the apoptosis of RAW264.7 cells through MAPK pathway. These results provide novel insights into host–pathogen interactions and highlight a potential role of autophagy in eliminating P. aeruginosa.

Two novel thorium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), namely Th-SINAP-7and Th-SINAP-8, have been synthesized via the solvothermal reactions of thorium nitrate and 1,4- or 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid in the presence of acid modulators. Bearing the rigid aromatic architectures, Th-SINAP-7and Th-SINAP-8exhibit exceptional chemical (from pH 1 to 12) and thermal stabilities (up to 520 °C), as well as ionizing radioresistance (2 × 105Gy β and γ irradiations). The highly porous nature and conjugated π-electrons of naphthalene on the organic linkers endow high affinity of both MOFs toward I2molecules owning to the charge transfer between π-electrons of the host networks and the guest iodine molecules, as evidenced by combined techniques including of FTIR, PXRD, SEM-EDS, UV–vis spectroscopy, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. Particularly, Th-SINAP-8can efficiently remove >99% I2from cyclohexane solution and exhibit guest uptake of iodine vapor with an adsorption capacity of 473 mg/g.

In the present study, a tetrahedron probe with encoded internal reference nanoparticles (NPs) was self-assembled by a complementary nucleic acid aptamer for simultaneous ratiometric detection of telomerase (TE) and epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in living cells. In the presence of a target, the dissociation of gold (Au) NPs, which was modified with corresponding tags, resulted in decreased surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals. In addition, the ratios of Raman intensity at 1346 cm–1/1096 cm–1(TE) and 1614 cm–1/1096 cm–1(EpCAM) compared with the internal reference were demonstrated to quantify the level of TE and EpCAM, respectively, and can eliminate certain background noise. A good linear relationship was observed between them, and the linear range of TE and EpCAM in HeLa cells was 0.7 × 10–12to 37.5 × 10–12IU and 1.24 to 75.48 pg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.6 × 10–16IU and 0.53 pg/mL, respectively, which were consistent with the results of Raman confocal imaging. Meanwhile, the versatility and specificity of the developed probes were confirmed in cell lines. These results provide a reliable and ultrasensitive strategy for the in situdetection of biomarkers and a new method for SERS-based tetrahedrons in the early diagnosis of cancer.

Dinitolmide is a nitro amide coccidiostat used in poultry feed, and is a potential threat to the environment and human health. In this study, a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against dinitolmide was prepared and an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) was developed to detect residual dinitolmide in chicken tissue. The results show that the mAb exhibited high sensitivity, with a limit of detection as low as 9.01 ng mL−1. A cross reactivity test revealed that the mAb also had good specificity for dinitolmide. This ICA method showed a visible limit of detection of 2.5 μg kg−1, and a cut-off value of 25 μg kg−1for testing dinitolmide in chicken sample extract by using the naked eye. Importantly, these observations using our ICA, were comparable to other methods of detection such as liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry and indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IC-ELISA). These data suggest that our ICA method is a reliable, portable, and high-throughput method for the detection of dinitolmide residues in chicken tissue.

Nicarbazin is an anticoccidial drug with a residue limit in animal husbandry. 4,4′-Dinitrocarbanilide (DNC) is the residue marker of nicarbazin. In this research, designed and based on new haptens, a sensitive and specific monoclonal antibody was produced against DNC. The IC50value of the prepared mAb 3A3 was 0.14 ng mL−1and the LOD was 0.02 ng mL−1. The recovery rate of the chicken breast and liver samples were 93.50–115.60% and 99.60–108.00%, respectively. The results of the cross-reaction experiment show that it is highly specific for DNC. A colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strip was prepared for rapid detection of DNC in the chicken breast and liver samples. The visual limits (LODs) of DNC detection in the chicken breast and liver samples were 2.5 μg kg−1and 5 μg kg−1, and the cut-offs were 10 μg kg−1and 10 μg kg−1, respectively. Therefore, the preparation of colloidal gold immunochromatographic test strips can be meaningful for the on-site detection and rapid screening of numerous samples.

In this study, a hybrid nanoassembly consisting of an upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP) core and a zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF) shell encapsulated with chiral NiSx NPs (denoted as UCNP@ZIF-NiSx) were fabricated. The UCNP@ZIF-NiSx nanoassemblies showed an intense circular dichroism (CD) signal at 440 and 530 nm, whereas the upconversion luminescence (UCL) signal of the UCNPs at 540 nm were quenched by NiSx NPs and the UCL signal at 660 nm was almost unchanged. By taking advantage of the chiral-optical and fluorescent signals, the dual mode nanoassemblies can be used for quantitively monitoring reactive oxygen species (ROS), with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as the proof-of-concept target in living cells. The experimental results revealed that UCNP@ZIF-NiSx has been changed into UCNP@ZIF with degradation of NiSx during the detection process. Noticeably, quantitative and selective detection of ROS was successfully carried out in vivo. This strategy highlights the potential of chiral nanoassemblies for ROS detection, which opens up a new avenue to develop the toolbox of chiral nanomaterials for biomedical and biological analysis.