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The cruise industry, which serves as a prominent exemplar of globalized business, is characterized by unique features that render its supply chain operations highly susceptible to various risk factors, thereby giving rise to significant consequences. Evaluating the risks associated with major disruptive events and enhancing the robustness of the cruise supply chain have become crucial issues of concern for various stakeholders. This study first develops an indicator evaluation system for assessing the risks of China's cruise supply chain, drawing upon relevant literature and expert interview opinions. Secondly, set pair analysis is utilized to identify the scores and trends of risk indicators in China's cruise supply chain. Thirdly, the Set pair analysis-Markov chain model is employed to forecast the future risk status of China's cruise supply chain system, and the influence of different weights on the prediction results is discussed. Finally, the risk evolution network of China's cruise supply chain is constructed to identify common risk consequences and visualize the evolution path of risk events, with the aim of providing reference for the formulation of prevention and control measures. The findings of this article have important consequences for improving risk mitigation strategies and enhancing the resilience of the cruise supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transportation industry is the main source of carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions, and the development of multimodal transport is conducive to reducing transportation carbon emissions. In order to evaluate the low carbon efficiency of multimodal transport, this article proposes a cross efficiency data envelopment analysis (DEA) method for complex network structures from the perspective of fairness, and takes China's rail-water intermodal transport as an example for research. The proposed method includes two secondary goal models that reduce the unreasonable differences between self-evaluation and peer-evaluation and treat all stages within the network system equally. Then, the improved entropy weight method is used to aggregate the cross efficiency. In addition, a numerical example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the case study show that the efficiency of Tangshan Port and Rizhao Port is relatively high, and others should learn from the successful experiences and develop improvement strategies based on their own characteristics. The conclusions can provide reference for transportation enterprise management and policy formulation, and the proposed method can be widely applied to the performance analysis of enterprise network, industrial chain, and supply chain. [Display omitted] • A novel cross efficiency DEA model is proposed. • The proposed approach includes two secondary goal models. • The low carbon efficiency of multimodal transport is evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the division of work within the world economic system becomes increasingly complex, the impact of disturbing events on the economic system is expanding. Recently, Japan proposed to discharge nuclear wastewater into the Pacific Ocean, which will cause damage to marine fisheries, thereby seriously affecting fisheries and other industries in Japan and other countries and regions around the world. Considering different scenarios of final and intermediate demand shifting, this paper uses the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM) and Multi-Region Input-Output Model (MRIO) to simulate the economic consequences of nuclear wastewater discharge in Japan and calculate the economic changes of each industry and country (region). The results show that: In the short term, when only the final demand for Japanese fishery products decreases. (1) The ten countries (regions) with significant economic losses are Japan, the United States, Chinese Taipei, Canada, Chile, South Africa, Mexico, Peru, the United Kingdom, and Ireland. (2) The ten countries (regions) with a significant increase in total output due to demand shift are China (People's Republic of), the Rest of the World, India, Indonesia, Viet Nam, the Philippines, Brazil, Myanmar, the Russian Federation, and Malaysia. (3) A ranking of changes in the total output of different industries. In the long term, when both intermediate and final demand for Japanese fishery products decrease. (4) The change in value added in Japan. (5) The change in value added of 67 countries (regions) worldwide. The ten countries (regions) with the most significant increase in value-added are the Russian Federation, China (People's Republic of), the Rest of the World, the United States, Indonesia, Australia, Norway, Korea, Viet Nam, and Myanmar. The ten countries (regions) with the most significant decrease in value-added are Japan, Chinese Taipei, Chile, South Africa, Peru, Thailand, Mexico, Cambodia, Costa Rica, and Morocco. Changes in value added of 45 industrial sectors worldwide. • The impact of Japan's nuclear wastewater discharge on the global industrial economy was estimated. • Negative impacts of the shift of intermediate goods on the Japanese economy are more significant than that of final goods. • Economic losses of countries (regions) and industries caused by reduced demand for fishing products were ranked. • Economic growth of countries (regions) and industries driven by substitution of demand for fishing products were ranked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing trend of global warming, the frequent occurrences of natural disasters have brought serious challenges to the sustainable development of the society. Therefore, emergency decision making (EDM) for natural disasters plays an increasingly significant role in improving the capability to respond disasters. In this paper, we first elaborate the concept and characteristics of EDM for natural disasters and briefly expound emergency decision contents in different stages of natural disasters. Then, an overview is provided for the EDM theory and methods of natural disasters from the methodological perspective. After that, we give a detailed illustration of the construction of emergency decision support system. Finally, we summarize the main conclusions of the paper and point out the prospect of future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel method that achieves optimal allocation efficiency is proposed. • Our novel method can lead to less economic losses of cities in China. • The deprivation coefficient per capita was used for the fairness of the method. • A case study on 27 polluted cities with high homogeneity in China is conducted. Rational allocation of pollutant emission rights is one of the ways to promote the sustainable economy and environment of cities. Based on the overall goal of emission reduction in the 13th Five-Year Plan proposed by China, the Yangtze River Delta city agglomeration with high homogeneity is selected as the research object, and three allocation models of SO 2 emission rights are established using data envelopment analysis (DEA), shadow price and information entropy. The fairness of the three allocation schemes is evaluated by the per capita relative deprivation coefficient (RDC). The study shows that: (1) the three-objective information entropy allocation model takes into account the principles of maximum output-input efficiency, protection of regional GDP and scheme fairness, and the relative deprivation coefficients (RDCs) are all less than 0.5, which can be used as the best scheme for SO 2 emission rights allocation in the Yangtze River Delta city agglomeration. (2) Cities in Jiangsu province need to reduce SO 2 emissions. (3) Taking city agglomerations with high homogeneity as the research object has more practical significance, which can provide policy advice for sustainable development of similar city agglomerations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Japanese government intended to discharge more than 1.2 million tons of nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean, arousing great attention from governments and people around the world. Using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model, this article describes the impact of this event on the economic output of global countries and regions under different scenarios. The empirical results showed that: (1) The negative effects caused by nuclear wastewater discharge would reduce the GDP of affected areas, while other unaffected areas will increase. The total global social welfare loss could reach up to 219.8 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 0.26% of global GDP in 2020. In addition, this negative impact would increase with the expansion of nuclear wastewater. (2) The discharge of nuclear wastewater would increase the trade imbalance between several regions and reduce the total production value of most countries or regions. This paper evaluated the economic losses caused by the discharge of nuclear wastewater on global countries or regions, and further revealed the negative consequences of the discharge of nuclear wastewater into the ocean. [Display omitted] • The GTAP model assessed the impact of Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge on the global economy. • The total global social welfare loss will reach up to 219.8 billion U.S. dollars. • The nuclear wastewater discharge would reduce the GDP of affected areas, while other unaffected areas will increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A dynamic general equilibrium model about air pollution in china was established. • Empirical impacts of environmental regulation on air pollution in china were analysed. • Reasons about recent decline in china's air pollution were provided. In recent years, the average concentration of PM 2.5 in China's air pollution has generally declined, but literature discussing reasons for the decline are scarce. This study provides an explanation of the reasons for the decline in China's air pollution through theoretical model construction and simulation. Firstly, a DGE (Dynamic General Equilibrium) model, including time and space dimensions, is used to describe the mechanism for energy structure adjustment and environmental regulation affecting air pollution in China. Secondly, the parameters of the theoretical model are adjusted for simulation. The simulation results show that the government environmental control has positive policy effect, both in reducing air pollution and in promoting economic growth, while energy structure adjustment only works in curbing air pollution. Further simulations found that the effectiveness of government environmental control depends on whether there are regional differences in policy implementation and the choice of policy paths. Thirdly, panel data from 286 cities at prefecture level and above in China from 2010 to 2018 verified the simulation. The empirical results verified the availability of government environmental control and energy structural adjustment in improving air quality. From the analysis of heterogeneity, the government environmental control showed better air pollution control effect in big cities, and the policy effect of government environmental control was gradually improving over time. The following policy implications are proposed: research on alternative energy sources, adjustment of energy structure, and the coordinated development of government environmental control in various regions are the main strategies for improving air quality. Adopting the "fast first and then slow" governance policy, designing the "north first and then south," and "heavy first and lighter" air pollution control measures can achieve better control effects. Figure 1 Research framework [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shipping management has an essential influence on the development of shipping industry. Management efficiency is one of the important indexes to measure the quality of shipping management. This paper aims to assess the management efficiency from a new perspective of congestion index to point out the causes affecting efficiency and provide suggestions to the shipping company. Based on a two-stage data envelopment analysis, we establish a novel congestion management system to comprehensively examine the organization's congestion from three aspects, including the macro-level, the micro-level, and resource allocation. Accordingly, we apply three congestion models, namely stage congestion, slack-based congestion, and resource reallocation congestion, respectively, to measure Hapag-Lloyd's congestion index from 2017 to 2020. We find that: 1) Hapag-Lloyd's capacity is higher than its market share; 2) major events (e.g., merger and acquisition, COVID-19) have significant impacts on the congestion index of the company; 3) excessive redistributable resource input invalidate the congestion index. [Display omitted] • The management efficiency of shipping company was assessed by a two-stage data envelopment analysis. • A novel congestion management system was established to comprehensively examine the organization's congestion. • It is found that COVID-19 have significant impacts on the congestion index of the company. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic loss evaluation of disaster is the basis for disaster prevention and disaster emergency management and thus needs to be solved urgently. Computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and input-output (IO) model are the major disaster assessment methods, each of which has its own strengths and weaknesses currently. However, few comparative researches have been conducted on the economic losses of one disaster evaluated by CGE Model and IO Model based on the same disaster impact. Therefore, this paper first constructs multi-sectoral CGE model and IO model, which are commonly used in disaster loss assessment. Then, taking the Beijing "7.21 Rainstorm" in 2012 as an example, the direct losses of agricultural and transportation sectors are introduced to the basic model. After that, the economic loss ratio and comprehensive losses based on the two models can be obtained. Finally, by comparing the assessment results, the main conclusions of the evaluation mechanism are summarized. The results showed that: (1) The CGE model has a greater spillover effect upon sectors and a wider distribution of disaster-affected sectors than the IO model; (2) the range of economic loss determined by the assessment results of the CGE model and the IO model is [67.9396, 74.2739] (100 million yuan); (3) agricultural, transportation, and mining sectors are high-sensitivity sectors to rainstorm disasters. Through the comparison of the two models, the accurate economic loss of disaster can be obtained, according to which governments can take targeted measures for the prevention and early warning of disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the relationship between public cognition and satisfaction with meteorological service is an important way to adapt to and mitigate climate change. This article first proposes an innovative concept on public meteorological cognition. Also, based on the survey data from 3,029 questionnaires on public cognition of meteorological disasters in Shenzhen city of China, the relationship among public cognition, perceived value, and meteorological service satisfaction is evaluated using a structural equation model. Research results demonstrate that (a) public cognition can significantly affect service satisfaction. (b) Shenzhen residents are generally satisfied with meteorological service, particularly during the typhoon season. However, the residents are dissatisfied with the availability of information on meteorological disaster warnings. (c) Both public meteorological cognition and perceived value of meteorological service significantly affect public satisfaction. (d) The public meteorological cognition can be improved by increasing the perceived value of meteorological service, which further enhances public satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]